| 单词 | homeopathy | |||
| 释义 | homeopathyenUKho·me·op·a·thyH0251600 (hō′mē-ŏp′ə-thē)homeopathy(ˌhəʊmɪˈɒpəθɪ) orhomoeopathyho•me•op•a•thy(ˌhoʊ miˈɒp ə θi)n. ho·me·op·a·thy(hō′mē-ŏp′ə-thē)homeopathy, homoeopathyhomeopathy
homeopathy→ 顺势疗法zhCNhomeopathyenUKhomeopathy(hōmēŏp`əthē), system of medicine whose fundamental principle is the law of similars—that like is cured by like. It was first given practical application by Samuel Hahnemann of Leipzig, Germany, in the early 19th cent. and was designated homeopathy to distinguish it from the established school of medicine which he called allopathy. The American Institute of Homeopathy was founded in 1844, and the practice of homeopathy was popularized in the United States by the physician and senator Royal S. Copeland (1868–1938). It had been observed that quinine given to a healthy person causes the same symptoms that malaria does in a person suffering from that disease; therefore quinine became the preferred treatment in malaria. When a drug was found to produce the same symptoms as did a certain disease, it was then used in very small doses in the treatment of that disease. U.S. medical schools do not presently emphasize the homeopathic approach, although it has become popular among some physicians in European and Asian nations and is widely used by the public in over-the-counter medications.BibliographySee N. Robins, Copeland's Cure: Homeopathy and the War between Conventional and Alternative Medicine (2005). Homeopathya system of treating disease with small, frequently taken doses of medicines, which in large doses produce in healthy persons phenomena similar to the symptoms of the disease itself. Homeopathy was founded by the German physician S. Hahnemann at the beginning of the 19th century. Hahnemann considered it necessary to act on individual manifestations of disease, since he regarded diseases as a disruption of the spiritual “life force,” which is not susceptible to therapeutic influence. The basis of homeopathy is the principle of like curing like (similia similibus curantur). Thus, in order to establish that manifestations of disease are produced by a particular medication (“pathogenesis of medications,” according to Hahnemann), it is necessary to introduce the medication into a healthy person in toxic doses. However, it is well known that the effects of many medications on a diseased organism are different from their effects on a healthy one. Modern scientific medicine is based on the principle of causative (pathogenetic) treatment, that is, it attempts to act not on individual manifestations but on the causes and developmental mechanisms of the disease. The effect of medications on the diseased organism is the subject of clinical pharmacology, which studies the effects of therapeutic and not toxic doses. Another proposition of homeopathy set forth by Hahnemann was the idea that the strength of a medication’s effect supposedly increased in proportion to the decrease in its dosage (potentiation), which is achieved by large dilutions according to the so-called centesimal scale, each succeeding dilution decreasing the content of the initial substance 100 times. Hahnemann went as far as the 30th dilution, which contained a decillionth part of medication. Practicing modern homeopaths have essentially renounced the theoretical bases laid down in Hahnemann’s teaching. At homeopathic congresses in 1836, 1896, and 1901, a number of Hahnemann’s propositions were subjected to review, in view of their unscientific character and their preconceptions. In homeopathic practice deep potentiation is not used but only dilution by from three to six times; the effect of homeopathic medicines in certain instances may be explained by suggestion and autosuggestion. Numerous attempts to verify in clinics the methods and medications used in homeopathy have not yielded positive results. The assortment of medications used in modern homeopathy differs but little from the inventory of medications known at the beginning of the 19th century. REFERENCEKogan, D. A. Gomeopatiia i sovremennaia meditsina. Moscow, 1964.M. M. LEVIT homeopathy[‚hō·mē′äp·ə·thē]homeopathy, homoeopathywww.homeopathy.org homeopathyenUKhomeopathy[ho″me-op´ah-the] ho·me·op·a·thy(hō'mē-op'ă-thē),homeopathy(hō′mē-ŏp′ə-thē)homeopathyAlternative medicineA system of healthcare formulated by German physician Samuel CF Hahnemann (1755–1843), considered heretical for its opposition to the medical therapy of the time, which consisted of blood-letting, emetics and cathartics. Homeopathy is based on the principle of similia similibus curantur, “like cures like”—i.e., a disease caused by a substance (e.g., arsenic) can be cured by that same substance in highly diluted doses. Homeopathy was popular in the US until the early 20th century, after which time is was suppressed by mainstream medicine; it continued to be popular in Europe, Brazil, Argentina, and India, and has recently resurged in popularity in the US. The World Health Organisation says that homeopathy should not be used to treat serious diseases, specifically AIDS, diarrhoea, flu, malaria and tuberculosis. A meta-analysis of 107 controlled trials of homeopathy (from 1966 to 1990) vaguely suggest that homeopathy may provide some benefit in treating allergies, chronic problems, mild deficiency states, mental disorders, hay fever, pain, rheumatologic disease, cardiovascular disease, upper respiratory tract and other infections, recuperation from surgery and other conditions. Anecdotal reports suggest that homeopathy may also be effective in treating such diverse conditions as acidity, acne, addiction disorders, adenoids, agoraphobia, anaemia, anxiety, arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis, athletes’ foot, baldness, bedwetting, bereavement, bipolar disorder (manic-depressive disorder), bites and stings, bladder problems, blisters, bone fractures, bronchitis, bruxism, bruises, burns, bursitis, candidiasis, chickenpox, chronic fatigue syndrome, claustrophobia, common cold, constipation, conjunctivitis, cough, cramps, depression, earache, eczema, eyestrain, fainting, fatigue, fever, flatulence, fluid retention, food poisoning, frozen shoulder, gallstones, gastrointestinal tract problems (including gastritis, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, constipation, diarrhoea and irritable bowl syndrome), gout, halitosis, headaches, heat rash, heartburn, haemorrhoids, hives, hyperactivity, hypertension, infertility, insomnia, jaundice, laryngitis, measles, menopausal disorders, menstrual defects, migraines, mood swings, mumps, neurologic complaints, obesity, panic attacks, phobias, postpartum depression, premenstrual syndrome, prostate disease, slipped or prolapsed vertebral disks, psoriasis, renal disease, sciatica, sexual problems, shock, shortness of breath, sinusitis, sleep disorders, sports injuries, stasis (decubitus) ulcers, stress, tension, thyroid disease, tics, tinnitus, travel sickness, urinary incontinence, vaginitis, vertigo, viral infections, wheezing and whooping cough. Types of Homeopathy • Classical homeopathy This form is closest to Hahnemann’s original precepts, as it seeks to identify and the use of constitutional remedies; these are selected based on an in-depth interview, which provides information on current symptoms as well as psychological, emotional, physical and familial background. • Combination homeopathy (Formula homeopathy) The admixture of two to eight homeopathic remedies known to be effective against a particular condition (e.g., arthritic pain, dry cough, earache, tension headache, etc.), with the hope that one will have an effect on the symptoms affecting the patient. • Nonclassical homeopathy A format of homeopathy that is somewhat similar in philosophy to mainstream medicine, in that the remedy is chosen based on the nature of the condition and whether it is acute or chronic, rather than on the individual’s constitution. • Single-remedy homeopathy A permutation of classical homeopathy in which only acute conditions are treated and with single agents; the single-remedy format is well-suited for self-treatment by a knowledgeable home practitioner. ho·me·op·a·thy(hō'mē-op'ă-thē)Homeopathyho·me·op·a·thy(hō'mē-op'ă-thē)homeopathyenUK
Synonyms for homeopathy
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