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Oregon


Or·e·gon

O0113300 (ôr′ĭ-gən, -gŏn′, ŏr′-) Abbr. OR or Ore. A state of the northwest United States in the Pacific Northwest. It was admitted as the 33rd state in 1859. Claimed by the United States after Capt. Robert Gray explored the mouth of the Columbia River in 1792, the area was further explored by Lewis and Clark in 1805 and was soon the site of fur-trading posts. The Oregon Country, a region encompassing all the land from the California border to Alaska and the Pacific Ocean to the Rocky Mountains, was held jointly by Great Britain and the United States from 1818 until 1846, when the international boundary was fixed at the 49th parallel. In 1848 the Oregon Territory was created, including all of present-day Washington and Idaho. The state's current boundaries were established in 1853. Salem is the capital and Portland the largest city.
Or′e·go′ni·an (-gō′nē-ən) adj. & n.

Oregon

(ˈɒrɪɡən) n (Placename) a state of the northwestern US, on the Pacific: consists of the Coast and Cascade Ranges in the west and a plateau in the east; important timber production. Capital: Salem. Pop: 3 559 596 (2003 est). Area: 251 418 sq km (97 073 sq miles). Abbreviation: Oreg. or OR (with zip code)

Or•e•gon

(ˈɔr ɪ gən, -ˌgɒn, ˈɒr-)

n. a state in the NW United States, on the Pacific coast. 3,421,399; 96,981 sq. mi. (251,180 sq. km). Cap.: Salem. Abbr.: OR, Oreg., Ore. Or•e•go•ni•an (ˌɔr ɪˈgoʊ ni ən, ˌɒr-) adj., n.
Thesaurus
Noun1.Oregon - a state in northwestern United States on the PacificOregon - a state in northwestern United States on the PacificBeaver State, ORPacific Northwest - a region of the northwestern United States usually including Washington and Oregon and sometimes southwestern British ColumbiaCrater Lake National Park - a national park in Oregon having the deepest lake in the United States in the crater of an extinct volcanoU.S.A., United States, United States of America, US, USA, America, the States, U.S. - North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776Bend - a town in central Oregon at the eastern foot of the Cascade RangeEugene - a city in western Oregon on the Willamette River; site of a universityKlamath Falls - a town in southern Oregon near the California borderMedford - a town in southwestern Oregon; a summer resortPortland - freshwater port and largest city in Oregon; located in northwestern Oregon on the Willamette River which divides the city into east and west sections; renowned for its beautiful natural setting among the mountainscapital of Oregon, Salem - capital of the state of Oregon in the northwestern part of the state on the Willamette RiverKlamath, Klamath River - a river flowing southwest from Oregon through northern California to the Pacific OceanSnake River, Snake - a tributary of the Columbia River that rises in Wyoming and flows westward; discovered in 1805 by the Lewis and Clark ExpeditionWillamette, Willamette River - a river in western Oregon that flows north into the Columbia River near Portland
Translations

Oregon


See also: National Parks and Monuments (table)National Parks and Monuments

National Parks
Name Type1 Location Year authorized Size
acres (hectares)
Description
Acadia NP SE Maine 1919 48,419 (19,603) Mountain and coast scenery.
..... Click the link for more information.

Oregon

(ŏr`ĭgən, –gŏn), state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It is bordered by Washington, largely across the Columbia River (N), Idaho, partially across the Snake River (E), Nevada and California (S), and the Pacific Ocean (W).

Facts and Figures

Area, 96,981 sq mi (251,181 sq km). Pop. (2010) 3,831,074, a 12% increase since the 2000 census. Capital, Salem. Largest city, Portland. Statehood, Feb. 14, 1859 (33d state). Highest pt., Mt. Hood, 11,239 ft (3,428 m); lowest pt., sea level. Nickname, Beaver State. Motto, The Union. State bird, Western meadowlark. State flower, Oregon grape. State tree, Douglas fir. Abbr., Oreg.; OR

Geography

Oregon's contrasting physical features are characterized by great forested mountain slopes and treeless basins, rushing rivers and barren playas, lush valleys and extensive wastelands. The major determinant for these unusual climatic differences is the Cascade Range, a rugged mountain chain running north to south c.100 mi (160 km) inland. As the eastward-moving air masses, warmed by the Alaska Current and heavy with moisture from the Pacific Ocean, rise and meet the cooler mountain temperatures, rain is precipitated over the western third of Oregon. Dry air and continental climate prevail over the eastern two thirds of the state.

