apprenticeship
ap·pren·tice
A0383300 (ə-prĕn′tĭs)| Noun | 1. |  apprenticeship - the position of apprentice |
| 单词 | apprenticeship | |||
| 释义 | apprenticeshipap·pren·ticeA0383300 (ə-prĕn′tĭs)
apprenticeshipapprentice(əˈprentis) nounapprenticeshipapprenticeship,system of learning a craft or trade from one who is engaged in it and of paying for the instruction by a given number of years of work. The practice was known in ancient Babylon, Egypt, Greece, and Rome, as well as in modern Europe and to some extent in the United States. Typically, in medieval Europe, a master craftsman agreed to instruct a young man, to give him shelter, food, and clothing, and to care for him during illness. The apprentice would bind himself to work for the master for a given time. After that time he would become a journeyman, working for a master for wages, or he set up as a master himself. The medieval guildsguildsor gilds, economic and social associations of persons engaging in the same business or craft, typical of Western Europe in the Middle Ages. Membership was by profession or craft, and the primary function was to establish local control over that profession or ..... Click the link for more information. supervised the relation of master and apprentice and decided the number of apprentices in a given guild. The Industrial Revolution, with its introduction of machinery, put an end to most of these guilds, but apprenticeship continues in highly skilled trades, at times competing with vocational training schools (see vocational educationvocational education, training designed to advance individuals' general proficiency, especially in relation to their present or future occupations. The term does not normally include training for the professions. ..... Click the link for more information. ). The terms of apprenticeship are regulated by many labor agreements as well as by law. The U.S. system of apprenticeships, established in 1937, is modeled on a 1911 Wisconsin law that named 200 occupations that benefited from apprenticeship programs. Some, such as plumbing and carpentry, required a mandatory apprenticeship period. The passage of the Manpower Development and Training Act in 1962 further encouraged apprenticeship programs. In Great Britain apprenticeship programs sometimes include outside schooling at company expense. The apprenticeship programs in continental Europe today differ from those in Great Britain and the United States by offering training in a wide range of fields, not just the skilled crafts. BibliographySee A. Beveridge, Apprenticeship Now (1963); N. F. Duffy, ed., Essays on Apprenticeship (1967); P. Mapp, Women in Apprenticeship (1973). apprenticeshipsee CRAFT APPRENTICESHIP.ApprenticeshipAPPRENTICESHIP, contracts. A contract entered into between a person whounderstands some art, trade or business, and called the master, and anotherperson commonly a minor, during his or her minority, who is called theapprentice, with the consent of his or her parent or next friend by whichthe former undertakes to teach such minor his art, trade or business, and tofulfill such other covenants as may be agreed upon; and the latter agrees toserve the master during a definite period of time, in such art, trade orbusiness. In a common indenture of apprenticeship, the father is bound forthe performance of the covenants by the son. Daug. 500. apprenticeshipApprenticeshipapprenticeshipa form of TRAINING which involves workers committing themselves to one employer for a period of time during which they are to acquire the skills of the trade, mainly through informal instruction by those already skilled (supplemented by some college-provided tuition). Once trained in this way such workers have a set of recognized skills which can, in theory, lead to employment in any organization in the industry. The apprenticeship system has been much censured because it can transmit outdated skills, because competence is defined in terms of time served rather than skills acquired, and because it serves to limit the supply of skilled labour. The employer may not recoup the costs of an apprenticeship in the long run because the apprentice, once trained, may leave for alternative employment. The long-term decline in the apprenticeship system in the UK accelerated towards the end of the 1980s as government removed many of its statutory supports, e.g. by abolishing the Industry Training Boards (established in 1964) and removing the right of those remaining to levy ‘taxes’ on employers to support training. However, mounting alarm about skill shortages led to the apprenticeship system being revitalized in the mid-1990s as the modern apprenticeship. This new form of apprenticeship leads to a NATIONAL VOCATIONAL QUALIFICATION, whilst progress during the apprenticeship is monitored more systematically (with reference to clear industry standards) than under the traditional system.apprenticeship
Synonyms for apprenticeship
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