| 单词 | pentoxifylline | |||
| 释义 | pentoxifyllinepen·tox·if·yl·lineP5186950 (pĕn′tŏk-sĭf′ə-lēn′, -lĭn, pĕn-tŏk′sə-fĭl′ēn′, -ĭn)
pentoxifyllinepentoxifylline[pen″tok-sif´ah-lin]pentoxifyllinePharmacologic class: Hemorrheologic, xanthine derivative Therapeutic class: Hematologic agent Pregnancy risk category C ActionUnknown. Thought to enhance blood flow to the circulatory system by increasing vasoconstriction and oxygen concentrations. AvailabilityTablets (controlled-release, extended-release): 400 mg Indications and dosages➣ Intermittent claudication Adults: 400 mg t.i.d. If adverse reactions occur, decrease to 400 mg b.i.d. Dosage adjustment• Renal impairment Off-label uses• Diabetic angiopathies and neuropathies • Transient ischemic attacks • Severe idiopathic recurrent aphthous stomatitis • Raynaud's phenomenon Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug or methylxanthines (such as caffeine, theophylline, theobromine) • Recent cerebral or retinal hemorrhage PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • patients at risk for bleeding • pregnant or breastfeeding patients • children (safety not established). Administration• Give with meals to minimize GI distress. • Make sure patient swallows tablets whole without crushing, breaking, or chewing.  Adverse reactionsCNS: agitation, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, insomnia, nervousness, tremor, anxiety, confusion, malaise CV: angina, edema, hypotension, arrhythmias EENT: blurred vision, epistaxis, laryngitis, nasal congestion, sore throat GI: nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, belching, bloating, dyspepsia, flatus, cholecystitis, dry mouth, excessive salivation, anorexia Hematologic: leukopenia Respiratory: dyspnea Skin: rash, urticaria, pruritus, brittle fingernails, flushing, angioedema Other: bad taste, weight changes, thirst, flulike symptoms, lymphadenopathy InteractionsDrug-drug. Anticoagulants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): increased risk of bleeding Antihypertensives: additive hypotension Theobromide, theophylline: increased risk of theophylline toxicity Drug-herbs. Anise, arnica, asafetida, chamomile, clove, dong quai, fenugreek, feverfew, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng, licorice: increased risk of bleeding Drug-behaviors. Smoking: decreased pentoxifylline efficacy Patient monitoring• Monitor vital signs and cardiovascular status. Watch for arrhythmias, angina, edema, and hypotension. • Frequently monitor prothrombin time and International Normalized Ratio in patients receiving warfarin concurrently. • Assess theophylline level in patients receiving theophylline-containing drugs concurrently. Patient teaching• Instruct patient to take with meals and to swallow tablets whole without crushing, breaking, or chewing. See Inform patient that drug can cause serious adverse effects. Instruct him to immediately report chest pain, swelling, and flulike symptoms. • Tell patient smoking may make drug less effective and that many over-the-counter preparations (including aspirin, NSAIDs, and herbs) increase risk of bleeding. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, herbs, and behaviors mentioned above. pentoxifylline(pĕn′tŏk-sĭf′ə-lēn′, -lĭn, pĕn-tŏk′sə-fĭl′ēn′, -ĭn)pentoxifyllineTrental® Vascular disease An agent used to prevent blood clots, especially in the elderly; it may also slow weight loss in CA ; may ↓ TNF Adverse effects Headache, tremor, dizziness, indigestion, N&V. See AIDS.pentoxifylline
Synonyms for pentoxifylline
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