The Pacific shoreline (c.300 mi/480 km) is bordered by narrow coastal plains of sandy beaches, luxuriant pastures, and occasional jutting promontories. About 25 mi (40 km) inland, the rugged Coast Range rises to heights of 4,000 ft (1,220 m) to serve as the western wall of the Willamette Valley. In the valley, where the navigable Willamette flows north through miles of rolling farmlands into the Columbia River, lie the agricultural, commercial, and industrial centers of the state. PortlandPortland.
1 City (1990 pop. 64,358), seat of Cumberland co., SW Maine, situated on a small peninsula and adjacent land, with a large, deepwater harbor on Casco Bay; settled c.1632, set off from Falmouth and inc. 1786.
..... Click the link for more information. , the largest city, whose metropolitan area contains nearly half the state's population, straddles the Willamette near its junction with the Columbia. SalemSalem.
1 City (1990 pop. 38,091), seat of Essex co., NE Mass., on an inlet of Massachusetts Bay; inc. 1629. Its once famous harbor has silted up. Salem has electronic, leather, and machinery industries, and tourists are drawn to its many historical landmarks.
..... Click the link for more information. , the capital, and EugeneEugene,
city (1990 pop. 112,669), seat of Lane co., W Oregon, on the Willamette River; inc. 1862. A processing and shipping center in a farming area, the "Emerald City" has lumbering, food-processing, and microchip and other electronics industries.
..... Click the link for more information. , the second largest city, lie southward in the valley, which is sealed off in the south by the low range of the Calapooya Mts.

The snowcapped volcanic peaks of the Cascades are E of the Willamette, with beautiful Mt. Hood rising to the state's highest elevation (11,235 ft/3,424 m). Mighty stands of timber, many protected as national forests, cover the slopes. Eastward the Cascades level out into high plateaus drained in the north by the Deschutes and the John Day rivers. To the south a variegated pattern of marshland and mountain merges in the east into the semiarid Basin and Range Region. Little vegetation grows here, and the absence of potable water makes habitation difficult.

North of this area rise the pine-covered Blue and Wallowa mts., which in some places extend to the Snake River to form precipitous gorges. Other parts of the region where the Snake cuts through the plateau are more level and have been made productive through irrigation. Oregon's irrigation projects include the Deschutes, the Umatilla, and the Vale; the Klamath, shared with California; and the Boise and the Owyhee, shared with Idaho.

Economy

Oregon's major sources of farm income are greenhouse products, wheat, cattle (huge herds graze on the plateaus E of the Cascades), and dairy items. Hay, wheat, pears, and onions are important, and the state is one of the nation's leading producers of snap beans, peppermint, sweet cherries (orchards are particularly numerous in the N Willamette Valley), broccoli, and strawberries. Oregon has developed an important and growing wine industry since 1980.

The state's 30.7 million acres (12.4 million hectares) of rich forestland (almost half the state) comprise the country's greatest reserves of standing timber; huge areas have been set aside for conservation. Wood processing was long the state's major industry; Douglas fir predominates in the Cascades and western pine in the eastern regions. Since 1991 many areas have been closed to logging in order to protect endangered wildlife. Nevertheless, Oregon has retained its title as the nation's foremost lumber state, producing more than 5 billion board feet a year. Other major products are food, paper and paper items, machinery, and fabricated metals. Printing and publishing are important businesses. In recent decades Oregon (now sometimes called "Silicon Forest") has become home to many computer and electronic companies; growth in this sector has offset job losses in the timber industry.

Abundant, cheap electric power is supplied by numerous dams, most notably those on the Columbia River—Bonneville Dam, The Dalles Dam, and McNary Dam. The John Day Dam is one of the largest hydroelectric generators in the world. The dams also aid in flood control and navigation. The Bonneville Dam, in the steep gorge where the Columbia River pierces the Cascades, enables large vessels to travel far inland, and although river traffic is less vital than formerly, the Columbia River cities still serve as transport centers for a vast hinterland to the east.

Oregon's river resources are one of its greatest assets. Its salmon-fishing industry, centered around Astoria, is one of the world's largest; other catches are tuna and crabs. Although mining is still underdeveloped, Oregon leads the nation in the production of nickel.

Oregon's beautiful ocean beaches, lakes, and mountains make tourism another important industry. Major attractions are the Oregon Caves National Monument, Lewis and Clark National and State Historical Parks, and McLoughlin House National Historic Site (see National Parks and MonumentsNational Parks and Monuments

National Parks
Name Type1 Location Year authorized Size
acres (hectares)
Description
Acadia NP SE Maine 1919 48,419 (19,603) Mountain and coast scenery.
..... Click the link for more information. , table); Crater Lake National ParkCrater Lake National Park,
183,224 acres (74,206 hectares), SW Oreg., in the Cascade Range; est. 1902. Crater Lake, 20 sq mi (52 sq km), lies in a huge pit that was created when the top of a prehistoric volcano was blown off by a violent eruption.
..... Click the link for more information.  is a famed destination. There are 13 national forests, one national grassland, and more than 220 state parks.

