| 释义 |
poison
poi·son P0403500 (poi′zən)n.1. A substance that causes injury, illness, or death, especially by chemical means.2. Something destructive or fatal.3. Chemistry A substance that inhibits another substance or a reaction: a catalyst poison.tr.v. poi·soned, poi·son·ing, poi·sons 1. To kill or harm with poison.2. To put poison on or into: poisoning arrows; poisoned the drink.3. a. To pollute: Noxious fumes poison the air. See Synonyms at contaminate.b. To have a harmful influence on; corrupt: Jealousy poisoned their friendship.4. Chemistry & Physics To inhibit (a substance or reaction).adj. Poisonous.
[Middle English, from Old French, from Latin pōtiō, pōtiōn-, drink; see pō(i)- in Indo-European roots.]
poi′son·er n.poison (ˈpɔɪzən) n1. (Medicine) any substance that can impair function, cause structural damage, or otherwise injure the body. 2. something that destroys, corrupts, etc: the poison of fascism. 3. (Chemistry) a substance that retards a chemical reaction or destroys or inhibits the activity of a catalyst4. (General Physics) a substance that absorbs neutrons in a nuclear reactor and thus slows down the reaction. It may be added deliberately or formed during fission5. what's your poison? informal what would you like to drink?vb (tr) 6. (Medicine) to give poison to (a person or animal) esp with intent to kill7. to add poison to8. to taint or infect with or as if with poison9. (foll by against) to turn (a person's mind) against: he poisoned her mind against me. 10. (Chemistry) to retard or stop (a chemical or nuclear reaction) by the action of a poison11. (Chemistry) to inhibit or destroy (the activity of a catalyst) by the action of a poison[C13: from Old French puison potion, from Latin pōtiō a drink, esp a poisonous one, from pōtāre to drink] ˈpoisoner npoi•son (ˈpɔɪ zən)
n. 1. a substance that has an inherent tendency to destroy life or impair health. 2. something harmful or pernicious, as to happiness or well-being. v.t. 3. to administer poison to (a person or animal). 4. to kill or injure with or as if with poison. 5. to put poison into or upon; saturate with poison. 6. to ruin, vitiate, or corrupt: Hatred had poisoned their minds. 7. Chem. to destroy or diminish the activity of (a catalyst or enzyme). adj. 8. poisonous: a poison shrub. [1200–50; Middle English puisun < Old French < Latin pōtiōnem, acc. of pōtiō drink, potion] poi′son•er, n. syn: poison, toxin, venom are terms for any substance that injures the health or destroys life when absorbed into the system. poison is the general word: a poison for insects. A toxin is a poison produced by an organism; it is esp. used in medicine in reference to disease-causing bacterial secretions: A toxin produces diphtheria. venom is esp. used of the poisons injected by bite, sting, etc.: snake venom; bee venom. poison- alexipharmic - Another word for an antidote, from Greek alexein, "ward off," and pharmakon, "poison."
- toxic - Comes from Greek toxikon pharmakon, "poison for arrows," from toxon, "bow."
- venom - Comes from Latin venenum, the love potion Venus used to attract people to each other—but later came to describe "poison."
- virus - A Latin word meaning "poison" or "slimy liquid," it first meant "venom of a snake."
PoisonSee also death; drugs; killing.
alexipharmac, alexipharmica remedy for or antidote against poison or infection. — alexipharmic, adj.atropismpoisoning caused by atropine or belladonna.barbiturisma condition of chronic poisoning caused by excessive use of barbiturates.botulisma disease of the nervous system caused by botulin developments in spoiled foods eaten by animals and man; a variety of bacterial food poisoning.cantharidisma toxic condition caused by the misuse of the counterirritant and diuretic cantharides.enriositatisdrunkenness or intoxication from alcohol, especially as an habitual state.enterotoxemiaa condition in which the blood contains toxin from the intestines.ergotisma condition caused by eating rye or some other grain infected with ergot fungus or by an overdose of an ergot medicinal agent.iophobiaan abnormal fear of poisons. Cf. toxiphobia.mephitismmephitic or carbon dioxide poisoning. — mephitic, mephitical, adj.mithridatismthe production of immunity against the action of a poison by consuming it regularly in gradually larger doses.mycetismany of a variety of toxic conditions produced by poisonous mush-rooms. Also mycetismus.phosphorismchronic phosphorus poisoning.plumbisman acute toxic condition caused by the absorption of lead into the body by skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation; lead poisoning. Also called saturnism.plutonisma poisoning caused by exposure to radioactive plutonium.ptyalismexcessive salivation, usually associated with chronic mercury poisoning.rodenticidea substance that kills rodents.salicylisma toxic condition produced by excessive intake of salicylic acid, marked by vomiting and ringing in the ears.salmonellosisan illness caused by food tainted with certain species of salmonella bacteria.sapremia, sapraemiablood poisoning caused by putrefactive microorganisms in the bloodstream.saturnismplumbism.septicemia, septicaemiablood poisoning caused by pathogenic microorganisms and their toxic products in the bloodstream. — septicemic, septicaemic, adj.stibialismpoisoning from antimony.strychnisma toxic condition caused by excessive use of strychnine.tabacismaddiction to tobacco; poisoning from excessive use of tobacco. Also called tabagism, tobaccoism.thebaismArchaic. a toxic condition produced by thebaine, a derivative of opium.toxicologythe branch of medical science that studies the effects, antidotes, detection, etc., of poisons. — toxicologist, n. — toxicologie, toxicological, adj.toxiphobiaan abnormal fear of poisoning. Also called toxicophobia. Cf. iophobia. — toxiphobe, toxiphobiac, n.tyrotoxismpoisoning caused by microbes in stale cheese or milk.urotoxy, urotoxia1. the toxicity or toxic content of urine.
