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单词 imprinting
释义

imprinting


im·print

I0066900 (ĭm-prĭnt′)v. im·print·ed, im·print·ing, im·prints v.tr.1. To produce (a mark or pattern) on a surface by pressure.2. To produce a mark on (a surface) by pressure.3. To impart a strong or vivid impression of: "We imprint our own ideas onto acts" (Ellen Goodman).4. To fix firmly, as in the mind: He tried to imprint the telephone number in his memory.5. To cause (a very young animal) to recognize and be attracted to another animal or to an object identified as the parent. Often used with on.6. To modify (a gene) chemically, as by DNA methylation, affecting the gene's expression in offspring.v.intr. To become imprinted on another animal or on an object identified as the parent. Used of newborn or very young animals. Often used with on: lab animals that imprint on researchers.n. (ĭm′prĭnt′)1. A mark or pattern produced by imprinting; an impression.2. A distinguishing influence or effect: Spanish architecture that shows the imprint of Islamic rule.3. A chemical modification of a gene affecting the gene's expression in offspring. 4. a. A publisher's name, often with the date, address, and edition, printed at the bottom of a title page of a publication.b. A publishing business with a unique name, usually owned by a larger publishing firm: started a paperback imprint for young-adult novels.
[Middle English emprenten, from Old French empreinter, from empreinte, impression, from feminine past participle of empreindre, to print, from Latin imprimere, to impress; see impress1.]

imprinting

(ɪmˈprɪntɪŋ) n (Zoology) the development through exceptionally fast learning in young animals of recognition of and attraction to members of their own species or to surrogates

im•print•ing

(ɪmˈprɪn tɪŋ)

n. rapid learning that occurs during a brief receptive period, typically in early life, and that establishes a long-lasting behavioral response to a specific individual, object, or category of stimuli, as attachment to a parent or preference for a type of habitat. [1937; translation of German Prägung, K. Lorenz's term]
Thesaurus
Noun1.imprinting - a learning process in early life whereby species specific patterns of behavior are establishedlearning, acquisition - the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge; "the child's acquisition of language"
Translations
formazione
IdiomsSeeimprint

imprinting


imprinting,

acquisition of behavior in many animal species, in which, at a critical period early in life, the animals form strong and lasting attachments. Imprinting is important for normal social development. The term was first used by the zoologist Konrad Lorenz to describe the way in which the social characteristics of greylag geese and other fowl become instilled in their young offspring (see ethologyethology,
study of animal behavior based on the systematic observation, recording, and analysis of how animals function, with special attention to physiological, ecological, and evolutionary aspects.
..... Click the link for more information. ). In natural circumstances imprinting, to the mother, food, or surroundings, occurs instinctively during a biologically fixed time span; it is very difficult to extinguish. Under experimental conditions chicks and ducklings readily become imprinted to an appropriate model such as a moving decoy or a human being. Subsequent learning may be tied to and reinforced by the imprinted object, and later social behaviors, such as the greeting ceremony and courtship, may be directed exclusively to the mother-substitute. In fowl, attachment increases with the amount of effort the offspring must exert to follow the imprinted object. The onset of fear in an organism is believed to end the period of imprintability. There is evidence that in fowl the imprinting period begins before hatching and is characterized by vocal communication between mother and unhatched ducklings.

Imprinting

 

in ethology (the science of animal behavior), a specific form of learning in animals; the fixation in the animal’s memory of the distinctive features of objects at which instinctive behavioral actions are directed. Such objects are the parents (simultaneously serving as bearers of the characteristic traits of the species), siblings (offspring of the same litter), future sexual partners (male or female), food (including prey), and natural enemies (the external appearance of the enemy is imprinted in conjunction with the warning cries of the parents), as well as, possibly, the characteristic traits of the usual place of habitation (birth). The best studied and most noticeable form of imprinting is the following response of newly hatched birds or mammal offspring, whereby they follow their parents or one another. The fixation in imprinting of the distinctive features of objects usually occurs in the early stages of life, most often soon after birth, and is possible only during a definite, limited period—the “sensitive” or “critical” period. As a rule, the result of imprinting cannot be changed in the future (the “irreversibility” of the results of imprinting).

The term “imprinting” in traditional psychology is used in the sense of the fixation of certain information in the memory.

REFERENCES

Slonim, A. D. Osnovy obshchei ekologicheskoi fiziologii mlekopitaiushchikh. Moscow-Leningrad, 1961.
Tinbergen, N. Povedenie zhivotnykh. Moscow, 1969. (Translated from English.)
Lorenz, K. Über tierisches und menschliches Verhalten, vols. 1–2. Munich, 1965.
Sluckin, W. Imprinting and Early Learning. Chicago, 1965.

K. E. FABRI

imprinting

[im′print·iŋ] (psychology) The very rapid development of a response or learning pattern to a stimulus at an early and usually critical period of development; particularly characteristic of some species of birds.

imprinting


imprinting

 [im´print-ing] a rapid kind of learning of certain species-specific behavior patterns that occurs with exposure to the proper stimulus at a critical stage of early life.

im·print·ing

(im'print-ing), A particular kind of learning characterized by its occurrence in the first few hours of life; determines species-recognition behavior.

imprinting

Molecular biology The variable phenotypic expression of a gene, depending on paternal or maternal origin, a function of the methylation pattern; imprinted regions are more methylated and less transcriptionally active; the 'imprints' are erased and generated in early embryonic development of mammals Examples Insulin-like growth factor-2 and its receptor, fragile X syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelmann/happy puppet syndrome, Wilms' tumor. See Allele, Gene, Genomic imprinting, Inheritance, Locus Psychology Developmental learning restricted to certain early, critical or sensitive time periods of life, which stops when definitive learning occurs or when a critical period has passed; it is irreversible and characteristic of the species of organism being imprinted. See Critical period.

im·print·ing

(im'print-ing) A particular kind of learning characterized by its occurrence in the first few hours of life, which determines species-recognition behavior.

imprinting

1. The rapid early development in young animals of recognition of the ability to recognize and to be attracted to others of their own species or to similar surrogates. 2. In genetics, changes that occur in a gene in passing through the egg or the sperm so that maternal and paternal alleles differ at the start of embryonic life.

imprinting

  1. an aspect of learning where there is the rapid development of a response to a particular stimulus at an early stage of development. Young animals ‘recognize’ the first object they see as a mother figure, and they can be ‘imprinted’ by objects other than members of their own species. For example, Konrad LORENZ ‘imprinted’ himself as a mother figure on young greylag geese. Imprinting also occurs in other areas of experience, for example, bird song, where young, inexperienced birds have adult calls ‘imprinted’ on them.
  2. see GENOMIC IMPRINTING.

Imprinting

Process that silences a gene or group of genes. The genes are silenced depending on if they are inherited through the egg or the sperm.Mentioned in: Prader-Willi Syndrome

imprinting


  • noun

Words related to imprinting

noun a learning process in early life whereby species specific patterns of behavior are established

Related Words

  • learning
  • acquisition
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更新时间：2024/12/31 23:23:41