Government and Higher Education

Oregon still operates under its original (1857) constitution. Its executive branch is headed by a governor elected for a four-year term. Its legislature has a senate with 30 members and an assembly with 60 members. The state elects two senators and five representatives to the U.S. Congress and has seven electoral votes. John Kitzhaber, a Democrat elected governor in 1994, was reelected in 1998. He was succeeded by fellow Democrat Ted Kulongoski, who was elected in 2002 and reelected in 2006. In 2010 Kitzhaber was again elected governor. He was reelected in 2014 but resigned in 2015 amid investigations into his fiancée's financial affairs. Kate Brown, a Democrat and Oregon's secretary of state, succeeded him as governor, won the office in a special election in 2016, and was reelected in 2018.

Among the state's more prominent institutions of higher learning are the Univ. of Oregon at Eugene; Oregon State Univ. at Corvallis; Reed College and Portland State Univ. at Portland; and Willamette Univ. at Salem.

History

Early Exploration and Fur Trading

Initial European interest in the region was aroused by the search for the Northwest PassageNorthwest Passage,
water routes through the Arctic Archipelago, N Canada, and along the northern coast of Alaska between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Even though the explorers of the 16th cent.
..... Click the link for more information. . Spanish seamen skirted the Pacific coast from the 16th to the 18th cent., hoping to claim the area. The English may first have arrived in the person of Sir Francis Drake, who sailed along the coast in 1579, possibly as far as Oregon.

Two centuries later, in 1778, Capt. James Cook, seeking the award of £20,000 for the discovery of the Northwest Passage, charted some of the coastline. By this time the Russians were pushing southward from posts in Alaska and the British fur companies were exploring the West. Oregon's furs promised to become an important factor in the rapidly expanding China trade, and the Oregon coast was soon active with the vessels of several nations engaged in fur trade with the Native Americans. British captains, among them John Meares and George Vancouver, made the coastal area known, but it was an American, Robert Gray, who first sailed up the Columbia River (1792), thus establishing U.S. claim to the areas that it drained.

Canadian traders of the North West Company were approaching the Columbia River country when the overland Lewis and Clark expedition arrived in 1805. David Thompson was already making his way to the lower river when John Jacob Astor's agents (in the Pacific Fur Company) founded Astoria, the first permanent settlement in the Oregon country. In the War of 1812 the post was sold (1813) to the North West CompanyNorth West Company,
fur-trading organization in North America in the late 18th and early 19th cent.; it was composed of Montreal trading firms and fur traders. Formation
..... Click the link for more information. , but in 1818 a treaty provided for 10 years of joint rights for the United States and Great Britain in Oregon (i.e., the whole Columbia River area). This agreement was later extended. The North West Company merged with the Hudson's Bay CompanyHudson's Bay Company,
corporation chartered (1670) by Charles II of England for the purpose of trade and settlement in the Hudson Bay region of North America and for exploration toward the discovery of the Northwest Passage to Asia.
..... Click the link for more information.  in 1821, and soon the region was dominated by John McLoughlin at Fort Vancouver.

Settlement and Statehood

In 1842 and 1843 enormous wagon trains began the Great Migration westward over the Oregon TrailOregon Trail,
overland emigrant route in the United States from the Missouri River to the Columbia River country (all of which was then called Oregon). The pioneers by wagon train did not, however, follow any single narrow route.
..... Click the link for more information. . Trouble between the settlers and the British followed. The Americans set out to form their own government, and demanded the British be removed from the whole of the Columbia River country up to lat. 54°40'N; one of the slogans of the 1844 election was "Fifty-four forty or fight." War with Britain was a threat momentarily, but diplomacy prevailed. In 1846 the boundary was set at the line of lat. 49°N, but disagreements over the interpretation of the 1846 treaty were not successfully arbitrated until 1872 (see San Juan Boundary DisputeSan Juan Boundary Dispute,
controversy between the United States and Great Britain over the U.S.–British Columbia boundary. It is sometimes called the Northwest Boundary Dispute.
..... Click the link for more information. ).

Two years later the Oregon Territory was created, embracing the area W of the Rockies from the 42d to the 49th parallel. The area was reduced with the creation of the Washington Territory in 1853, and Oregon became a state in 1859 with a constitution that prohibited slaveholding but also forbade free blacks from entering the state. Although the California gold rush caused a temporary exodus of settlers, it also brought a new market for Oregon's goods, and the Oregon gold strike that followed attracted some permanent settlement to the eastern hills and valleys.

Wheat farming prospered and in 1867–68 a surplus crop was shipped to England—the beginning of Oregon's great wheat export trade. Cattle and sheep were driven up from California to graze on the tallgrass of the semiarid plateaus, and soon cattle barons, such as Henry Miller, acquired huge herds. They dominated the industry until the late 19th cent., when sheepmen and homesteaders succeeded in reducing the cattle range. The 1850s, 60s, and 70s were plagued by Native American uprisings, but by 1880 troubles with the Native American were over, and the next few decades brought increasing settlement and internal improvements.

Railroads and Industrialization

During the 1880s, and largely under the management of Henry Villard of the Northern Pacific RR, transcontinental rail lines were completed to the coast and down the Willamette Valley into California, bringing new trade and stimulating the beginnings of manufacture. Lumbering, which had long been important, became a leading industry. Seemingly overnight logging camps and sawmills were built in the western foothills. The huge stands of Douglas fir and cedar brought fortunes to the lumbering kings, but the threat to natural resources led ultimately to the creation of national forests.

