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infectious mononucleosis
infectious mononucleosisn. A common, acute, infectious disease, usually affecting young people, caused by Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and lymphocyte abnormalities. Also called glandular fever.infectious mononucleosis n (Pathology) an acute infectious disease, caused by Epstein-Barr virus, characterized by fever, sore throat, swollen and painful lymph nodes, and abnormal lymphocytes in the blood. Also called: glandular fever infec′tious mononucleo′sis
n. an acute infectious form of mononucleosis associated with Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by sudden fever and a benign swelling of lymph nodes. [1915–20] infectious mononucleosisAn acute infection by a herpes virus that results in symptoms such as lethargy, painful swollen lymph nodes, and may last for a long time.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  infectious mononucleosis - an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissingglandular fever, kissing disease, mono, mononucleosisinfectious disease - a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact |
Translationsinfectious mononucleosis
mononucleosis, infectious (mŏn'əno͞o'klēō`sĭs), acute infectious disease of older children and young adults, occurring sporadically or in epidemic form, also known as mono, glandular fever, and kissing disease. The causative organism is a herpesvirus known as Epstein-Barr virusEpstein-Barr virus
(EBV), herpesvirus that is the major cause of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with a number of cancers, particularly lymphomas in immunosuppressed persons, including persons with AIDS.
..... Click the link for more information. . The disease occurs most often in patients between the ages of 15 and 35. The virus is present in the saliva; it is usually spread by sharing a glass or kissing. Symptoms usually take 30 to 50 days to develop. Diagnosis of mononucleosis follows the exhibition of a large number of abnormal white blood cells (lymphocytes) on microscopic blood examination. These blood cells have a single nucleus that give the disease its name. Symptoms are varied but include enlarged lymph nodes, sore throat, fever, enlarged spleen in about half the cases, and excessive fatigue. Occasional rashes and throat and mouth infections occur. Liver inflammation is common. Fatalities are very rare and, when they do occur, usually result from splenic rupture. General therapeutic measures include bed rest and treatment of symptoms. Infectious mononucleosis A disease of children and young adults, characterized by fever and enlarged lymph nodes and spleen. EB (Epstein-Barr) herpesvirus is the causative agent. Onset of the disease is slow and nonspecific with variable fever and malaise; later, cervical lymph nodes enlarge, and in about 50% of cases the spleen also becomes enlarged. The disease lasts 4–20 days or longer. Epidemics are common in institutions where young people live. EB virus infections occurring in early childhood are usually asymptomatic. In later childhood and adolescence, the disease more often accompanies infection—although even at these ages inapparent infections are common. See Epstein-Barr virus Mononucleosis, Infectious also monocytic angina, glandular fever, or Filatov’s disease (named for N. F. Filatov, who described it in 1885), an acute infectious disease accompanied by fever, sore throat, enlargement of the lymph nodes, and characteristic changes in blood composition. The agent is most likely a filterable virus pathogenic to humans and the Anthropoidea. Infected individuals and healthy individuals that are carriers are the source of the disease, which is transmitted by airborne droplets through sneezing and coughing; children are most often affected. The virus penetrates the blood vessels through the mucosa of the respiratory tract, spreads through the bloodstream, and affects the lymph nodes. After an incubation period of six to 18 days, malaise sets in accompanied by fever and soreness of the throat upon swallowing. A thin coating appears on the tonsils. A characteristic sign of the disease is the enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes, which are not tender, are not matted to one another, and never suppurate. Sometimes there are rashes on the skin and mucosa, which are frequently caused by petechial hemorrhage; the liver and spleen are enlarged. A characteristic change in the blood is the increase in the number of leukocytes, among which are large numbers of mononuclear cells whose structure is similar to that of lymphocytes and monocytes. The fever lasts from a few days to three or four weeks. Most of those infected by the disease recover without complications. There is no specific treatment; patients are isolated during the entire course of the disease. infectious mononucleosis[in′fek·shəs ‚män·ō‚nü·klē′ō·səs] (medicine) A disorder of unknown etiology characterized by irregular fever, pathology of lymph nodes, lymphocytosis, and high serum levels of heterophil antibodies against sheep erythrocytes. Also known as acute benign lymphoblastosis; glandular fever; kissing disease; lymphocytic angina; monocytic angina; Pfeiffer's disease. infectious mononucleosis an acute infectious disease, caused by Epstein-Barr virus, characterized by fever, sore throat, swollen and painful lymph nodes, and abnormal lymphocytes in the blood infectious mononucleosis
Infectious Mononucleosis DefinitionInfectious mononucleosis is a contagious illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus that can affect the liver, lymph nodes, and oral cavity. While mononucleosis is not usually a serious disease, its primary symptoms of fatigue and lack of energy can linger for several months.DescriptionInfectious mononucleosis, frequently called "mono" or the "kissing disease," is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) found in saliva and mucus. The virus affects a type of white blood cell called the B lymphocyte producing characteristic atypical lymphocytes that may be useful in the diagnosis of the disease.While anyone, even young children, can develop mononucleosis, it occurs most often in young adults between the ages of 15 and 35 and is especially common in teenagers. The mononucleosis infection rate among college students who have not previously been exposed to EBV has been estimated to be about 15%. In younger children, the illness may not be recognized.The disease typically runs its course in four to six weeks in people with normally functioning immune systems. People with weakened or suppressed immune systems, such as AIDS patients or those who have had organ transplants, are particularly vulnerable to the potentially serious complications of infectious mononucleosis.Causes and symptomsThe EBV that causes mononucleosis is related to a group of herpes viruses, including those that cause cold sores, chicken pox, and shingles. Most people are exposed to EBV at some point during their lives. Mononucleosis is most commonly spread by contact with virus-infected saliva through coughing, sneezing, kissing, or sharing drinking glasses or eating utensils.In addition to general weakness and fatigue, symptoms of mononucleosis may include any or all of the following:- Sore throat and/or swollen tonsils
- Fever and chills
- Nausea and vomiting, or decreased appetite
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits
- Headaches or joint pain
- Enlarged spleen
- Jaundice
- Skin rash.
