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arthroplasty
arthroplasty (ˈɑːθrəˌplæstɪ) n (Surgery) surgical repair of a diseased jointThesaurus| Noun | 1. |  arthroplasty - surgical reconstruction or replacement of a malformed or degenerated jointarthrodesis - the surgical fixation of a joint which is intended to result in bone fusionsurgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process, surgery, operation - a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; "they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available"; "he died while undergoing surgery" |
TranslationsArthroplasty
arthroplasty[′är·thrō‚plas·tē] (medicine) The making of an artificial joint. Reconstruction of a new and functioning joint from an ankylosed one; a plastic operation upon a joint. Arthroplasty an operation that restores function of a joint. Indications for arthroplasty are ankyloses, improperly knitted intra-articular fractures, and deforming arthroses. Arthroplasty consists in disconnecting the joint extremities, modeling new joint surfaces, and placing between them layers of the patient’s tissue (skin or fascia). Caps of cartilage or fetal membrane (amnion) are also used. Preserved joint extremities (homohemijoints) or whole joints (homojoints) taken from corpses, artificial joint heads of plastic or metal (for example, the head of the femur in arthroplasty of the hip joint), and artificial joints (for example, metallic prostheses of the hip joint or of finger joints) are widely used. After the operation, prolonged functional treatment (therapeutic exercise, physiotherapy, and massage) is mandatory. REFERENCEChaklin, V. D. Operativnaia ortopediia. Moscow, 1951.arthroplasty
Arthroplasty DefinitionArthroplasty is surgery to relieve pain and restore range of motion by realigning or reconstructing a joint.PurposeThe goal of arthroplasty is to restore the function of a stiffened joint and relieve pain. Two types of arthroplastic surgery exist. Joint resection involves removing a portion of the bone from a stiffened joint, creating a gap between the bone and the socket, to improve the range of motion. Scar tissue eventually fills the gap. Pain is relieved and motion is restored, but the joint is less stable.Interpositional reconstruction is surgery to reshape the joint and add a prosthetic disk between the two bones forming the joint. The prosthesis can be made of plastic and metal or from body tissue such as fascia and skin. When interpositional reconstruction fails, total joint replacement may be necessary. Joint replacement is also called total joint arthroplasty.In recent years, joint replacement has become the operation of choice for most knee and hip problems. Elbow, shoulder, ankle, and finger joints are more likely to be treated with joint resection or interpositional reconstruction.Arthroplasty is performed on people suffering from severe pain and disabling joint stiffness that result from osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Joint resection, rather than joint replacement, is more likely to be performed on people with rheumatoid arthritis, especially when the elbow joint is involved. Total joint replacement is usually reserved for people over the age of 60.PrecautionsIf both the bone and socket of a joint are damaged, joint replacement is usually the preferred treatment.DescriptionArthroplasty is performed under general or regional anesthesia in a hospital, by an orthopedic surgeon. Certain medical centers specialize in joint surgery and tend to have higher success rates than less specialized centers.In joint resection, the surgeon makes an incision at the joint, then carefully removes minimum amount of bone necessary to allow free motion. The more bone that remains, the more stable the joint. Ligament attachments are preserved as much as possible. In interpositional reconstruction, both bones of the joint are reshaped, and a disk of material is placed between the bones to prevent their rubbing together. Length of hospital stay depends on which joint is treated, but is normally only a few days.PreparationPrior to arthroplasty, all the standard preoperative blood and urine tests are performed. The patient meets with the anesthesiologist to discuss any special conditions that affect the administration of anesthesia.AftercarePatients who have undergone arthroplasty must be careful not to over stress or destabilize the joint. Physical therapy is begun immediately. Antibiotics are given to prevent infection.RisksJoint resection and interpositional reconstruction do not always produce successful results, especially in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Repeat surgery or total joint replacement may be necessary. As with any major surgery, there is always a risk of an allergic reaction to anesthesia or that blood clots will break loose and obstruct the arteries.Normal resultsMost patients recover with improved range of motion in the joint and relief from pain.ResourcesBooks"Joint Replacement." In Everything You Need to Know About Medical Treatments. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corp., 1996.Other"Darrach's Procedure." Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics Page. http://www.medmedia.com/ooa1/119.htm.Key termsFascia — Thin connective tissue covering or separating the muscles and internal organs of the body.Rheumatoid arthritis — A joint disease of unknown origins that may begin at an early age, causing deformity and loss of function in the joints.arthroplasty [ahr´thro-plas″te] plastic repair of a joint; called also joint replacement.total hip arthroplasty replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses (femoral and acetabular components) that are anchored to the bone, done to replace a severely damaged hip joint. A, Total hip arthroplasty. A cementless prosthesis allows porous ingrowth of bone. B, Total knee arthroplasty using a tibial metal retainer and a femoral component. The femoral component is chosen individually for each person according to the amount of healthy bone present. From Polaski and Tatro, 1996. Called also total hip replacement. Patient Care. The most frequent complications to guard against in these patients are infection and dislocation. An interdisciplinary team helps the patient with recovery and rehabilitation after surgery. Before surgery patients are given instruction to assure that they understand the nature of the surgery, its expected outcome, procedures and exercises that will be done postoperatively, and the correct use of aids to ambulation such as a walker, crutch, or cane.