By the time of the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition at Portland in 1905, less than 50 years after statehood had been gained, the frontier era had passed. Most of the feuding on the eastern plateaus was over, and cattle and sheep grazed peacefully on fenced-in ranges. In spring the Willamette Valley was abloom with fruit blossoms, and the river cities were busy with trade and industry.

Reform Movements and Environmental Issues

Oregon has been a leader in social, environmental, and political reforms. It was the first state, for example, to institute initiative, referendum, and recall; to ease the laws governing the use of marijuana; and to initiate a ban against nonrecyclable containers. Several issues have sharply divided conservatives and liberals; one of the most important has been the question of minority groups. In the 1880s the influx of Chinese threatened the labor market and brought violent anti-Chinese sentiment, and in the 20th cent. there was opposition to the Japanese. Feeling against minorities has never been statewide, however, and large groups have vigorously opposed it.

In the 1930s one of the most disputed issues was the question of whether the development of power should be public or private. Today, however, it is widely recognized that the federal power and irrigation projects have had a profoundly positive effect on the economy of the entire Pacific Northwest. Many acres have been opened to irrigated farming, and the tremendous industrial expansion of World War II was to a large extent dependent on Bonneville power.

Environmental issues have dominated Oregon politics since the 1970s. Controversy arose in the late 1980s over the spotted owl, which has become endangered as old-growth forest has been cut down. Restrictions on logging on public lands were initiated in 1991, and attempts to establish forest policies acceptable to both environmentalists and the timber industry bogged down as other species were also shown to be in danger. There also is concern that the state's numerous hydroelectric dams are disrupting the migratory cycle of Pacific salmon.

Bibliography

See R. Atkeson, Oregon Coast (1972); W. G. Loy et al., Atlas of Oregon (1976); W. A. Bowen, The Willamette Valley: Migration and Settlement on the Oregon Frontier (1978); S. and E. Dicken, Two Centuries of Oregon Geography (Vol. I, 1979; Vol. II, 1982) and Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography (1982).

Oregon,

city (1990 pop. 18,334), Lucas co., NW Ohio, a suburb adjacent to Toledo, on Lake Erie; inc. 1958. It is a port with railroad-owned and -operated docks. The city has industries producing oil, chemicals, and metal products. The majority of the city's area is open farmland, where tomatoes, soybeans, greenhouse vegetables, fruits, and grains are grown.

Oregon State Information

www.oregon.gov


Area (sq mi):: 98380.64 (land 95996.79; water 2383.85) Population per square mile: 37.90
Population 2005: 3,641,056 State rank: 0 Population change: 2000-20005 6.40%; 1990-2000 20.40% Population 2000: 3,421,399 (White 83.50%; Black or African American 1.60%; Hispanic or Latino 8.00%; Asian 3.00%; Other 8.80%). Foreign born: 8.50%. Median age: 36.30
Income 2000: per capita $20,940; median household $40,916; Population below poverty level: 11.60% Personal per capita income (2000-2003): $28,097-$28,734
Unemployment (2004): 7.30% Unemployment change (from 2000): 2.20% Median travel time to work: 22.20 minutes Working outside county of residence: 22.50%

List of Oregon counties:

  • Baker County
  • Benton County
  • Clackamas County
  • Clatsop County
  • Columbia County
  • Coos County
  • Crook County
  • Curry County
  • Deschutes County
  • Douglas County
  • Gilliam County
  • Grant County
  • Harney County
  • Hood River County
  • Jackson County
  • Jefferson County
  • Josephine County
  • Klamath County
  • Lake County
  • Lane County
  • Lincoln County
  • Linn County
  • Malheur County
  • Marion County
  • Morrow County
  • Multnomah County
  • Polk County
  • Sherman County
  • Tillamook County
  • Umatilla County
  • Union County
  • Wallowa County
  • Wasco County
  • Washington County
  • Wheeler County
  • Yamhill County