Complications that can occur with mononucleosis include a temporarily enlarged spleen or inflamed liver. In rare instances, the spleen may rupture, producing sharp pain on the left side of the abdomen, a symptom that warrants immediate medical attention. Additional symptoms of a ruptured spleen include light headedness, rapidly beating heart, and difficulty breathing. Other rare, but potentially life-threatening, complications may involve the heart or brain. The infection may also cause significant destruction of the body's red blood cells or platelets.Symptoms do not usually appear until four to seven weeks after exposure to EBV. An infected person can be contagious during this incubation time period and for as many as five months after the disappearance of symptoms. Also, the virus will be excreted in the saliva intermittently for the rest of their lives, although the individual will experience no symptoms. Contrary to popular belief, the EBV is not highly contagious. As a result, individuals living in a household or college dormitory with someone who has mononucleosis have a very small risk of being infected unless they have direct contact with the person's saliva.DiagnosisIf symptoms associated with a cold persist longer than two weeks, mononucleosis is a possibility; however, a variety of other conditions can produce similar symptoms. If mononucleosis is suspected, a physician will typically conduct a physical examination, including a "Monospot" antibody blood test that can indicate the presence of proteins or antibodies produced in response to infection with the EBV. These antibodies may not be detectable, however, until the second or third weeks of the illness. Occasionally, when this test is inconclusive, other blood tests may be conducted.TreatmentThe most effective treatment for infectious mononucleosis is rest and a gradual return to regular activities. Individuals with mild cases may not require bed rest but should limit their activities. Any strenuous activity, athletic endeavors, or heavy lifting should be avoided until the symptoms completely subside, since excessive activity may cause the spleen to rupture.The sore throat and dehydration that usually accompany mononucleosis may be relieved by drinking water and fruit juices. Gargling salt water or taking throat lozenges may also relieve discomfort. In addition, taking over-the-counter medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may relieve symptoms, but aspirin should be avoided because mononucleosis has been associated with Reye's syndrome, a serious illness aggravated by aspirin.While antibiotics do not affect EBV, the sore throat accompanying mononucleosis can be complicated by a streptococcal infection, which can be treated with antibiotics. Cortisone anti-inflammatory medications are also occasionally prescribed for the treatment of severely swollen tonsils or throat tissues.PrognosisWhile the severity and length of illness varies, most people diagnosed with mononucleosis will be able to return to their normal daily routines within two to three weeks, particularly if they rest during this time period. It may take two to three months before a person's usual energy levels return. One of the most common problems in treating mononucleosis, particularly in teenagers, is that people return to their usual activities too quickly and then experience a relapse of symptoms. Once the disease has completely run its course, the person cannot be re-infected.Key termsAntibody — A specific protein produced by the immune system in response to a specific foreign protein or particle called an antigen.Herpes viruses — A group of viruses that can cause cold sores, shingles, chicken pox, and congenital abnormalities. The Epstein-Barr virus which causes mononucleosis belongs to this group of viruses.Reye's syndrome — A very serious, rare disease, most common in children, which involves an upper respiratory tract infection followed by brain and liver damage.PreventionAlthough there is no way to avoid becoming infected with EBV, paying general attention to good hygiene and avoiding sharing beverage glasses or having close contact with people who have mononucleosis or cold symptoms can help prevent infection.ResourcesOrganizationsNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. Building 31, Room 7A-50, 31 Center Drive MSC 2520, Bethesda, MD 20892-2520. (301) 496-5717. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/default.htm.Other"Communicable Disease Fact Sheet." New York State Department of Health."Mononucleosis: A Tiresome Disease." Mayo Clinic Online. 〈http://www.mayo.ivi.com/mayo/9701/htm/mono.htm〉.mononucleosis [mon″o-noo″kle-o´sis] excess of monocytes" >monocytes in the blood; frequently used alone to refer to infectious mononucleosis.cytomegalovirus mononucleosis a syndrome similar to infectious mononucleosis but caused by infection with cytomegalovirus.infectious mononucleosis an acute infectious disease that causes changes in the leukocytes; it is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and is usually transmitted by direct oral contact (which is why it is sometimes called the “kissing disease”). It occurs more frequently in the spring and affects primarily children and young adults. Although epidemics have been reported, some authorities doubt that the disorder has been the same in all instances. Called also glandular fever.Symptoms. Generally, after an incubation period of one week to several weeks, headache, sore throat, fatigue, severe weakness, and influenzalike symptoms occur. Skin rashes may also occur. Diagnosis can be confirmed by the finding of a marked increase in the number of monocytes in the patient's blood. Besides these normal cells of the lymphocyte class, there is often an increase in atypical lymphocytes. Another diagnostic test that indicates mononucleosis is the paul-bunnell test, which demonstrates the presence of certain antibodies capable of causing clumping of cells in a sample of sheep's blood.
