| 释义 |
redundancy
re·dun·dan·cy R0108400 (rĭ-dŭn′dən-sē)n. pl. re·dun·dan·cies 1. The state of being redundant.2. Something redundant or excessive; a superfluity.3. Repetition of linguistic information inherent in the structure of a language, as singularity in the sentence It works.4. Excessive wordiness or repetition in expression.5. Chiefly British a. The state or fact of being unemployed because work is no longer offered or considered necessary.b. A dismissal of an employee from work for being no longer necessary; a layoff.6. Electronics Duplication or repetition of elements in electronic equipment to provide alternative functional channels in case of failure.7. Repetition of parts or all of a message to circumvent transmission errors.8. Genetics See degeneracy.Usage Note: The usages that critics have condemned as redundancies fall into several classes. Some expressions, such as old adage, mental telepathy, and VAT tax have become fixed expressions and seem harmless enough. In some cases, such as consensus of opinion and hollow tube, the use of what is regarded as an unnecessary modifier or qualifier can sometimes be justified on the grounds that it in fact makes a semantic contribution. Thus a hollow tube can be distinguished from one that has been blocked up with deposits, and a consensus of opinion can be distinguished from a consensus of judgments or practices. Some locutions, such as close proximity, have been so well established that criticizing them may seem petty.redundancy (rɪˈdʌndənsɪ) n, pl -cies1. (Industrial Relations & HR Terms) a. the state or condition of being redundant or superfluous, esp superfluous in one's jobb. (as modifier): a redundancy payment. 2. Also (less commonly): redundance excessive proliferation or profusion, esp of superfluity3. (Electronics) duplication of components in electronic or mechanical equipment so that operations can continue following failure of a part4. (General Engineering) duplication of components in electronic or mechanical equipment so that operations can continue following failure of a part5. (Telecommunications) repetition of information or inclusion of additional information to reduce errors in telecommunication transmissions and computer processing6. (Computer Science) repetition of information or inclusion of additional information to reduce errors in telecommunication transmissions and computer processingre•dun•dan•cy (rɪˈdʌn dən si) also re•dun′dance,
n., pl. -dan•cies also -danc•es. 1. the state of being redundant. 2. a redundant thing; superfluity. 3. the provision of a duplicate system or equipment as a backup. 4. Ling. a. the inclusion of more information than is necessary for communication. b. the additional, predictable information so included. c. the degree of predictability thereby created. 5. Chiefly Brit. layoff from a job; unemployment. [1595–1605; < Latin redundantia an overflowing, excess, derivative of redundāns redundant; see -ancy] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | redundancy - repetition of messages to reduce the probability of errors in transmissionrepetitiousness, repetitiveness - verboseness resulting from excessive repetitions | | 2. | redundancy - the attribute of being superfluous and unneeded; "the use of industrial robots created redundancy among workers"redundanceoverplus, plethora, superfluity, embarrassment - extreme excess; "an embarrassment of riches"fifth wheel, deadwood - someone or something that is unwanted and unneeded | | 3. | redundancy - (electronics) a system design that duplicates components to provide alternatives in case one component failsconfiguration, constellation - an arrangement of parts or elements; "the outcome depends on the configuration of influences at the time"electronics - the branch of physics that deals with the emission and effects of electrons and with the use of electronic devices | | 4. | redundancy - repetition of an act needlesslyrepeating, repetition - the act of doing or performing again |
redundancynoun1. layoff, sacking, dismissal They hope to avoid future redundancies.2. unemployment, the sack (informal), the axe (informal), joblessness Thousands of employees are facing redundancy.3. superfluity, excess, surplus, surfeit, uselessness, superabundance, expendability the redundancy of its two main exhibitsredundancynounWords or the use of words in excess of those needed for clarity or precision:diffuseness, diffusion, long-windedness, pleonasm, prolixity, verbiage, verboseness, verbosity, windiness, wordage, wordiness.Translationsredundant (rəˈdandənt) adjective (of workers) no longer employed because there is no longer any job for them where they used to work. Fifty men have just been made redundant at the local factory. 因人力過剩而被解雇的(員工) 因人员过剩而被解雇的，多余的 reˈdundancy – plural reˈdundancies – nounThere have been a lot of redundancies at the local factory recently; the problem of redundancy. 多餘 多余
Redundancy