    • Oregon Parks

    • US National Parks
      Crater Lake National Park
      John Day Fossil Beds National Monument
      		Lewis & Clark National Historical Park
      Oregon Caves National Monument
    • Urban Parks
      Forest Park
      		Powell Butte Nature Park
      		Washington Park
    • State Parks
      Agate Beach State Recreation Site
      Ainsworth State Park
      Alderwood State Wayside
      Alfred A. Loeb State Park
      Alsea Bay Historic Interpretive Center
      Arcadia Beach State Recreation Site
      Bald Peak State Scenic Viewpoint
      Bandon State Natural Area
      Banks-Vernonia State Trail
      Battle Mountain Forest State Scenic Corridor
      Beachside State Recreation Site
      Benson State Recreation Area
      Beverly Beach State Park
      Blue Mountain Forest State Scenic Corridor
      Bob Straub State Park
      Boiler Bay State Scenic Viewpoint
      Bolon Island Tideways State Scenic Corridor
      Bonnie Lure State Recreation Area
      Booth State Scenic Corridor
      Bradley State Scenic Viewpoint
      Bridal Veil Falls State Scenic Viewpoint
      Bullards Beach State Park
      Cape Arago State Park
      Cape Blanco State Park
      Cape Kiwanda State Natural Area
      Cape Lookout State Park
      Cape Meares State Scenic Viewpoint
      Cape Sebastian State Scenic Corridor
      Carl G. Washburne Memorial State Park
      Cascadia State Park
      Casey State Recreation Site
      Catherine Creek State Park
      Champoeg State Heritage Area
      Chandler State Wayside
      Clay Myers State Natural Area at Whalen Island
      Cline Falls State Scenic Viewpoint
      Clyde Holliday State Recreation Site
      Collier Memorial State Park
      Coquille Myrtle Grove State Natural Site
      Cove Palisades State Park
      Crissey Field State Recreation Site
      Crown Point State Scenic Corridor
      D River State Recreation Site
      Dabney State Recreation Area
      Darlingtonia State Natural Site
      Del Rey Beach State Recreation Site
      Deschutes River State Recreation Area
      Detroit Lake State Recreation Area
      Devil's Lake State Recreation Area
      Devil's Punchbowl State Natural Area
      Dexter State Recreation Site
      Driftwood Beach State Recreation Site
      Ecola State Park
      Elijah Bristow State Park
      Ellmaker State Wayside
      Emigrant Springs State Heritage Area
      Erratic Rock State Natural Site
      Face Rock State Scenic Viewpoint
      		Fall Creek State Recreation Area
      Farewell Bend State Recreation Area
      Fogarty Creek State Recreation Area
      Fort Rock State Natural Area
      Fort Stevens State Park
      Fort Yamhill State Heritage Area
      Frenchglen Hotel State Heritage Site
      Geisel Monument State Heritage Site
      George W. Joseph State Natural Area
      Gleneden Beach State Recreation Site
      Golden & Silver Falls State Natural Area
      Goose Lake State Recreation Area
      Government Island State Recreation Area
      Governor Patterson Memorial State Recreation Site
      Guy W. Talbot State Park
      H.B. Van Duzer Forest State Scenic Corridor
      Harris Beach State Park
      Hat Rock State Park
      Heceta Head Lighthouse State Scenic Viewpoint
      Hilgard Junction State Park
      Historic Columbia River Highway State Trail
      Hoffman Memorial State Wayside
      Holman State Wayside
      Hug Point State Recreation Site
      Humbug Mountain State Park
      Jackson F. Kimball State Recreation Site
      Jasper State Recreation Site
      Jessie M. Honeyman Memorial State Park
      John B. Yeon State Scenic Corridor
      Joseph H. Stewart State Recreation Area
      Kam Wah Chung State Heritage Site
      Koberg Beach State Recreation Site
      Lake Owyhee State Park
      LaPine State Park
      Lewis & Clark State Recreation Site
      Lost Creek State Recreation Site
      Lowell State Recreation Site
      Manhattan Beach State Recreation Site
      Maud Williamson State Recreation Site
      Mayer State Park
      McVay Rock State Recreation Site
      Memaloose State Park
      Milo McIver State Park
      Minam State Recreation Area
      Molalla River State Park
      Munson Creek Falls State Natural Site
      Muriel O. Ponsler Memorial State Scenic Viewpoint
      Nehalem Bay State Park
      Neptune State Scenic Viewpoint
      Neskowin Beach State Recreation Site
      North Santiam State Recreation Area
      OC&E Woods Line State Trail
      Oceanside Beach State Recreation Site
      Ona Beach State Park
      Ontario State Recreation Site
      Oswald West State Park
      Otter Crest State Scenic Viewpoint
      Otter Point State Recreation Site
      		Paradise Point State Recreation Site
      Peter Skene Ogden State Scenic Viewpoint
      Pilot Butte State Scenic Viewpoint
      Pistol River State Scenic Viewpoint
      Port Orford Heads State Park
      Portland Women's Forum State Scenic Viewpoint
      Prineville Reservoir State Park
      Prospect State Scenic Viewpoint
      Red Bridge State Wayside
      Roads End State Recreation Site
      Rocky Creek State Scenic Viewpoint
      Rooster Rock State Park
      Saddle Mountain State Natural Area
      Samuel H. Boardman State Scenic Corridor
      Sarah Helmick State Recreation Site
      Seal Rock State Recreation Site
      Seneca Fouts Memorial State Natural Area
      Seven Devils State Recreation Site
      Shepperd's Dell State Natural Area
      Shore Acres State Park
      Silver Falls State Park
      Smelt Sands State Recreation Site
      Smith Rock State Park
      South Beach State Park
      Starvation Creek State Park
      Stonefield Beach State Recreation Site
      Succor Creek State Natural Area
      Sumpter Valley Dredge State Heritage Area
      Sunset Bay State Park
      Tokatee Klootchman State Natural Site
      Tolovana Beach State Recreation Site
      Touvelle State Recreation Site
      Tryon Creek State Natural Area
      Tub Springs State Wayside
      Tumalo State Park
      Ukiah-Dale Forest State Scenic Corridor
      Umpqua Lighthouse State Park
      Unity Forest State Scenic Corridor
      Unity Lake State Recreation Site
      Valley of the Rogue State Park
      Viento State Park
      Vinzenz Lausmann Memorial State Natural Area
      W.B. Nelson State Recreation Site
      Wallowa Lake Highway Forest State Scenic Corridor
      Wallowa Lake State Park
      Washburne State Wayside
      White River Falls State Park
      Willamette Mission State Park
      Willamette Stone State Heritage Site
      William M. Tugman State Park
      Winchuck State Recreation Site
      Wolf Creek Inn State Heritage Site
      Wygant State Natural Area
      Yachats Ocean Road State Natural Site
      Yachats State Recreation Area
      Yaquina Bay State Recreation Site
    • Parks and Conservation-Related Organizations - US
      Federation of Western Outdoor Clubs
      Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics (FSEEE)
      		Hells Canyon Preservation Council
      Natural Areas Association (NAA)
      		Pacific Rivers Council (PRC)
      World Forestry Center (WFC)
    • National Wildlife Refuges
      Ankeny National Wildlife Refuge
      Bandon Marsh National Wildlife Refuge
      Baskett Slough National Wildlife Refuge
      Cape Meares National Wildlife Refuge
      Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge
      		Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge
      Malheur National Wildlife Refuge
      Nestucca Bay National Wildlife Refuge
      Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge
      Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge
      		Siletz Bay National Wildlife Refuge
      Three Arch Rocks National Wildlife Refuge
      Tualatin River National Wildlife Refuge
      William L. Finley National Wildlife Refuge
    • National Scenic Byways
      Cascade Lakes Scenic Byway
      Hells Canyon Scenic Byway
      McKenzie Pass-Santiam Pass Scenic Byway
      		Mount Hood Scenic Byway
      Outback Scenic Byway
      Pacific Coast Scenic Byway - Oregon
      		Rogue-Umpqua Scenic Byway
      West Cascades Scenic Byway
    • National Grasslands
      Crooked River National Grassland
    • National Forests
      Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area
      Deschutes & Ochoco National Forests
      Fremont-Winema National Forests
      Hells Canyon National Recreation Area
      		Malheur National Forest
      Mount Hood National Forest
      Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest
      Siuslaw National Forest
      		Umatilla National Forest
      Umpqua National Forest
      Wallowa-Whitman National Forest
      Willamette National Forest