2. the unit used in measuring the toxicity of urine, a quantity sufficient to kill an animal weighing one kilogram. — urotoxic, adj.poison
Past participle: poisoned
Gerund: poisoning
| Present |
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| I poison | | you poison | | he/she/it poisons | | we poison | | you poison | | they poison |
| Preterite |
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| I poisoned | | you poisoned | | he/she/it poisoned | | we poisoned | | you poisoned | | they poisoned |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am poisoning | | you are poisoning | | he/she/it is poisoning | | we are poisoning | | you are poisoning | | they are poisoning |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have poisoned | | you have poisoned | | he/she/it has poisoned | | we have poisoned | | you have poisoned | | they have poisoned |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was poisoning | | you were poisoning | | he/she/it was poisoning | | we were poisoning | | you were poisoning | | they were poisoning |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had poisoned | | you had poisoned | | he/she/it had poisoned | | we had poisoned | | you had poisoned | | they had poisoned |
| Future |
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| I will poison | | you will poison | | he/she/it will poison | | we will poison | | you will poison | | they will poison |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have poisoned | | you will have poisoned | | he/she/it will have poisoned | | we will have poisoned | | you will have poisoned | | they will have poisoned |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be poisoning | | you will be poisoning | | he/she/it will be poisoning | | we will be poisoning | | you will be poisoning | | they will be poisoning |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been poisoning | | you have been poisoning | | he/she/it has been poisoning | | we have been poisoning | | you have been poisoning | | they have been poisoning |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
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| I will have been poisoning | | you will have been poisoning | | he/she/it will have been poisoning | | we will have been poisoning | | you will have been poisoning | | they will have been poisoning |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
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| I had been poisoning | | you had been poisoning | | he/she/it had been poisoning | | we had been poisoning | | you had been poisoning | | they had been poisoning |
| Conditional |
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| I would poison | | you would poison | | he/she/it would poison | | we would poison | | you would poison | | they would poison |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have poisoned | | you would have poisoned | | he/she/it would have poisoned | | we would have poisoned | | you would have poisoned | | they would have poisoned |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  poison - any substance that causes injury or illness or death of a living organismpoisonous substance, toxicantsubstance - a particular kind or species of matter with uniform properties; "shigella is one of the most toxic substances known to man"atropine - a poisonous crystalline alkaloid extracted from the nightshade family; used as an antispasmodic and to dilate the eye pupil; also administered in large amounts as an antidote for organophosphate nerve agents or organophosphate insecticideshyoscyamine - a poisonous crystalline alkaloid (isometric with atropine but more potent); used to treat excess motility of the gastrointestinal tracttoxin - a poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species | | 2. | poison - anything that harms or destroys; "the poison of fascism"destructiveness - the quality of causing destruction | | Verb | 1. | poison - spoil as if by poison; "poison someone's mind"; "poison the atmosphere in the office"corrupt, debase, debauch, demoralise, demoralize, deprave, misdirect, pervert, profane, vitiate, subvert - corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality; "debauch the young people with wine and women"; "Socrates was accused of corrupting young men"; "Do school counselors subvert young children?"; "corrupt the morals" | | 2. | poison - kill with poison; "She poisoned her husband"poison - kill by its poison; "This mushrooms can poison"kill - cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly; "This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank"; "The farmer killed a pig for the holidays" | | 3. | poison - add poison to; "Her husband poisoned her drink in order to kill her"envenomalter, change, modify - cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue" | | 4. | poison - kill by its poison; "This mushrooms can poison"poison - administer poison to; "She poisoned her husband but he did not die"poison - kill with poison; "She poisoned her husband"kill - cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly; "This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank"; "The farmer killed a pig for the holidays" | | 5. | poison - administer poison to; "She poisoned her husband but he did not die"drug, dose - administer a drug to; "They drugged the kidnapped tourist"intoxicate - have an intoxicating effect on, of a drugpoison - kill by its poison; "This mushrooms can poison" |
poisonnoun1. toxin, venom, bane (archaic) Poison from the weaver fish causes paralysis and swelling.2. contamination, corruption, contagion, cancer, virus, blight, bane, malignancy, miasma, canker the poison of crime and violence spreading through the cityverb1. murder, kill, give someone poison, administer poison to There were rumours that she had poisoned her husband.2. contaminate, foul, infect, spoil, pollute, blight, taint, adulterate, envenom, befoul The land has been completely poisoned by chemicals.3. contaminate, lace, spike, tamper with, doctor, adulterate, put poison in He accused them of poisoning his drink4. corrupt, colour, undermine, bias, sour, pervert, warp, taint, subvert, embitter, deprave, defile, jaundice, vitiate, envenom ill-feeling that will poison further negotiationsadjective1. poisonous, deadly, toxic, lethal, venomous a cloud of poison gasRelated words
adjective toxic
