| 释义 |
indurateenUK
in·du·rate I0115600 (ĭn′də-rāt′, -dyə-)v. in·du·rat·ed, in·du·rat·ing, in·du·rates v.tr.1. To make hard; harden: soil that had been indurated by extremes of climate.2. To inure, as to hardship or ridicule.3. To make callous or obdurate: "It is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart" (Helen Maria Williams).v.intr.1. To grow hard; harden.2. To become firmly fixed or established.adj. (ĭn′do͝o-rĭt, -dyə-) Hardened; obstinate; unfeeling.
[Latin indūrāre, indūrāt- : in-, intensive pref.; see in-2 + dūrus, hard; see deru- in Indo-European roots.]
in′du·ra′tive adj.indurate vb 1. to make or become hard or callous 2. to make or become hardy adj hardened, callous, or unfeeling [C16: from Latin indūrāre to make hard; see endure] ˌinduˈration n ˈinduˌrative adjin•du•rate (v. ˈɪn dʊˌreɪt, -dyʊ-; adj. ˈɪn dʊ rɪt, -dyʊ-; ɪnˈdʊər ɪt, -ˈdyʊər-)
v. -rat•ed, -rat•ing,
adj. v.t. 1. to make hard; harden: Pressure and heat indurate the rock. 2. to make callous, stubborn, or unfeeling. 3. to inure; accustom. 4. to make enduring; establish. v.i. 5. to become hard. 6. to become established. adj. 7. hardened; unfeeling. [1375–1425; late Middle English < Latin indūrāre to harden =in- in-2 + dūrāre, v. derivative of dūrūs hard] indurate
Past participle: indurated
Gerund: indurating
| Imperative |
|---|
| indurate | | indurate |
| Present |
|---|
| I indurate | | you indurate | | he/she/it indurates | | we indurate | | you indurate | | they indurate |
| Preterite |
|---|
| I indurated | | you indurated | | he/she/it indurated | | we indurated | | you indurated | | they indurated |
| Present Continuous |
|---|
| I am indurating | | you are indurating | | he/she/it is indurating | | we are indurating | | you are indurating | | they are indurating |
| Present Perfect |
|---|
| I have indurated | | you have indurated | | he/she/it has indurated | | we have indurated | | you have indurated | | they have indurated |
| Past Continuous |
|---|
| I was indurating | | you were indurating | | he/she/it was indurating | | we were indurating | | you were indurating | | they were indurating |
| Past Perfect |
|---|
| I had indurated | | you had indurated | | he/she/it had indurated | | we had indurated | | you had indurated | | they had indurated |
| Future |
|---|
| I will indurate | | you will indurate | | he/she/it will indurate | | we will indurate | | you will indurate | | they will indurate |
| Future Perfect |
|---|
| I will have indurated | | you will have indurated | | he/she/it will have indurated | | we will have indurated | | you will have indurated | | they will have indurated |
| Future Continuous |
|---|
| I will be indurating | | you will be indurating | | he/she/it will be indurating | | we will be indurating | | you will be indurating | | they will be indurating |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I have been indurating | | you have been indurating | | he/she/it has been indurating | | we have been indurating | | you have been indurating | | they have been indurating |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I will have been indurating | | you will have been indurating | | he/she/it will have been indurating | | we will have been indurating | | you will have been indurating | | they will have been indurating |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I had been indurating | | you had been indurating | | he/she/it had been indurating | | we had been indurating | | you had been indurating | | they had been indurating |
| Conditional |
|---|
| I would indurate | | you would indurate | | he/she/it would indurate | | we would indurate | | you would indurate | | they would indurate |
| Past Conditional |
|---|
| I would have indurated | | you would have indurated | | he/she/it would have indurated | | we would have indurated | | you would have indurated | | they would have indurated |
Thesaurus| Verb | 1. | indurate - become fixed or established; "indurated customs"change - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night" | | 2. | indurate - make hard or harder; "The cold hardened the butter"hardenchange - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night"face-harden - harden steel by adding carboncallus - cause a callus to form on; "The long march had callused his feet"anneal, temper, normalize - bring to a desired consistency, texture, or hardness by a process of gradually heating and cooling; "temper glass"harden, indurate - become hard or harder; "The wax hardened" | | 3. | indurate - become hard or harder; "The wax hardened"hardenchange - undergo a change; become different in essence; losing one's or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night"encrust, incrust - form a crust or a hard layercallus - form a callus or calluses; "His foot callused"harden, indurate - make hard or harder; "The cold hardened the butter"calcify - become impregnated with calcium saltscure - make (substances) hard and improve their usability; "cure resin"; "cure cement"; "cure soap" | | 4. | indurate - cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate; "He was inured to the cold"inure, hardencallous, cauterise, cauterize - make insensitive or callous; deaden feelings or moralsbrace oneself for, prepare for, steel oneself against, steel onself for - prepare mentally or emotionally for something unpleasantaccustom, habituate - make psychologically or physically used (to something); "She became habituated to the background music" | | Adj. | 1. | indurate - emotionally hardened; "a callous indifference to suffering"; "cold-blooded and indurate to public opinion"callous, pachydermatousinsensitive - deficient in human sensibility; not mentally or morally sensitive; "insensitive to the needs of the patients" |
indurateverb1. To make or become physically hard:cake, concrete, congeal, dry, harden, petrify, set, solidify.2. To make resistant to hardship, especially through continued exposure:acclimate, acclimatize, caseharden, harden, season, toughen.EncyclopediaSeeindurationindurateenUK
indurate (ĭn′dū-rāt) [L. in, in, + durus, hard] 1. To harden.2. Hardened.indurateenUK
Related to indurate: ignescent, obdurateSynonyms for indurateverb to make or become physically hardSynonyms- cake
- concrete
- congeal
- dry
- harden
- petrify
- set
- solidify
verb to make resistant to hardship, especially through continued exposureSynonyms- acclimate
- acclimatize
- caseharden
- harden
- season
- toughen
Synonyms for indurateverb become fixed or establishedRelated Wordsverb make hard or harderSynonymsRelated Words- change
- face-harden
- callus
- anneal
- temper
- normalize
- harden
- indurate
verb become hard or harderSynonymsRelated Words- change
- encrust
- incrust
- callus
- harden
- indurate
- calcify
- cure
verb cause to accept or become hardened toSynonymsRelated Words- callous
- cauterise
- cauterize
- brace oneself for
- prepare for
- steel oneself against
- steel onself for
- accustom
- habituate
adj emotionally hardenedSynonymsRelated Words |