    Oregon

     

    a state on the Pacific coast of the USA. Area, 251,200 sq km. Population, 2,100,000 (1970), of which 67 percent is urban. Salem is the state capital, and Portland is the major port and economic center.

    In the west are the Cascade and Oregon Coast ranges. Mount Hood volcano in the Cascades rises to an elevation of 3,427 m. Most of the state’s interior is occupied by the Columbia Plateau, in the north, and the edge of the Great Basin, in the south. The coastal climate is moderate and humid, and the inland regions have a dry continental climate. The mountain slopes are covered with forests of Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, and other valuable trees. Oregon leads the country in timber reserves and lumber production.

    Industry employed 174,000 people in 1970. The major industries are lumbering and woodworking. The pulp-and-paper industry is being developed. Oregon’s food-processing enterprises handle fish, fruit, berries, and milk products. Other industries are metalworking and machine building, including production of electrical equipment, and smelting of aluminum and nickel. In 1970 more than 30 billion kW-hr of electric power were produced in Oregon, primarily at hydrolectric power plants on the Columbia River and its tributaries the Willamette and Deschutes. There is intensive agriculture and dairy farming in the valleys and extensive stock raising on the dry plateaus, which also have some crop farming on irrigated land. Oregon’s chief cash crops are fodder grasses, wheat, potatoes, and barley. The state is the principal US grower of pears and sweet cherries. Cattle, sheep, and hogs are raised; in 1972 there were 1,593,000 head of cattle, including 103,000 milk cows, and 517,000 sheep. The coastal fisheries catch salmon and Pacific halibut.

    M. E. POLOVITSKAIA

    Oregon

    Thirty-third state; admitted on February 14, 1859

    While Admission Day is often commemorated by programs in schools, it is not a legal holiday in Oregon.

