hepatocellular carcinoma

carcinoma

[kahr″sĭ-no´mah] (pl. carcinomas, carcino´mata) a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate surrounding tissues and to give rise to metastases. A form of cancer, carcinoma makes up the majority of the cases of malignancy of the breast, uterus, intestinal tract, skin, and tongue.adenocystic carcinoma (adenoid cystic carcinoma) carcinoma marked by cylinders or bands of hyaline or mucinous stroma separated or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells, occurring in the mammary and salivary glands, and mucous glands of the respiratory tract. Called also cylindroma.alveolar carcinoma bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.basal cell carcinoma the most common form of skin cancer, consisting of an epithelial tumor of the skin originating from neoplastic differentiation of basal cells, rarely metastatic but locally invasive and aggressive. It usually occurs as small pearly nodules or plaques on the face of an older adult, particularly on a sun-exposed area of someone with fair skin. It has been divided into numerous subtypes on the basis of clinical and histological characteristics.basosquamous carcinoma carcinoma that histologically exhibits both basal and squamous elements.bile duct carcinoma 1. cholangiocarcinoma.2. cholangiocellular carcinoma.bronchioalveolar carcinoma (bronchiolar carcinoma) (bronchioloalveolar carcinoma) (bronchoalveolar carcinoma) a variant type of adenocarcinoma of the lung, with columnar to cuboidal epithelial cells lining the alveolar septa and projecting into alveolar spaces in branching papillary formations. Called also alveolar carcinoma or adenocarcinoma and bronchiolar, bronchioloalveolar, or bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma.bronchogenic carcinoma any of a large group of carcinomas of the lung, so called because they arise from the epithelium of the bronchial tree. Four primary subtypes are distinguished: adenocarcinoma of the lung, carcinoma" >large cell carcinoma, carcinoma" >small cell carcinoma, and carcinoma" >squamous cell carcinoma.cholangiocellular carcinoma a rare type of carcinoma" >hepatocellular carcinoma arising from the cholangioles, consisting of two layers of cells surrounding a minute lumen. Called also bile duct carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.chorionic carcinoma choriocarcinoma.clear cell carcinoma 1. clear cell adenocarcinoma.2. renal cell carcinoma.colloid carcinoma mucinous carcinoma.cylindrical cell carcinoma carcinoma in which the cells are cylindrical or nearly so.embryonal carcinoma a highly malignant tumor" >germ cell tumor that is a primitive form of carcinoma, probably of primitive embryonal cell derivation; it usually arises in a gonad and may be found either in pure form or as part of a mixed germ cell tumor.epidermoid carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma.giant cell carcinoma a poorly differentiated, highly malignant, epithelial neoplasm containing many large multinucleated tumor cells, such as occurs in the lungs.hepatocellular carcinoma primary carcinoma of the liver cells with hepatomegaly, jaundice, hemoperitoneum, and other symptoms of the presence of an abdominal mass. It is rare in North America and Western Europe but is one of the most common malignancies in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, East Asia, and elsewhere. A strong association seems to exist with chronic virus" >hepatitis B virus infection.Hürthle cell carcinoma a malignant Hürthle cell tumor.carcinoma in si´tu a neoplasm whose tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane; the likelihood of subsequent invasive growth is presumed to be high.large cell carcinoma a type of carcinoma" >bronchogenic carcinoma of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size, a variety of carcinoma" >squamous cell carcinoma that has undergone further dedifferentiation.medullary carcinoma that composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma.mucinous carcinoma an adenocarcinoma that produces significant amounts of mucin.nasopharyngeal carcinoma a malignant tumor arising in the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx, occurring at high frequency in people of Chinese descent. The epstein-barr virus has been implicated as a causative agent.non–small cell carcinoma a general term comprising all lung carcinomas except small cell carcinoma, and including adenocarcinoma of the lung, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.oat cell carcinoma a form of carcinoma" >small cell carcinoma in which the cells are round or elongated and slightly larger than lymphocytes; they have scanty cytoplasm and clump poorly.papillary carcinoma carcinoma in which there are papillary growths that are irregular in nature arising from otherwise normal tissue; it can occur in the thyroid gland, the breast, or the bladder. Called also papillocarcinoma.renal cell carcinoma carcinoma of the parenchyma" >renal parenchyma, composed of tubular cells in varying arrangements; called also clear cell carcinoma.scirrhous carcinoma carcinoma with a hard structure owing to the formation of dense connective tissue in the stroma. Called also fibrocarcinoma.carcinoma sim´plex an undifferentiated carcinoma.small cell carcinoma a common, highly malignant form of carcinoma" >bronchogenic carcinoma in the wall of a major bronchus, occurring mainly in middle-aged individuals with a history of tobacco smoking; it is radiosensitive and has small oval undifferentiated cells. Metastasis to the hilum and to mediastinal lymph nodes is common.spindle cell carcinoma carcinoma" >squamous cell carcinoma marked by development of rapidly proliferating spindle cells.squamous cell carcinoma 1. carcinoma developed from epithelium" >squamous epithelium, having cuboid cells and characterized by keratinization. Initially local and superficial, the lesion may later invade and metastasize.2. the form occurring in the skin, usually originating in sun-damaged areas or preexisting lesions.3. in the lung, one of the most common types of carcinoma" >bronchogenic carcinoma, generally forming polypoid or sessile masses that obstruct the airways of the bronchi. It usually occurs in middle-aged individuals with a history of smoking. There is frequent invasion of blood and lymphatic vessels with metastasis to regional lymph nodes and other sites. Called also epidermoid carcinoma.transitional cell carcinoma a malignant tumor arising from a transitional type of stratified epithelium, usually affecting the urinary bladder.verrucous carcinoma 1. a variety of squamous cell carcinoma that has a predilection for the buccal mucosa but also affects other oral soft tissue and the larynx. It is slow-growing and somewhat invasive.2. Buschke-Löwenstein tumor, so called because it is histologically similar to the oral lesion.

hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),

[MIM*114550] Malignant tumor of the liver that develops in the setting of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma is derived from hepatocytes that are transformed into adenocarcinoma. Up to 60% of patients with HCC have elevated serum alpha fetoprotein levels. Tumor has a poor long-term prognosis unless treated surgically by resection or liver transplantation. Noninvasive imaging (e.g., MRI or CT scan) may distinguish hepatomas from other benign tumors such as hemangiomas. Synonym(s): hepatocarcinoma, hepatoma, liver cell carcinoma, malignant hepatoma

hepatocellular carcinoma

(hĕp′ə-tō-sĕl′yə-lər, hĭ-păt′ō-)n. A carcinoma derived from parenchymal cells of the liver.

hepatocellular carcinoma

A primary liver cancer that arises in hepatocytes (liver cells).
Epidemiology
Incidence increased (1.6/105 from 1980 to 4.9/105 from 2005), primarily in middle- to older-aged (age 40–60) patients; black patients are 2-fold more common than whites; male:female ratio is 3:1.
Clinical findings
Abdominal pain, weight loss, weakness, anorexia, vomiting, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ascites, splenomegaly, wasting, fever; paraneoplastic changes include increased cholesterol, polycythaemia and sex-discordant changes in hormone levels.

Risk factors
• HBV+ carries a 7-fold increased risk; HCV-ness carries a 4-fold increased risk.
• Mycotoxin (e.g., aflatoxin B1 in stored grains, drinking water).
• 3-year risk for HCC is 12.5% in patients with cirrhosis; 4% in patients with chronic liver disease; others include alcohol consumption, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis.
• Metabolic diseases—Haemochromatosis, glycogen storage diseases, Wilson’s disease, galactosemia.
• Environmental conditions, such as excessive exposure to thorotrast (an obsolete radiocontrast medium), androgenic steroids, PVC (polyvinylchloride).
Lab
AFP, HepPAR, PIVKA II (protein induced by the absence of vitamin K), biopsy, hepatitis serology, LFTs, CBC, coagulation profile.

Prognosis
5-year postoperative recurrence is 80%, reflects adequacy of surgical margins, detected by AFP.

ma·lig·nant hep·a·to·ma

(mă-lig'nănt hep'ă-tō'mă) A carcinoma derived from parenchymal cells of the liver.
Synonym(s): hepatocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A dangerous cancer of the liver that may develop in patients who have had hepatitis, sometimes as long as 20 or 30 years earlier.Mentioned in: Hepatitis C

hepatocellular carcinoma

hepatocellular carcinoma

carcinoma

hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),

hepatocellular carcinoma

hepatocellular carcinoma

ma·lig·nant hep·a·to·ma

Hepatocellular carcinoma

hepatocellular carcinoma

Synonyms for hepatocellular carcinoma

noun carcinoma of the liver

Synonyms

Related Words