fear toxiphobiaPoisonsPoisonous substances and gases aconite, acrolein, adamsite, afterdamp, Agent Orange, aldrin, allyl alcohol, aniline, antimony potassium tartrate, arsenic or arsenic trioxide, arsine, atropine or atropin, barium hydroxide, benzene, benzidine, brucine, cacodyl, carbon disulphide, carbon monoxide, coniine, conin, or conine, curare, cyanic acid, cyanide, cyanogen, digitalin, emetine, formaldehyde, hemlock, hydrastine, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen iodide, hydrogen sulphide, hyoscyamine, lead monoxide, lewisite, lindane, mercuric chloride, mercuric oxide, methanol, methyl bromide, muscarine, mustard gas, nerve gas, nitrogen dioxide, osmium tetroxide, ouabain, oxalic acid, Paraquat, Paris green, phenol, phosgene, picrotoxin, poison gas, potassium cyanide, potassium permanganate, prussic acid, ratsbane, red lead, sarin, silver nitrate, sodium cyanide, sodium fluoroacetate, stibine, strychnine, tetramethyldiarsine, thallium, thebaine, tropine, urushiol, veratrine, whitedamp, zinc chlorideTypes of poisoning botulism, bromism, digitalism, ergotism, fluorosis, hydrargyria, iodism, lead poisoning, listeriosis, mercurialism, phosphorism, plumbism, ptomaine poisoning, salmonella, saturnism, strychninismPoisonous plants aconite, amanita, baneberry, belladonna, black bryony, black nightshade, castor-oil plant, cowbane, coyotillo, deadly nightshade, death camass, death cap or angel, destroying angel, dieffenbachia, dog's mercury, ergot, fly agaric, foxglove, hemlock, henbane, Indian liquorice, laburnum, liberty cap, locoweed, manchineel, monkshood, mountain laurel, Noogoora burr, nux vomica, oleander, poison dogwood or elder, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumach, pokeweed, pokeberry, or pokeroot, sassy, sasswood, or sassy wood, staggerbush, stavesacre, thorn apple, tutu, upas, water hemlock, wolfsbane or wolf's-bane, woody nightshadepoisonnoun1. Anything that is injurious, destructive, or fatal:bane, canker, contagion, toxin, venom, virus.2. One that contaminates:adulterant, adulterator, contaminant, contamination, contaminator, impurity, pollutant.verb1. To make physically impure:contaminate, defile, foul, pollute.2. To have a destructive effect on:canker, envenom, infect.Archaic: empoison.adjectiveCapable of injuring or killing by poison:mephitic, mephitical, poisonous, toxic, toxicant, venomous, virulent.Translationspoison (ˈpoizn) noun any substance which causes death or illness when taken into the body. She killed herself by taking poison; (also adjective) poison gas. 毒藥 毒药 verb1. to kill or harm with poison. He poisoned his wife. 毒殺 毒杀2. to put poison into (food etc). He poisoned her coffee. 在…下毒 放毒于...之中ˈpoisoner noun 放毒者，毒害者 放毒者，毒害者 ˈpoisonous adjective containing or using poison. That fruit is poisonous; a poisonous snake. 有毒的 有毒的ˈpoisonously adverb 惡毒地 恶毒地poison-pen letter an anonymous letter saying wicked things about a person etc. 匿名信 匿名信
poison
poison pen1. adjective Spiteful, malicious, or defamatory in composition, as of a letter or other written work, generally sent anonymously and with the aim of damaging or destroying a person's, group's, or organization's reputation or happiness. Always used before a noun. Often hyphenated. After agreeing to defend the alleged mass-murderer, the public defendant began receiving a large number of poison-pen letters from around the city. We've had enough trouble getting this restaurant up and running without having a poison-pen review like that in the papers!2. adjective Characterized by, typified by, or inclined toward the writing and sending of such letters or pieces of writing. Always used before a noun. Often hyphenated. The outspoken feminist figure has been the target of a hateful poison-pen campaign by online misogynists who have hidden behind the shield of anonymity to conduct their attacks.3. noun A disposition, attitude, inclination, or ability typified by the writing and sending such letters or pieces of writing. Every year or so, there is a new piece of diatribe and vitriol from the poison pen of the infamous white supremacist. The poison pen of the oft-feared but well-respected critic has been enough to cause the downfall of more than one virtuoso's career.See also: pen, poisonpoisoned chaliceSomething that initially appears to be good, wholesome, or positive, but is really harmful. Primarily heard in UK. We thought the change in leadership was going to have a positive effect on the organization, but it turned out to be a poisoned chalice.See also: chalice, poisonpoison-pen letterA letter that contains malicious statements or accusations about the recipient or another party. Shortly after announcing his candidacy, he received an anonymous poison-pen letter attacking his platform.See also: letterWhat's your poison?What do you want to drink? What is your usual drink? Let's have a drink. What's your poison?one man's meat is another man's poisonWhat one person may consider good, enjoyable, or beneficial may be disliked by someone else. A: "I really don't understand the appeal of the Harry Potter series. There are so many better books out there!" B: "Eh, one man's meat is another man's poison."See also: another, meat, one, poisonlead poisoningslang Death or injury resulting from a bullet wound. Don't worry about it—if Johnny thinks he can rat us out, then he's gonna find himself with a serious case of lead poisoning. I came away from the gunfight with a bit of lead poisoning in my arm.See also: lead, poisonname your poisonTell me what (typically alcoholic) beverage you would like to drink. I'm buying the first round—name your poison. A: "Hi there, could I get something to drink?" B: "Of course you can. Name your poison."See also: name, poisonpick your poisonTell me what alcoholic beverage you would like to drink. I'm buying the first round—pick your poison. A: "Hi there, could I get something to drink?" B: "Of course you can. Pick your poison."See also: pick, poisonpoison (one) against (someone or something)To inspire or manipulate one to take a very negative, hateful, or disdainful view of someone or something. It's like Tommy's new girlfriend has been poisoning him against us—ever since they started dating, he's been turning his back on us. The bitter election ended up poisoning many voters against the democratic process entirely.See also: poisonpoison pillA defensive tactic used to fend off a hostile corporate take over in which a company's board of directors give shareholders the ability to buy shares at discounted prices if any one shareholder (i.e., the