In about 8 to 10 per cent of all cases, the liver is involved and jaundice occurs, resulting in a condition that resembles infectious hepatitis. In rare cases, the heart, lungs, and central nervous system may also be affected. The spleen may become enlarged; one of the complications, serious but rare, is rupture of the spleen. The lymph nodes and spleen may both remain enlarged for sometime after other symptoms have disappeared.Treatment. Treatment is chiefly symptomatic. Rest is especially important in the early stages of the disease, or later if the liver is involved. There is as yet no specific treatment for mononucleosis, and no immunization is available. Headache and sore throat may be relieved by aspirin and gargles. Although the more obvious symptoms may disappear after a period of rest, sufficient rest and curtailed activities must be maintained in order to improve the patient's severely weakened condition and prevent recurrence. There is often mental as well as physical fatigue, especially among students, and in these cases some mental depression may accompany convalescence.
Chronic, lingering infectious mononucleosis occurs in some patients. They experience profound fatigue, low-grade fever, swollen lymph glands, a sore throat, and aching muscles and joints. These symptoms can persist for months or years, and often cause the patient to be labeled neurotic because of a lack of objective evidence of disease. The condition can be definitively diagnosed by blood testing for antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus. Unfortunately, diagnosis can provide psychological relief only, as there is no effective treatment or cure for the disorder.in·fec·tious mon·o·nu·cle·o·sisan acute febrile illness of young adults, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, a member of the Herpesviridae family; frequently spread by saliva transfer; characterized by fever, sore throat, enlargement of lymph nodes and spleen, and leukopenia that changes to lymphocytosis during the second week; the circulating blood usually contains abnormal, large T lymphocytes that resemble monocytes even though B cells are infected, and there is heterophil antibody that may be completely adsorbed on beef erythrocytes, but not on guinea pig kidney antigen. Collections of the characteristic abnormal lymphocytes may be present not only in the lymph nodes and spleen, but in various other sites, such as the meninges, brain, and myocardium. Synonym(s): benign lymphadenosis, glandular feverinfectious mononucleosisn. A common, acute, infectious disease, usually affecting young people, caused by Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and lymphocyte abnormalities. Also called glandular fever.infectious mononucleosis Glandular fever, kissing disease An acute EBV infection, most common in adolescents Epidemiology Spread by kissing; 4 to 8 wk incubation Clinical Fever, sore throat, malaise, fatigue, weakness, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly Lab Monocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, high titers of sheep RBC agglutinins Management Vigorous contact sports should be avoided to prevent splenic rupturein·fec·tious mon·o·nu·cle·o·sis (in-fek'shŭs mon'ō-nū-klē-ō'sis) An acute febrile illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; frequently spread by saliva transfer; characterized by fever, sore throat, enlargement of lymph nodes and spleen, lymphocytosis with abnormal lymphocytes similar to monocytes, and heterophil antibody in serum. infectious mononucleosis See GLANDULAR FEVER.in·fec·tious mon·o·nu·cle·o·sis (in-fek'shŭs mon'ō-nū-klē-ō'sis) Acute febrile illness of young adults, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; frequently spread by saliva transfer; characterized by fever, sore throat, enlargement of lymph nodes and spleen, and leukopenia that changes to lymphocytosis during the second week. Patient discussion about infectious mononucleosisQ. What is the connection between fibromyalgia and glandular fever? How can you protect yourself from this viral infection?A. There is a notion that some of the autoimmune conditions are caused by a trigger in the shape of a virus. Like the papiloma virus and cervical cancer. So there might be a connection between fibromyalgia and a virus. Q. can mono kill you if it gets to the liver? otherwise known as the kissing desiaes.A. It can be fatal, not necessarily through infecting the liver but through rupture of enlarged spleen or obstruction of the throat, or through the development of cancer (e.g. lymphoma) later in life.
However, these complications are very rare, and most people recover from the disease without major complications.
You can read more here: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/infectiousmononucleosis.html More discussions about infectious mononucleosisAcronymsSeeiron maninfectious mononucleosis
Related to infectious mononucleosis: diphtheriaSynonyms for infectious mononucleosisnoun an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstreamSynonyms- glandular fever
- kissing disease
- mono
- mononucleosis
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