    State capital: Salem Nicknames: Beaver State; Pacific Wonderland; Webfoot State

    State motto: Alis volat propiis (Latin “She flies with her own wings”; motto since 1987); The Union (motto from 1859 to 1987)

    State animal: Beaver (Castor canadensis) State beverage: Milk State bird: Western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) State colors: Navy blue and gold State dance: Square dance State father: Dr. John McLoughlin (October 19, 1784 – Sep­

    tember 3, 1857) State fish: Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) State flower: Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium) State fossil: Metasequoia (dawn redwood) State fruit: Pear (Pyrus communis) State gemstone: Oregon sunstone State insect: Oregon swallowtail butterfly (Papilio

    oregonius)

    State mother: Tabitha Moffatt Brown (May 1, 1780 – May 4, 1858) State mushroom: Pacific golden chanterelle (Cantharellus

    formosus) State nut: Hazelnut (Corylus avellana) State rock: Thunderegg (geode) State seashell: Oregon hairy triton (Fusitriton oregonensis) State song: “Oregon, My Oregon” State tree: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

    More about state symbols at:

    bluebook.state.or.us/kids/

    SOURCES:

    AmerBkDays-2000, p. 142
    AnnivHol-2000, p. 27

    STATE OFFICES:

    State web site:
    www.oregon.gov

    Office of the Governor
    900 Court St NE
    Salem, OR 97301
    503-378-3111
    fax: 503-378-6827
    www.governor.state.or.us

    Secretary of State
    900 Court St NE
    Rm 136
    Salem, OR 97301
    503-986-1500
    fax: 503-986-1616
    www.sos.state.or.us

    Oregon State Library
    250 Winter NE State Library Bldg
    Salem, OR 97301
    503-378-4243
    fax: 503-588-7119
    oregon.gov/OSL

    Oregon

    a state of the northwestern US, on the Pacific: consists of the Coast and Cascade Ranges in the west and a plateau in the east; important timber production. Capital: Salem. Pop.: 3 559 596 (2003 est.). Area: 251 418 sq. km (97 073 sq. miles)

