apomorphine hydrochloride

APO-go (UK), Apokyn

Pharmacologic class: Dopaminergic, dopamine-receptor agonist

Therapeutic class: Antiparkinsonian

Pregnancy risk category C

Action

Unclear. May stimulate postsynaptic dopamine D₂-type receptors in caudate-putamen of brain.

Availability

Ampules: 10 mg/ml in 2- and 3-ml cartridges

Indications and dosages

➣ Acute intermittent treatment of hypomobility and "off" ("end-of-dose wearing off" and unpredictable "on/off") episodes associated with Parkinson's disease

Adults: 0.2-ml (2-mg) test dose injected subcutaneously during "off" state in setting where medical personnel can monitor blood pressure. If patient tolerates test dose, give 0.2 ml subcutaneously p.r.n. to treat "off" episodes no sooner than 2 hours after previous dose. Establish dosage based on tolerance and efficacy; increase in 0.1-ml (1 mg) increments, usually to 0.3 to 0.4 ml. Maximum dosage, 0.6 ml up to five times daily.

Patient who tolerates but doesn't respond to test dose may receive 0.4 ml (4 mg) at next observed "off" period, but no sooner than 2 hours after initial 0.2-ml test dose. If patient tolerates 0.4-ml test dose, give starting dosage of 0.3 ml (3 mg) p.r.n. to treat "off" episodes. If needed, increase in increments of 0.1 ml every few days on outpatient basis.

If patient doesn't tolerate 0.4-ml test dose, 0.3-ml test dose may be given during separate "off" period no sooner than 2 hours after 0.4-ml test dose.

If patient tolerates 0.3-ml test dose, starting dosage should be 0.2 ml p.r.n. to treat existing "off" episodes. If needed and if patient tolerates 0.2-ml dose, dosage can be increased to 0.3 ml after several days; in this case, it ordinarily shouldn't be increased to 0.4 ml on outpatient basis.

Dosage adjustment

• Mild or moderate renal impairment

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug or its components

• Concurrent use of 5-hydroxytryptamine₃ (5-HT₃) antagonists (such as alosetron, dolasetron, granisetron, ondansetron, palonosetron)

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• renal or hepatic impairment

• pregnant or breastfeeding patients

• children (safety and efficacy not established).

Administration

• If prescribed, give trimethobenzamide (antiemetic) for 3 days before starting apomorphine and continuing throughout therapy.

• Give only by subcutaneous injection.

See Don't give I.V. because this may cause serious adverse events, such as I.V. crystallization of apomorphine, leading to thrombus formation and pulmonary embolism.

• Titrate dosage based on efficacy and patient tolerance.

• Check supine and standing blood pressure before giving test dose and 20, 40, and 60 minutes after. If patient experiences clinically significant orthostatic hypotension in response to test dose, don't give drug.

Adverse reactions

CNS: drowsiness, somnolence, dizziness, hallucinations, confusion, syncope, dyskinesias

CV: orthostatic hypotension, chest pain, chest pressure, angina, cardiac valvulopathy

EENT: rhinorrhea

GI: nausea, vomiting, retroperitoneal fibrosis

GU: priapism

Respiratory: pulmonary infiltrates, pleural effusion, pleural thickening

Other: yawning, edema of extremities, injection site reactions, abuse potential, allergic reactions

Interactions

Drug-drug. Antihypertensive agents, vasodilators: increased incidence of hypotension, myocardial infarction, serious pneumonia, serious falls, bone and joint injuries

Dopamine antagonists: decreased apomorphine efficacy

5-HT₃ antagonists: profound hypotension

Drug-behaviors. Alcohol use: additive drowsiness and somnolence

Patient monitoring

• Monitor for serious cardiovascular and respiratory adverse reactions.

• Monitor for unexpected somnolence, which may interfere with daily activities.

Patient teaching

• Instruct patient to take drug as described in patient instruction leaflet.

• Make sure patient knows that dosages are in milliliters, not milligrams.

• Instruct patient to rotate injection site.

• Inform patient that drug may cause hallucinations and unexpected sleepiness.

• Tell patient that drug may cause blood pressure to drop. Caution him to rise slowly from sitting or lying position.

• Urge patient to consult prescriber before taking other drugs.

• Caution patient not to use alcohol during therapy.

• Advise patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until drug effects are known.