redundancy[ri′dən·dən·sē] (computer science) Any deliberate duplication or partial duplication of circuitry or information to decrease the probability of a system or communication failure. (communications) In the transmission of information, the fraction of the gross information content of a message which can be eliminated without loss of essential information. (genetics) Repetition of a deoxyribonucleic acid sequence in a nucleus. Multiplicity of codons for individual amino acids. (mathematics) A repetitive statement. (mechanics) A statically indeterminate structure. Redundancy the presence in a technical device of capacities greater than those required to ensure its normal operation. Redundancy is introduced to increase the reliability of a device under various operating conditions or to prevent interference and malfunctions in the transmitting or receiving equipment from affecting the authenticity of the data being transmitted. A particular type of redundancy is equipment redundancy, or reservation. Other types of redundancy include data redundancy; time redundancy, which is a time reserve for repeated performance of the operation (for example, repeating calculations two or three times in a computer); and power redundancy, which is a power reserve that may be used under more difficult operating conditions or upon aging of a device (for example, by installing a more powerful engine than is necessary under normal operating conditions).
Redundancy in engineering, an effective method of increasing the reliability of technical apparatus by incorporating an additional number of components and connections over the minimum necessary to perform specified functions under given operating conditions. The components of the minimized structure of an apparatus, which ensures the operational readiness of the apparatus, are called the major components (MC); redundant components (RC) are those used to ensure the operational readiness of the apparatus if the MC’s fail. Redundancy is classified according to a number of indexes, of which the most fundamental are the redundancy level, the redundancy coefficient, the state of the RC’s up to the time they are put into operation, the provision for joint operation of the MC’s and RC’s with a common load, and the means of combining the MC’s and the RC’s. The redundancy levels are classified as overall redundancy, in which a reserve is provided in case of failure of the whole object, and partial redundancy, in which reserves are provided for individual parts of the object, such as units, subassemblies, and components; composite redundancy features a combination of overall and partial redundancy methods. The redundancy coefficient refers to the ratio of the number of RC’s to the number of MC’s in the apparatus. Single redundancy is called duplication. Depending on the state of the RC’s up to the time they are put into operation, reserves may be classified as loaded (under the same load as the MC’s), reduced (loaded less than the MC’s), and unloaded (under practically no load). The possibility of joint operation of RC’s and MC’s with a common load is determined by whether the components can be connected simultaneously to the load without causing a failure in the reserve group. Redundancy also depends on the method of combining MC’s and RC’s in the composition of the reserve group. In the permanent connection method, all components—both MC’s and RC’s—are connected to a common load during the entire time the apparatus is operating. In the semipermanent connection method, only components in good working order remain connected to the common load; those that have failed are disconnected. In partially active redundant systems, only MC’s in good working order are connected to the common load at the start of operations; when an MC fails, an RC is connected but the faulty MC is not disconnected. In active redundant systems only MC’s in good working order are connected to the common load at the start of operation; if, however, one of them fails, an RC is connected and the faulty MC is disconnected. The disconnection of faulty MC’s and the connection of RC’s is accomplished either manually or automatically; in the latter case, appropriate apparatus is required, whose reliability must be considered in designing the whole system. In practice, the use of redundancy is limited by the permissible values of the weight, volume, cost, or other parameters of the apparatus to be reserved. It is therefore necessary to solve an optimization problem for redundancy that has two aspects: providing the maximum values of the reliability indexes for a given value of a limiting factor and providing specified values of the reliability indexes for a minimum value of a limiting factor. The types of redundancy discussed above pertain to structural redundancy, which is the most common type. Other types of redundancy also exist, including redundancies with respect to the load and time. REFERENCEKozlov, B. A., and I. A. Ushakov. Kratkii spravochnik po raschetu na-dezhnosti radioelektronnoi apparatury. Moscow, 1966.V. N. FOMIN