    Oregon


    Related to Oregon: Oregon Trail, Oregon State University

    OREGON. The name of a territory of the United States of America. This territory was established by the act of congress of August 14, 1848; and this act is the fundamental law of the territory.
    2.-Sect. 2. The executive power and authority in and over said territory of Oregon shall be vested in a governor who shall hold his office for four years, and until his successors shall be appointed and qualified, unless sooner removed by the president of the United States. The governor shall reside within said territory, shall be commander-in-chief of the militia thereof, shall perform the duties and receive the emoluments of superintendent of Indian affairs; he may grant pardons and respites for offences against the laws of said territory, and reprieves for offences against the laws of the United States until the decision of the president can be made thereon; he shall commission all officers who shall be appointed to office under the laws of the said territory, where, by law, such commissions shall be required, and shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.
    3.-Sect. 3. There shall be a secretary of said territory, who shall reside therein, and hold his office for five years, unless sooner removed by the president of the United States; he shall record and preserve all the laws and proceedings of the legislative assembly hereinafter constituted, and all the acts and proceedings of the governor in his executive department; he shall transmit one copy of the laws and journals of the legislative assembly within thirty days after the end of each session, and one copy of the executive proceedings and official correspondence, semi-annually, on the first days of January and July, in each year, to the president of the United States, and two copies of the laws to the president of the senate and to the speaker of the house of representatives for the use of congress. And in case of the death, removal, resignation, or absence of the governor from the territory, the secretary shall be, and he is hereby, authorized and required to execute and perform all the powers and duties of the governor during such vacancy or absence, or until another governor shall be duly appointed and qualified to fill such vacancy.
    4.-Sect. 4. The legislative power and authority of said territory shall be vested in a legislative assembly. The legislative assembly shall consist of a council and house of representatives. The council shall consist of nine members, having the qualifications of voters as hereinafter prescribed, whose term of service shall continue three years. Immediately after they shall be assembled, in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into, three classes. The seats. of the members of council of the first. class shall be vacated at the expiration of the first year; of the second class at the expiration of the second year; and of the third class at the expiration of the third year, so that one-third may be chosen every year, and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, the same shall be filled at the next ensuing election. The house of representatives shall, at its first session, consist of eighteen members, possessing the same qualifications as prescribed for members of the council, and whose term of service shall continue one year. The number of representatives may be increased by the legislative assembly from time to time, in proportion to the increase of qualified voters: Provided, That the whole number shall never exceed thirty. An apportionment shall be made, as nearly equal as practicable, among the several counties or districts, for the election of the council and representatives, giving to each section of the territory representation in the ratio of its qualified voters, as nearly as may be. And the members of the council and of the house of representatives shall reside in and be inhabitants of the district, or county or counties, for which they may be elected respectively. Previous to the first election, the governor shall cause a census or enumeration of the inhabitants and qualified voters of the several counties and districts of the territory to be taken by such persons, and in such mode as the governor shall designate and appoint; and the persons so appointed shall receive a reasonable compensation therefor; and the first election shall be held at such time and places, and be conducted in such manner, both as to the person who shall superintend such election, and the returns thereof, as the governor shall appoint and direct; and he shall, at the same time, declare the number of members of the council and house of representatives to which each of the counties or districts shall be entitled under this act; and the governor shall, by his proclamation, give at least sixty days previous notice of such apportionment, and of the time, places, and manner of holding such election. The persons having the highest number of legal votes in each of said council districts for members of the council shall be declared by the governor to be duly elected to the council; and the persons having the highest number of legal votes for the house of representatives shall be declared by the governor to be duly elected members of said house; Provided, That, in case two or more persons voted for shall have an equal number of votes and in case a vacancy shall otherwise occur, in either branch of the legislative assembly, the governor shall order a new election, and the persons thus elected to the legislative assembly shall meet at such place, and on such day, within ninety days after such elections, as the governor shall appoint; but, thereafter, the time, place, and manner of holding and conducting all elections by the people, and the apportioning the representation in the several counties or districts to the council and house of representatives, according to the number of qualified voters, shall be prescribed by law, as well as the day of the commencement of the regular sessions of the legislative assembly: Provided, That no session in any one year shall exceed the term of sixty days, except the first session, which shall not be prolonged beyond one hundred days.
    5.-Sect, 5. Every white male inhabitant, above the age of twenty-one years, who shall have been a resident of said territory at the time of the passage of this act, and shall possess the qualifications hereinafter prescribed, shall be entitled to vote at the first election, and shall be eligible to any office within the said territory; but the qualifications of voters and of holding office, at all subsequent elections, shall be such as shall be prescribed by the legislative assembly: Provided, That the right of suffrage and of holding office shall be exercised only by citizens United States above the age of twenty-one years, and those above that age who shall have declared, on oath, their intention to become such, and shall have taken an oath to support the constitution of the United States, and the provisions of this act: And, further, provided, That no officer, soldier, seaman, or marine, or other person in the army or navy of the United States, or attached to troop's in the service of the United States, shall be allowed to vote in said territory, by reason of being on service therein, unless said territory is and has been for the period of six months, his permanent domicil: Provided, further, That no person belonging to the army or navy of the United States shall ever be elected to, or hold any civil office or appointment in, said territory.
    6.-Sect. 6. The legislative power of the territory shall extend to all rightful subjects of legislation not inconsistent with the constitution and laws of the United States; but no law shall be passed interfering with the primary disposal of the soil; no tar shall be imposed upon the property of the United States; nor shall the lands or other property of non-residents be taxed higher than the lands or other property of residents. All the laws passed by the legislative assembly shall be submitted to the congress of the United States, and, if disapproved, shall be null and of no effect: Provided, That nothing in this act shall be construed to give power to incorporate a bank, or any institution with banking powers, or to borrow money in the name of the territory, or to pledge the faith of the people of the same for any loan whatever, either directly or indirectly. No charter granting any privilege of making, issuing, or putting into circulation any notes or bills in the likeness of bank notes, or any bonds scrip, drafts, bills of exchange, or obligations, or granting any other banking powers or privileges, shall be passed by the legislative assembly; nor shall the establishment of any branch or agency of any such corporation, derived from other authority, be allowed in said territory; nor shall said legislative assembly authorize the issue of any obligation, scrip, or evidence of debt by said territory, in any mode or manner whatever, except certificates for services to said territory; and all such laws, or any law or laws inconsistent with the provisions of this act, shall be utterly null and void; and all taxes shall be equal and uniform and no distinction shall be made in the assessments between different kinds of property, but the assessments shall be according to the value thereof. To avoid improper influences which may result from intermixing in one and the same act, such things as have no proper relation to each other, every law shall embrace but one object and that shall be expressed in the title.
    7.-Sect. 7. All township, district, and county, officers, not herein otherwise provided for, shall be appointed or elected, in such manner as shall be provided by the legislative assembly of the territory of Oregon.
    8.-Sect. 8. No member of the legislative assembly shall hold, or be appointed to, any office which shall have been created, or the salary or emoluments of which shall have been increased, while he was a member, during the term for which he was elected, and for one year after the expiration of such term; but this restriction shall not be applicable to members of the first legislative assembly; and no person holding a commission, or appointment under the United States shall be a member of the legislative assembly, or shall hold any office under the government of said territory.
    9. The 16th section of the act authorizes the qualified voters to elect a delegate to the house of representatives of the United States, who shall have and exercise all the rights and privileges as have been heretofore exercised and enjoyed by the delegates from the other territories of the United States to the said house of representatives. Vide Courts of the United States.

    FinancialSeeORAcronymsSeeORE

    Oregon


    Related to Oregon: Oregon Trail, Oregon State University
    • noun

    Synonyms for Oregon

    noun a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific

    Synonyms

    • Beaver State
    • OR

    Related Words

    • Pacific Northwest
    • Crater Lake National Park
    • U.S.A.
    • United States
    • United States of America
    • US
    • USA
    • America
    • the States
    • U.S.
    • Bend
    • Eugene
    • Klamath Falls
    • Medford
    • Portland
    • capital of Oregon
    • Salem
    • Klamath
    • Klamath River
    • Snake River
    • Snake
    • Willamette
    • Willamette River
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