• As appropriate, review all other significant adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs mentioned above.

ap·o·mor·phine hy·dro·chlor·ide

(ap'ō-mōr'fēn hī'drō-klōr'īd), A derivative of morphine used as an emetic by the parenteral route of administration.

apomorphine hydrochloride

A grayish white powder that becomes green on exposure to water or air. An emetic, it was formerly used to treat oral overdoses. In small doses it may be used as an expectorant. See also: apomorphine

单词	apomorphine hydrochloride
释义	DictionarySeeapomorphine apomorphine hydrochloride apomorphine hydrochloride APO-go (UK), Apokyn *Pharmacologic class:* Dopaminergic, dopamine-receptor agonist *Therapeutic class:* Antiparkinsonian *Pregnancy risk category C* Action Unclear. May stimulate postsynaptic dopamine D₂-type receptors in caudate-putamen of brain. Availability Ampules: 10 mg/ml in 2- and 3-ml cartridges Indications and dosages ➣ Acute intermittent treatment of hypomobility and "off" ("end-of-dose wearing off" and unpredictable "on/off") episodes associated with Parkinson's disease Adults: 0.2-ml (2-mg) test dose injected subcutaneously during "off" state in setting where medical personnel can monitor blood pressure. If patient tolerates test dose, give 0.2 ml subcutaneously p.r.n. to treat "off" episodes no sooner than 2 hours after previous dose. Establish dosage based on tolerance and efficacy; increase in 0.1-ml (1 mg) increments, usually to 0.3 to 0.4 ml. Maximum dosage, 0.6 ml up to five times daily. Patient who tolerates but doesn't respond to test dose may receive 0.4 ml (4 mg) at next observed "off" period, but no sooner than 2 hours after initial 0.2-ml test dose. If patient tolerates 0.4-ml test dose, give starting dosage of 0.3 ml (3 mg) p.r.n. to treat "off" episodes. If needed, increase in increments of 0.1 ml every few days on outpatient basis. If patient doesn't tolerate 0.4-ml test dose, 0.3-ml test dose may be given during separate "off" period no sooner than 2 hours after 0.4-ml test dose. If patient tolerates 0.3-ml test dose, starting dosage should be 0.2 ml p.r.n. to treat existing "off" episodes. If needed and if patient tolerates 0.2-ml dose, dosage can be increased to 0.3 ml after several days; in this case, it ordinarily shouldn't be increased to 0.4 ml on outpatient basis. Dosage adjustment • Mild or moderate renal impairment Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to drug or its components • Concurrent use of 5-hydroxytryptamine₃ (5-HT₃) antagonists (such as alosetron, dolasetron, granisetron, ondansetron, palonosetron) Precautions Use cautiously in: • renal or hepatic impairment • pregnant or breastfeeding patients • children (safety and efficacy not established). Administration • If prescribed, give trimethobenzamide (antiemetic) for 3 days before starting apomorphine and continuing throughout therapy. • Give only by subcutaneous injection. See Don't give I.V. because this may cause serious adverse events, such as I.V. crystallization of apomorphine, leading to thrombus formation and pulmonary embolism. • Titrate dosage based on efficacy and patient tolerance. • Check supine and standing blood pressure before giving test dose and 20, 40, and 60 minutes after. If patient experiences clinically significant orthostatic hypotension in response to test dose, don't give drug. Adverse reactions CNS: drowsiness, somnolence, dizziness, hallucinations, confusion, syncope, dyskinesias CV: orthostatic hypotension, chest pain, chest pressure, angina, cardiac valvulopathy EENT: rhinorrhea GI: nausea, vomiting, retroperitoneal fibrosis GU: priapism Respiratory: pulmonary infiltrates, pleural effusion, pleural thickening Other: yawning, edema of extremities, injection site reactions, abuse potential, allergic reactions Interactions Drug-drug. Antihypertensive agents, vasodilators: increased incidence of hypotension, myocardial infarction, serious pneumonia, serious falls, bone and joint injuries Dopamine antagonists: decreased apomorphine efficacy 5-HT₃ antagonists: profound hypotension Drug-behaviors. Alcohol use: additive drowsiness and somnolence Patient monitoring • Monitor for serious cardiovascular and respiratory adverse reactions. • Monitor for unexpected somnolence, which may interfere with daily activities. Patient teaching • Instruct patient to take drug as described in patient instruction leaflet. • Make sure patient knows that dosages are in milliliters, not milligrams. • Instruct patient to rotate injection site. • Inform patient that drug may cause hallucinations and unexpected sleepiness. • Tell patient that drug may cause blood pressure to drop. Caution him to rise slowly from sitting or lying position. • Urge patient to consult prescriber before taking other drugs. • Caution patient not to use alcohol during therapy. • Advise patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until drug effects are known. • As appropriate, review all other significant adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs mentioned above. ap·o·mor·phine hy·dro·chlor·ide (ap'ō-mōr'fēn hī'drō-klōr'īd), A derivative of morphine used as an emetic by the parenteral route of administration. apomorphine hydrochloride A grayish white powder that becomes green on exposure to water or air. An emetic, it was formerly used to treat oral overdoses. In small doses it may be used as an expectorant. See also: apomorphine
随便看	yakutat city & borough, alaska yakut autonomous republic yakut autonomous soviet socialist republic yakutia yakut republic yakuts yakutsk yakutsk exile yakutsk protest of 1904 yakutsk, russia yakutsk tragedy of 1889 yakutsk, university of yakut state academy of agriculture yakuv yakuza yal yala yalah yala national park yalb yalberton yalc yalca yald yaldabaoth