In addition to routine postoperative care to avoid respiratory and circulatory complications, special care must be taken in positioning the patient. In order to prevent subluxation (dislocation) of the prosthesis, an abduction wedge is secured between the legs (usually in the operating room) and left in place until removed by the surgeon. The head of the patient's bed should not be raised more than 45 degrees.
Patients usually are allowed to stand at the bedside the first postoperative day, supported by a walker and two persons. Specific written permission for weight-bearing on the affected joint should be obtained from the surgeon before this is allowed. Patients often need additional instruction and help in transferring from bed to chair, wheelchair, and commode. Whenever a sitting position is assumed, the chair seat should be raised so that the hips are not flexed beyond a 90-degree angle.
Discharge planning should include instructions that will enable patients to care for themselves safely at home. These include: (1) It is safe to lie on your operated side. (2) For three months you should not cross your legs. (3) Place a pillow between your legs when you roll over on your abdomen or lie on your side in bed. (4) It is safe to bend your hip, but not beyond a right (90-degree) angle. (5) Faithfully continue the exercise program started in the hospital. Patients who need assistance in self-care are referred to a home health agency, social worker, or nurse" >community health nurse.total joint arthroplasty arthroplasty in which both sides of a joint are removed and replaced by artificial implants anchored to the bones; the most common joints treated are the hip, knee, elbow, and shoulder. Called also total joint replacement.total knee arthroplasty arthroplasty of both sides of the knee joint, with tibial, patellar, and femoral components.ar·thro·plas·ty (ar'thrō-plas'tē), 1. Creation of an artificial joint to correct advanced degenerative arthritis. 2. An operation to restore as far as possible the integrity and functional power of a joint. [arthro- + G. plastos, formed] arthroplasty (är′thrə-plăs′tē)n.1. The creation of an artificial joint.2. The surgical restoration of the integrity and functional power of a joint.arthroplasty Surgical repair of a joint. See Implantation arthroplasty, Total hip replacement, Total knee replacement, WOMAC. ar·thro·plas·ty (ahr'thrō-plas-tē, ahrthrō-plas-tē) 1. Creation of an artificial joint to reduce pain and/or restore mobility to a joint. 2. An operation to restore as far as possible the integrity and functional power of a joint. [G. arthron, joint, + -plasty, reparative procedure, fr. plassō, to shape]arthroplasty The surgical creation of a new joint or the insertion of an artificial joint. Total hip joint replacement is a common example of arthroplasty. The operation is done to restore mobility, and relieve pain and deformity. Problems may arise from loss of firm fixation and mechanical wear of the prosthetic parts.ar·thro·plas·ty (ahr'thrō-plas-tē, ahrthrō-plas-tē) 1. Creating an artificial joint to correct ankylosis. 2. An operation to restore the integrity and functional power of a joint. [G. arthron, joint, + -plasty, reparative procedure, fr. plassō, to shape]arthroplasty
Words related to arthroplastynoun surgical reconstruction or replacement of a malformed or degenerated jointRelated Words- arthrodesis
- surgical operation
- surgical procedure
- surgical process
- surgery
- operation
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