one seeking to take over) buys a certain percentage of the company's shares at once, thus forcing the bidding company to spend substantially more in their bid. Sensing that Gangrenous Inc. was looking to acquire their company to exploit its valuable intellectual property, the board of directors passed a poison pill to ward them off.See also: pill, poisonpoison with (something)1. To introduce some kind of poison into a person's or animal's system in order to sicken or kill them. A noun or pronoun is used between "poison" and "with." She slowly poisoned John with small doses of arsenic over the course of several years. Someone has been poisoning local wildlife with antifreeze.2. To lace, taint, or coat something with some kind of poison. A noun or pronoun is used between "poison" and "with." Someone poisoned the soup with cyanide. The tribe poisons the tips of their arrows with a substance found on the backs of certain frogs.3. To pollute or dirty something with some toxic, poisonous, or otherwise harmful substance. A noun or pronoun is used between "poison" and "with." The nuclear power plant has been accused of poisoning the city's water supply with poorly contained toxic waste. If we continue to poison the atmosphere with all the CO2 our cars and factories belch out, we're going to make our planet uninhabitable in a matter of years!See also: poisonOne man's meat is another man's poison.Prov. Something that one person likes may be distasteful to someone else. Fred: What do you mean you don't like French fries? They're the best food in the world! Alan: One man's meat is another man's poison. Jill: I don't understand why Don doesn't like to read science fiction. It's the most interesting thing to read. Jane: One man's meat is another man's poison.See also: another, meat, one, poisonpoison someone against someone or somethingto cause someone to have negative or hateful thoughts about someone, a group, or something. You have done nothing more than poison Gerald against all of us! Stop talking to him! Your negative comments poisoned everyone against the proposal.See also: poisonpoison (someone or an animal) with somethingto render someone or an animal sick or dead with a poison. He intended to poison his wife with arsenic. Barry wanted to poison the cat with something that left no trace. He poisoned himself with the cleaning compound.See also: poisonpoison something with somethingto render something poisonous with something. She poisoned the soup with arsenic. They are poisoning our water supply with pollutants.See also: poisonWhat'll it be? and Name your poison.; What'll you have?; What's yours?Inf. What do you want to drink?; What do you want?; How can I serve you? (Typically said by a bartender or bar waiter or waitress.) Tom: What'll it be, friend? Bill: I'll just have a ginger ale, if you don't mind. Waitress: What'll you have? Bob: Nothing, thanks.one man's meat is another man's poisonWhat is good for or enjoyed by one is not necessarily so for someone else. This adage, first recorded in 1576, is so well known it is often shortened, as in Pat loves to travel to remote areas but that's not for Doris-one man's meat, you know. Also see no accounting for tastes. See also: another, meat, one, poisonpoison-pen letterA letter, usually anonymous, that makes malicious statements about the recipient or a third party. For example, She told the police about the poison-pen letters, but they said they couldn't pursue the matter . [Early 1900s] See also: lettera poisoned chalice mainly BRITISHIf you describe a job or an opportunity as a poisoned chalice, you mean that it seems at first to be very attractive but in time will probably cause failure or trouble. She claims that the president appointed his former rival only in the belief that he was giving him a poisoned chalice and that he would not last more than a year. The contract may yet prove to be a poisoned chalice. Note: A chalice is an old-fashioned cup or goblet, usually made of metal and shaped like a wine glass. See also: chalice, poisonone man's meat is another man's poison If you say one man's meat is another man's poison, you mean that different people like different things. Talk about one man's meat is another man's poison, did you like that hideous painting in the kitchen? Note: The Roman author Lucretius said in `De Rerum Natura': `What is food to one person may be bitter poison to others.' See also: another, meat, one, poisonwhat's your poison? used to ask someone what they would like to drink. informala poisoned chalice something that is apparently desirable but likely to be damaging to the person to whom it is given. 1998 New Scientist Anyone who discovers a superconductor that works at room temperature may be handing the world a poisoned chalice…the material might be too toxic to be usable. See also: chalice, poisonone man’s ˌmeat is another man’s ˈpoison (saying) used to say that different people like different things; what one person likes very much, another person does not like at all: I’m amazed that Tim enjoys cricket so much. Still, one man’s meat is another man’s poison, as they say.See also: another, meat, one, poisona ˌpoison ˈpen letter an unpleasant letter which is not signed and is intended to upset the person who receives it: Most politicians get poison pen letters, sometimes threatening their lives.See also: letter, pen, poisonwhat’s your ˈpoison? (spoken, humorous) used to ask somebody what alcoholic drink they would like: Right, would anyone like a drink? Bill, what’s your poison?a poisoned ˈchalice (especially British English) a thing which seems attractive when it is given to somebody but which soon becomes unpleasant: He inherited a poisoned chalice when he took over the job as union leader.A chalice is a large cup for holding wine.See also: chalice, poisonlead poisoning n. death caused by being shot with a lead bullet. (Underworld.) He pifted because of a case of lead poisoning. See also: lead, poisonName your poison sent. State what you want to drink. (Refers to alcoholic drinks only.) Okay, friend, name your poison. See also: name, poisonpoison1. mod. wicked; evil. Stay away from her. She’s poison. 