Redundancy according to Soviet law, one of the grounds for the administration of an enterprise to annul the contract of employment with industrial or nonindustrial workers. Workers may be dismissed for reasons of redundancy because of a reduction in the amount of work of an enterprise or the introduction of various technical and administrative improvements resulting in the elimination of certain jobs, although the volume of work remains unchanged or even increases. Reorganization of an enterprise or institution by merger or division cannot be considered suitable grounds for annulling a contract of employment unless redundancy is evident. Workers may be dismissed for reasons of redundancy only if it is impossible to transfer them to a new job with their consent. In deciding which workers may remain on the job, preference is given to workers of higher qualification and labor productivity. In case of equal qualification and labor productivity, preference is given to the following categories of workers: those having a family with two or more dependents, those whose families have no other working members with an independent income, those who have worked steadily at the enterprise for an extended period of time, and those suffering a work-related disability or illness. Other categories receiving preferential treatment are indicated in the Labor Code of the RSFSR (art. 34), the Labor Code of the Ukrainian SSR (art. 42), the Labor Code of the Byelorussian SSR (art. 34), and the Labor Code of the Georgian SSR (art. 36). redundancy (architecture, parallel)The provision of multipleinterchangeable components to perform a single function inorder to provide resilience (to cope with failures anderrors). Redundancy normally applies primarily to hardware.For example, a cluster may contain two or three computersdoing the same job. They could all be active all the timethus giving extra performance through parallel processingand load balancing; one could be active and the otherssimply monitoring its activity so as to be ready to take overif it failed ("warm standby"); the "spares" could be keptturned off and only switched on when needed ("cold standby").Another common form of hardware redundancy is disk mirroring.
Redundancy can also be used to detect and recover from errors,either in hardware or software. A well known example of thisis the cyclic redundancy check which adds redundant data toa block in order to detect corruption during storage ortransmission. If the cost of errors is high enough, e.g. in asafety-critical system, redundancy may be used in bothhardware AND software with three separate computers programmedby three separate teams ("triple redundancy") and some systemto check that they all produce the same answer, or some kindof majority voting system.redundancy (communications)The proportion of a message's grossinformation content that can be eliminated without losingessential information.
Technically, redundancy is one minus the ratio of the actualuncertainty to the maximum uncertainty. This is the fractionof the structure of the message which is determined not by thechoice of the sender, but rather by the accepted statisticalrules governing the choice of the symbols in question.
[Shannon and Weaver, 1948, p. l3]redundancyHaving a secondary peripheral, computer system or network device that takes over when the primary unit fails. See fault tolerant, mirroring, RAID, hot standby and backup types.redundancy
re·dun·dan·cy (rē-dŭn'dăn-sē), Occurrence of linearly arranged, largely identical, repeated sequences of DNA.redundancy Medtalk The duplication of time-sensitive or failure-prone equipment–eg, computer server, surgical supplies, etc–allowing the system or surgeon to switch to a backup device with minimal compromise in Pt management or critical systematic functions or activities. See Laparoscopic surgery. redundancy
Related to redundancy: Redundancy payredundancy termination of employment because of the disappearance of the need for the job. In the employment law of the UK, certain rights accrue to someone who is made redundant, i.e. if his dismissal is the result wholly or mainly of the cessation of the employer's business or to the cessation or diminution of demands for particular work. Redundancy can be a potentially fair reason for dismissal, preventing a claim for unfair dismissal, but it might be unfair if the particular employee has been unfairly selected, as where he is perhaps the longest-serving employee but is the first to be made redundant. In any event, an employee who has served two years of continuous employment will be entitled to a redundancy payment based upon the years of service and the employee's age.REDUNDANCY. Matter introduced in an answer, or pleading, which is foreign to the bill or articles.