2. n. an alcoholic drink. Name your poison. poison pill n. an element introduced into the restructuring of a corporation so that it becomes undesirable for another corporation to take over. Acme Corporation approved a poison pill to prevent a hostile takeover. See also: pill, poisonno accounting for tastes, there is noEach to his or her own preference. This locution for the inexplicability of likes (and dislikes) began as “there is no disputing about tastes” in the sixteenth century. It was changed to “accounting for” by the early nineteenth century. Anthony Trollope, in the last of his Barset Chronicles (1867), said of Major Grantly as a suitor, “There was . . . no accounting for tastes.” A similar mid-twentieth-century phrase that is on its way to clichédom is different strokes for different folks, which originated in American regional slang. All these are synonymous with the much older proverb, One man’s meat is another’s poison, originating in Roman times and proverbial since about 1700. See also to each his own.See also: accounting, no, therepoison penA writer of a letter, usually anonymous, that is malicious and, sometimes libelous. It may attack either the recipient or a third party. The term, with its companion poison-pen letter, dates from the early 1900s. The poison is figurative, describing the scurrilous nature of the words. David Lodge used it in Changing Places (1975), “I’ve had what I believe is called a poison-pen letter from Euphoria, an anonymous letter.” See also: pen, poisonone man's meat is another man's poisonYou may not like something that I like. The phrase, which was first written by the Roman poet Lucretius, was appropriated to refer to any situation where two people disagree over something. The 20th-century literary wit George S. Kauffman's most celebrated pun was “One man's Mede is another man's Persian.”See also: another, meat, one, poisonpoison
poison, any agent that may produce chemically an injurious or deadly effect when introduced into the body in sufficient quantity. Some poisons can be deadly in minute quantities, others only if relatively large amounts are involved. Factors of importance in determining the severity of a poison include the nature of the poison itself, the concentration and amount, the route of administration, the length of exposure, and the age, size, and physical health of the individual. If poisoning is suspected a physician or poison control center should be called immediately. The remainder of the poison and its container should be saved; the label may list ingredients, first aid measures, or antidotes. For most ingested poisons emptying the stomach is the most important treatment; vomiting is best accomplished in the conscious individual by administering syrup of ipecac with large quantities of water. The major exceptions to this treatment are in cases of ingestion of corrosives, such as lye, and certain hydrocarbons, such as kerosene. In corrosive ingestions a small amount of milk may be given, but vomiting should not be induced since the damage that may have already been sustained by the mucous membranes of the esophagus and stomach may advance to perforation; the patient should be seen by a physician as soon as possible. Hydrocarbons are extremely volatile, and the dangers of their being aspirated into the lungs when vomiting is induced are greater than their toxicity if absorbed into the body. In gas or vapor poisoning the patient should be carried to a nonpolluted atmosphere; artificial respirationartificial respiration,
any measure that causes air to flow in and out of a person's lungs when natural breathing is inadequate or ceases, as in respiratory paralysis, drowning, electric shock, choking, gas or smoke inhalation, or poisoning.
..... Click the link for more information. should be employed if necessary. If any poison has been absorbed through the skin, all contaminated garments should be removed immediately and the skin washed with soap and water. Poisoning is a significant cause of accidental death in children and is best treated by prevention; potential poisons in the home should be stored in locked cabinets. In chemistry, poison refers to a substance that inhibits or slows a chemical reaction. See separate articles on botulismbotulism
, acute poisoning resulting from ingestion of food containing toxins produced by the bacillus Clostridium botulinum. The bacterium can grow only in an anaerobic atmosphere, such as that found in canned foods.
..... Click the link for more information. ; carbon monoxidecarbon monoxide,
chemical compound, CO, a colorless, odorless, tasteless, extremely poisonous gas that is less dense than air under ordinary conditions. It is very slightly soluble in water and burns in air with a characteristic blue flame, producing carbon dioxide; it is a
..... Click the link for more information. ; food poisoningfood poisoning,
acute illness following the eating of foods contaminated by bacteria, bacterial toxins, natural poisons, or harmful chemical substances. It was once customary to classify all such illnesses as "ptomaine poisoning," but it was later discovered that ptomaines, the
..... Click the link for more information. ; lead poisoninglead poisoning
or plumbism
, intoxication of the system by organic compounds containing lead. These enter the body by respiration (of dust, fumes, or sprays) or by ingestion of food or other substances that contain lead.
..... Click the link for more information. ; mercury poisoningmercury poisoning,
tissue damage resulting from exposure to more than trace amounts of the element mercury or its compounds. Elemental mercury (the silver liquid familiar from thermometers) is the most common occupational source.
..... Click the link for more information. ; poison gaspoison gas,
any of various gases sometimes used in warfare or riot control because of their poisonous or corrosive nature. These gases may be roughly grouped according to the portal of entry into the body and their physiological effects.
..... Click the link for more information. ; poison ivypoison ivy,
poison oak,
and poison sumac,
woody vines and trailing or erect shrubs of the family Anacardiaceae (sumac family), native to North America.
..... Click the link for more information. ; snakebitesnakebite,
wound inflicted by the teeth of a snake. The bite of a nonvenomous snake is rarely serious. Venomous snakes have fangs, hollow teeth through which poison is injected into a victim.
..... Click the link for more information. ; toxintoxin,
poison produced by living organisms. Toxins are classified as either exotoxins or endotoxins. Exotoxins are a diverse group of soluble proteins released into the surrounding tissue by living bacterial cells. Exotoxins have specific reaction sites in the host; e.g.