2. In the case of Dysart v. Dysart, 3 Curt. Ecc. R. 543, in giving the judgment of the court, Dr. Lushington says: "It may not, perhaps, be easy to define the meaning of this term [redundant] in a short sentence, but the true meaning I take to be this: the respondent is not to insert in his answer any matter foreign to the articles he is called upon to answer, although such matter may be admissible in a plea; but he may, in his answer, plead matter by way of explanation pertinent to the articles, even if such matter shall be solely in his own knowledge and to such extent incapable of proof; or he may state matter which can be substantiated by witnesses; but in this latter instance, if such matter be introduced into the answer and not afterwards put in the plea or proved, the court will give no weight or credence to such part of the answer."
3. A material distinction is to be observed between redundancy in the allegation and redundancy in the proof. In the former case, a variance between the allegation and the proof will be fatal if the redundant allegations are descriptive of that which is essential. But in the latter case, redundancy cannot vitiate, because more is proved than is alleged, unless the matter superfluously proved goes to contradict some essential part of the allegation. 1 Greenl. Ev. Sec. 67; 1 Stark. Ev. 401. redundancy
redundancy the termination of an individual's employment when the employer ceases trading or the job ceases to be required because of rationalization, change of product etc. When an employer decides to make part or all of a workforce redundant the European Collective Redundancies Directive requires that the workforce be consulted on the extent, distribution and rationale for redundancy. Advance notice must be given with the extent of this dictated by the number of planned redundancies. Consultation must take place with union representatives, specially elected employee representatives where a TRADE UNION is not present, or (exceptionally) directly with all employees. Employees with more than two years' service are statutorily entitled to a redundancy or severance payment. For adult employees under 40 this is one week's pay for each year of service, for those of 40 plus it is one and a half week's pay for each year up to a maximum of twenty years. Many employers choose to make payments substantially above the statutory level (in some public sector organizations there are special schemes to support this) to sweeten the pill of redundancy. Selection of employees for redundancy can be a traumatic process and, if the organization is to continue trading, needs to be conducted fairly if the morale of those remaining is not to be irretrievably dented. A favoured option is to seek voluntary recruits for redundancy among older employees, backed up by generous redundancy payments and possibly early access to pension benefits. An alternative method is ‘last-in-first-out’ (LIFO),i.e. those with shorter service are selected for redundancy. Whilst superficially fair the problem with this is that it potentially removes those young workers who have most to offer the organization in the long term. Whatever the method chosen, redundancy is undoubtedly a distressing process for all those involved. Some more progressive organizations offer counselling services to aid adjustment and to rebuild confidence. Others, especially where very large numbers have been made redundant, have set up employment agencies in an attempt to find alternative work. Although trade unions sometimes declare their intention to fight redundancies, they and their members are generally unwilling to take any form of industrial action since this could imperil redundancy payments. Unions, therefore, usually come to devote their efforts to ensuring that individuals are treated fairly by those handling the redundancy process. redundancy the loss of jobs by employees, brought about by company RATIONALIZATION and reorganization that results from falling demand or PRODUCTIVITY improvement. In the UK, adult employees under 40 years of age are entitled to redundancy or severance payment of one week's pay for each year of service, and for those over 40, it is one and a half week's pay for each year up to a maximum of 20 years. See UNEMPLOYMENT.redundancy
Related to redundancy: Redundancy paySynonyms for redundancynoun layoffSynonymsnoun unemploymentSynonyms- unemployment
- the sack
- the axe
- joblessness
noun superfluitySynonyms- superfluity
- excess
- surplus
- surfeit
- uselessness
- superabundance
- expendability
Synonyms for redundancynoun words or the use of words in excess of those needed for clarity or precisionSynonyms- diffuseness
- diffusion
- long-windedness
- pleonasm
- prolixity
- verbiage
- verboseness
- verbosity
- windiness
- wordage
- wordiness
Synonyms for redundancynoun repetition of messages to reduce the probability of errors in transmissionRelated Words- repetitiousness
- repetitiveness
noun the attribute of being superfluous and unneededSynonymsRelated Words- overplus
- plethora
- superfluity
- embarrassment
- fifth wheel
- deadwood
noun (electronics) a system design that duplicates components to provide alternatives in case one component failsRelated Words- configuration
- constellation
- electronics
noun repetition of an act needlesslyRelated Words |