..... Click the link for more information. .Poison (religion, spiritualism, and occult)Although a true Witch is interested in healing, not in harming, witches are often erroneously associated with poison. Certainly a Witch, as local wise person, did need to be knowledgeable about poisons in order to be able to provide antidotes. In fact, the misquote, "Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live" arose from this misconception. The original Biblical text employed the word veneficor, or "poisoner." King James's translators, deliberately or through ignorance, transcribed the word as maleficor, meaning "witch," presumably because witches were knowledgeable about antidotes to poisons. The correct translation, then, should be "Thou shalt not suffer a poisoner to live," which makes much more sense. In an article in Man, Myth and Magic, Eric Maple states, "Renaissance physicians, not unnaturally, took every opportunity to cast the blame for their failures upon their unprofessional rivals, the witches; a policy for which there was ecclesiastical sanction, for the Inquisitor Bernard de Como had laid down the doctrine that all diseases beyond the curative power of medicine must be due to sorcery." Throughout history women (and men) have resorted to poison to get rid of an unwanted spouse. Many times the poison would be obtained from a cunning man or woman, or "hedge witch." With the local wise person's knowledge of herbs, it is hardly surprising that the stigma of poisoner came to be associated with Witches. Poison a substance that acts on the body in such a way as to cause a marked disturbance of its normal activity—poisoning or death (seePOISONING). The classification of a given substance as a poison is arbitrary, since in many cases toxicity is determined by the circumstances or method of introduction into the body. The effect of a poison is due to its chemical reaction with substances that are constituents of cells and tissues and that also take part in tissue metabolism, as in prussic-acid poisoning. The intensity and nature of the effect of poisons depend on the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of the poisons and on the structural and functional characteristics of the organism. This is responsible for the selective toxicity of poisons for certain species of animals or plants and for their “affinity” for certain systems or organs, for example, neurotropic poisons, which primarily affect the nervous system. Poisons are subdivided on the basis of origin into plant poisons, animal poisons, mineral poisons, and products of chemical synthesis (see; ; ; and PESTICIDES). Poisons enter the human body mainly through the digestive and respiratory organs and are excreted by the kidneys, intestines, and lungs. Toxicology is the study of the action of poisons (seeTOXICOLOGY). REFERENCESSee under TOXICOLOGY and TOXIN.What does it mean when you dream about poison?Poison in a dream may represent an attempt to get rid of something within oneself that is producing sickness. A violent rejection of a condition or a relationship may be causing the dreamer to suffer. poison[′pȯiz·ən] (atomic physics) A substance which reduces the phosphorescence of a luminescent material. (chemistry) A substance that exerts inhibitive effects on catalysts, even when present only in small amounts; for example, traces of sulfur or lead will poison platinum-based catalysts. (electronics) A material which reduces the emission of electrons from the surface of a cathode. (materials) A substance that in relatively small doses has an action that either destroys life or impairs seriously the functions of organs or tissues. (nucleonics) A substance that absorbs neutrons without any fission resulting, and thereby lowers the reactivity of a nuclear reactor. Poisonunicornits horn used to test liquids for poison. [Medieval Legend: EB (1963) XXII, 702]poison1. any substance that can impair function, cause structural damage, or otherwise injure the body 2. Chemistry a substance that retards a chemical reaction or destroys or inhibits the activity of a catalyst 3. Physics a substance that absorbs neutrons in a nuclear reactor and thus slows down the reaction. It may be added deliberately or formed during fission poison
poison [poi´zun] a substance that, on ingestion, inhalation, absorption, application, injection, or development within the body, in relatively small amounts, may cause structural or functional disturbance. Called also toxin and venom. adj., adj poisonous.
Corrosives are poisons that destroy tissues directly. They include the mineral acids, such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid; the caustic alkalis, such as ammonia, sodium hydroxide (lye), sodium carbonate, and sodium hypochlorite; and carbolic acid (phenol). Irritants are poisons that inflame the mucous membranes by direct action. These include arsenic, copper sulfate, salts of lead, zinc, and phosphorus, and many others. neurotoxins" >neurotoxins or nerve toxins act on the nerves or affect some of the basic cell processes. This large group includes the narcotics, such as opium, heroin, and cocaine, and the barbiturates, anesthetics, and alcohols. hemotoxins" >hemotoxins or blood toxins act on the blood and deprive it of oxygen. They include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocyanic acid, and the gases used in chemical warfare. Some blood toxins destroy the blood cells or the platelets. See also poisoning and names of individual poisons.poison ivy, oak, and sumac common plants of the genus Rhus that cause allergic skin reactions. The poison contained in their leaves, roots, and berries is an oily substance called urushiol. It has no effect on some people; in others, momentary or even indirect contact may cause itching and even painful rashes, blisters, and swelling; see Rhusdermatitis.Poison Ivy. Poison ivy (Rhus radicans) grows in the form of climbing vines, shrubs that trail on the ground, and shrubbery that grows upright without any support. The vine clings to stone and brick houses and climbs trees and poles. It flourishes abundantly along fences, paths, and roadways, and is often partly hidden by other foliage.Recognition. The poison ivy plant is attractive and is often picked as a decoration by unsuspecting flower gatherers. Although poison ivy comes in many forms and displays seasonal changes, it has one constant characteristic: The leaves always grow in clusters of three, one at the end of the stalk, the other two opposite one another.Transmission. The plant is particularly potent in the spring and early summer when it is full of oily resinous sap. This forms an invisible film upon the human skin on contact. Direct contact is not always necessary. Some cases of poison ivy dermatitis are caused by the handling of clothing or garden implements that have been contaminated by the sap, sometimes months earlier; dogs and cats may carry it on their fur. Many people are so sensitive that smoke from a brush fire containing poison ivy brings on a rash.Symptoms. After exposure, the symptoms of poison ivy dermatitis may develop in a matter of hours, though sometimes they do not appear for several days. There is reddening on the hands, neck, face, legs, or whatever parts of the body have been exposed, with considerable itching. Small blisters form which later become larger and eventually exude a watery fluid. The skin then becomes crusty and dry. After a few weeks all symptoms spontaneously disappear.Treatment. An attack of poison ivy dermatitis can sometimes be avoided if the skin is washed immediately after contact. The skin should be lathered several times and rinsed each time in running water. This may remove all or at least part of the poison ivy film before it is able to penetrate the skin. If, despite precautions, dermatitis does develop, various treatments may relieve the itching. An old standard remedy is calamine lotion. If the inflammation becomes unusually severe or is accompanied by fever, a health care provider should be consulted. A cortisone preparation may be prescribed, which can be taken orally, injected, or applied locally as a cream.Poison Oak. Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba or R. toxicodendron), sometimes known as oakleaf ivy, is related to poison ivy and not to the oak tree; its eastern and western varieties resemble each other closely. It is usually a low-growing shrub and seldom a climbing vine. It has three leaves, like poison ivy, but they are lobed and bear a slight resemblance to small oak leaves. Its berries are white and small, like those of poison ivy. Poison oak causes the same symptoms as poison ivy. Prevention and treatment are the same as for poison ivy.Poison Sumac. Although poison sumac (Rhus vernix) goes by other names, such as swamp sumac, poison elder, poison ash, poison dogwood, and thunderwood, there is only one variety of it. Sometimes, however, poison sumac is confused with the several harmless kinds of sumac. Poison sumac is a coarse woody shrub or small tree, and it has white berries, distinguishing it from the harmless varieties of sumac, which have red berries. Symptoms and treatment are the same as for poison ivy.poison center (poison control center) a telephone service with toxicology experts providing emergency treatment advice for all kinds of poisonings, 24 hours a day. Poison control centers also provide poison prevention information to the community and education about recognition and treatment of poison exposures for health care providers. By gathering data about the outcomes of poison exposures, they also identify new or unexpected toxic hazards, allowing for product recalls, reformulations, or repackaging. Their staffs include physicians, nurses, and pharmacists with training in toxicology. There are more than 500 poison control centers in the United States; 65 of them are officially certified and are members of the American Association of Poison Control Centers. All of these provide 24-hour service and can be reached by calling 1-800-222-1222. See the Appendix of Poison Control Centers, which lists the certified ones.poi·son (poy'zŏn), 1. Any substance, either taken internally or applied externally, injurious to health or dangerous to life. 2. A substance that inhibits a chemical reaction or inactivates a catalyst. [Fr., fr. L. potio, potion, draught] poison (poi′zən)n.1. A substance that causes injury, illness, or death, especially by chemical means.2. Something destructive or fatal.3. Chemistry A substance that inhibits another substance or a reaction: a catalyst poison.tr.v. poi·soned, poi·soning, poi·sons 1. To kill or harm with poison.2. To put poison on or into: poisoning arrows; poisoned the drink.3. Chemistry & Physics To inhibit (a substance or reaction).adj. Poisonous.
poi′son·er n.Drug slang A regional street term for heroin, fentanyl
Oncology A popular term for any cytotoxic drug used to manage cancer
Toxicology A toxic substance that adversely affects the metabolism of a cell, tissue or entire organism, evoking biochemical and histologic changes, and possibly evoking irreversible cell damage and/or death
Management
Haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis Sedative-hypnotics (chloral hydrate, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, barbiturates, meprobamate, analgesics), acetaminophen, aspirin, phenacetin, amphetamines, heavy metals (arsenic, lead, mercury) metallic salts (e.g., of calcium or lithium) halides, alkaloids (quinine, strychnine, anilines, carbon tetrachloride, ergotamine, INH, nitrofurantoin, phenytoin, theophylline)
Nondialysis poisons Amitriptyline, anticholinergics, antidepressants, atropine, benzodiazepines, digitalis, hallucinogens, heroin, methaqualone, phenelzine, phenothiazines, propoxyphenepoison Drug slang A regional street term for heroin; fentanyl Toxicology A toxic substance that adversely affects the metabolism of a cell, tissue or entire organism, evoking biochemical and histologic changes, and possibly evoke irreversible cell damage and/or death Management–dialysis Sedative-hypnotics–chloral hydrate, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, barbiturates, meprobamate, analgesics–acetaminophen, aspirin, phenacetin, amphetamines, heavy metals–arsenic, lead, mercury, metallic salts–eg, of calcium or lithium, halides, alkaloids–quinine, strychnine, anilines, carbon tetrachloride, ergotamine, INH, nitrofurantoin, phenytoin, theophylline Nondialysis poisons Amitriptyline, anticholinergics, antidepressants, atropine, benzodiazepines, digitalis, hallucinogens, heroin, methaqualone, phenelzine, phenothiazines, propoxyphene Poison potency–MLD–minimum lethal dose
Agent MLD, mole/kg Botulinum toxin A 3.3 x 10-17 Tetanus toxin 1.0 x 10-15 Diphtheria toxin 4.2 x 10-12 Agent Orange 3.1 x 10-9 Curare 7.2 x 10-7 Strychnine 1.5 x 10-6 Cyanide 2.0 x 10-4
poi·son (poy'zŏn) Any substance, either taken internally or applied externally, which is injurious to health or dangerous to life.
See also: toxicant, intoxicant[Fr., fr. L. potio, potion, draught]poison Any substance capable, in small amounts, of damaging the structure or function of living organisms or of causing their death. The virulence of a poison is assessed by the smallness of the dose required to produce its effect and by the severity of the effect. Many of the most poisonous substances act by interfering with fundamental cell enzyme systems. Bacterial toxins are amongst the most poisonous substances known.poi·son (poy'zŏn) Any substance, either taken internally or applied externally, injurious to health or dangerous to life. [Fr., fr. L. potio, potion, draught]Patient discussion about poisonQ. How Do You Treat Food Poisoning? I've been suffering from food poisoning for the last two days, is there a way to treat it? Is there specific food I should avoid?A. The most important treatment for food poisoning is drinking water. The body loses many fluids and the danger is dehydration. Our body can last longer without food than it can without water, and therefore it is ok to avoid eating as much as you used to for a short period of time until your digestive system can recover. However it is very dangerous to avoid drinking, despite the possible vomiting.At any sign of dehydration (fatigue, dizziness) you should seek medical care. In case your symptoms go on loger than expected you should visit your doctor, because antibiotic treatment may help as well. Q. What are the Symptoms of Food Poisoning? My kid started vomiting non-stop tonight, but has doesn't have a fever. We ate lunch at this new restaurant, could this be related?What are the symptoms of food poisoning? A. Symptoms that occur within 1–6 hours after eating the food, suggest that it is caused by a bacterial toxin or a chemical in the food. During this short "incubation period", microbes pass through the stomach into the intestine, attach to the intestinal walls, and begin to multiply there. Some types of microbes stay in the intestine, some produce a toxin that is absorbed into the bloodstream, and some can directly invade the deeper body tissues. The symptoms produced depend on the type of microbe, but are most commonly vomiting, nausea, fever and stomach aches.
Q. How can I tell if I have food poisoning? I've been having diarrhea and been vomiting for 2 days now. How can I tell if it's food poisoning or anything else?A. when i got food poisioned i was pooping and throwing up at the same time,it lasted for about 10 hours, More discussions about poisonPoison
PoisonAny substance dangerous to living organisms that if applied internally or externally, destroy the action of vital functions or prevent the Continuance of life. Economic poisons are those substances that are used to control insects, weeds, fungi, bacteria, rodents, predatory animals, or other pests. Economic poisons are useful to society but are still dangerous. The way a poison is controlled depends on its potential for harm, its usefulness, and the reasons for its use. The law has a right and a duty pursuant to the Police Power of a state to control substances that can do great harm. In the past, an individual who was harmed by a poison that had been handled in a careless manner could institute a lawsuit for damages against the person who had mishandled the chemical. As time went on, state statutes prescribed the circumstances under which someone was legally liable for injuries caused by a poison. For example, a sale to anyone under sixteen years of age was unlawful, and a seller was required to ensure that the buyer understood that the chemical was poisonous. It was not unusual for all poisons, drugs, and narcotics to be covered by the same statutory scheme. Specialized statutes currently regulate poisons. Pesticides must be registered with the federal government, and those denied registration cannot be used. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued a number of regulations governing the use of approved pesticides. Federal law also prohibits unauthorized adulteration of any product with a poisonous substance and requires clear labeling for anything sold with a poisonous ingredient. It might not be sufficient to list all the chemicals in a container or even to put the word POISON on the label. The manufacturer should also warn of the injuries that are likely to occur and the conditions under which the poison will cause harm. Stricter standards are applied to household products than to poisonous products intended to be used in a factory, on a farm, or by a specially trained person. Poisonous food products are banned. Under other federal regulations, pesticide residues on foods are prohibited above certain low tolerance levels. Certain provisions under federal law seek to protect children from poisoning. Special packaging is required for some household products so that a child will not mistake them for food or will not be able to open containers. Federal funds are available for local programs to reduce or eliminate the danger of poisoning from lead-based paint. Under the Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C.A. § 1261 et seq.), toys containing poisonous substances can be banned or subjected to recall. POISON, crim. law. Those substances which, when applied to the organs of the body, are capable of altering or destroying, in a majority of cases, some or all of the functions necessary to life, are called poisons. 3 Fodere, Traite de Med. Leg. 449; Guy, Med. Jur. 520.
2. When administered with a felonious intent of committing, murder, if. death ensues, it is murder the most detestable, because it can of all others, be least prevented by manhood or forethought. It is a deliberate act necessarily implying malice. 1 Russ. Cr. 429. For the signs which indicate poisoning, vide 2 Beck's Med. Jurisp. ch. 16, p. 236, et seq.; Cooper's Med. Jurisp. 47; Ryan's Med. Jurisp. ch. 15, p. 202, et seq.; Traill, Med. Jur. 109. AcronymsSeePSNpoison
Synonyms for poisonnoun toxinSynonymsnoun contaminationSynonyms- contamination
- corruption
- contagion
- cancer
- virus
- blight
- bane
- malignancy
- miasma
- canker
verb murderSynonyms- murder
- kill
- give someone poison
- administer poison to
verb contaminateSynonyms- contaminate
- foul
- infect
- spoil
- pollute
- blight
- taint
- adulterate
- envenom
- befoul
verb contaminateSynonyms- contaminate
- lace
- spike
- tamper with
- doctor
- adulterate
- put poison in
verb corruptSynonyms- corrupt
- colour
- undermine
- bias
- sour
- pervert
- warp
- taint
- subvert
- embitter
- deprave
- defile
- jaundice
- vitiate
- envenom
adj poisonousSynonyms- poisonous
- deadly
- toxic
- lethal
- venomous
Synonyms for poisonnoun anything that is injurious, destructive, or fatalSynonyms- bane
- canker
- contagion
- toxin
- venom
- virus
noun one that contaminatesSynonyms- adulterant
- adulterator
- contaminant
- contamination
- contaminator
- impurity
- pollutant
verb to make physically impureSynonyms- contaminate
- defile
- foul
- pollute
verb to have a destructive effect onSynonyms- canker
- envenom
- infect
- empoison
adj capable of injuring or killing by poisonSynonyms- mephitic
- mephitical
- poisonous
- toxic
- toxicant
- venomous
- virulent
Synonyms for poisonnoun any substance that causes injury or illness or death of a living organismSynonyms- poisonous substance
- toxicant
Related Words- substance
- atropine
- hyoscyamine
- toxin
noun anything that harms or destroysRelated Wordsverb spoil as if by poisonRelated Words- corrupt
- debase
- debauch
- demoralise
- demoralize
- deprave
- misdirect
- pervert
- profane
- vitiate
- subvert
verb kill with poisonRelated Wordsverb add poison toSynonymsRelated Wordsverb kill by its poisonRelated Wordsverb administer poison toRelated Words |