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prostatitis
pros·ta·ti·tis P0609600 (prŏs′tə-tī′tĭs)n. Inflammation of the prostate gland.prostatitis (ˌprɒstəˈtaɪtɪs) n (Pathology) inflammation of the prostate glandpros•ta•ti•tis (ˌprɒs təˈtaɪ tɪs)
n. inflammation of the prostate gland. prostatitisInflammation of the prostate gland due to infection of the genitourinary tract.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | prostatitis - inflammation of the prostate gland characterized by perineal pain and irregular urination and (if severe) chills and feverinflammation, redness, rubor - a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat |
Translations
prostatitis
prostatitis (prŏs'tətī`tĭs), inflammation of the prostate glandprostate gland,
gland that is part of the male reproductive system. It is an organ about the size of a chestnut and consists of glandular and muscular tissue. It is situated below the neck of the bladder, encircling the urethra.
..... Click the link for more information. . Acute prostatitis is usually a result of infection in the urinary tract or infection carried by the blood; in many cases the infection spreads from the urethra and is contracted through sexual transmission. Symptoms include fever, low back pain, and difficulty or pain in urination; the gland is tender and swollen. Infection, caused by a variety of pathogenic bacteria and certain protozoans, is treated by an appropriate antibioticantibiotic,
any of a variety of substances, usually obtained from microorganisms, that inhibit the growth of or destroy certain other microorganisms. Types of Antibiotics
..... Click the link for more information. . Healing is usually complete, but the condition may become chronic if the infecting organism persists.Prostatitis acute or chronic inflammation of the prostate gland caused by gonococcal, staphylococcal, streptococcal, or tuberculous infection, trichomonads, or other factors. The symptoms of acute prostatitis are a burning sensation in the urethra, frequent and painful urination, and the presence of pus in the urine; other possible symptoms are elevated temperature, a sharp pain in the perineum, and acute retention of urine. All the symptoms are more pronounced if the prostate is abscessed. Chronic prostatitis may result from acute prostatitis or develop as an independent illness; it is characterized by malaise, dull pain in the perineum and lumbosacral region, impairment of sexual function, and frequent urination. Treatment of acute prostatitis includes bed rest, antimicrobial therapy, application of heat, and the administration of pain relievers and antispasmodics. Surgery is indicated if an abscess has formed. Chronic prostatitis is treated with massage of the prostate and pelotherapy in addition to the above measures. REFERENCEPytel’, A. Ia., and N. A. Lopatkin. Urologiia. Moscow, 1970.prostatitis[‚präs·tə′tīd·əs] (medicine) Inflammation of the prostate. prostatitis
Prostatitis DefinitionProstatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland, a common condition in adult males. Often caused by infection, prostatitis may develop rapidly (acute) or slowly (chronic).DescriptionProstatitis may be the symptom-producing disease of the genitourinary tract for which men most often seek medical help. About 40% of visits to a specialist in genitourinary problems (urologist) are for prostatitis. Forms of prostate inflammation include acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis and inflammation not caused by bacterial infection. A painful condition called prostatodynia, which may be caused by abnormal nerves or muscles in the region, is also thought to be a form of prostatitis. The chronic bacterial form is sometimes experienced by men whose sex partners have a bacterial infection of the vagina, making this a sexually transmitted disease. Other cases occur when small stones form within the prostate and become infected. Sometimes infection is caused by poor hygiene, surgical procedures, or even swimming in polluted water.The sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea may sometimes cause prostatitis, and tuberculosis may spread to the prostate. Parasites and fungi may infect the prostate gland. Some men whose prostatitis is not caused by any microorganism have microscopic collections of cells called granulomas in their prostate tissue. Whether viruses also may cause prostatitis is debatable.Causes and symptomsHowever the inflammation may begin, it causes blockages in the tiny glands within the prostate so that secretions build up, and the prostate swells. In acute cases, this swelling can occur very suddenly and cause considerable pain. When prostatitis develops gradually, trouble with the flow of urine may be the first symptom. Small stones may form, because the body attempts to neutralize bacteria by coating them with calcium. These stones may become infected themselves and make the condition worse.Symptoms and signs that are typically experienced by men with prostatitis include:- Difficulties in urinating. Most urinary problems are caused when the swollen prostate blocks the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body (urethra). Patients feel the need to urinate more often than usual, often urgently. Urination is sometimes painful. It is hard to start the flow of urine and difficult to totally empty the bladder. Patients wake up at night to urinate. The stream may be weak or split. Dribbling after attempts to urinate may leave embarrassing wet spots on clothing. In severe prostatitis blood or sand-like particles (small calcium collections) may be passed in the urine.
- Pain. Besides pain when urinating, caused by prostate swelling, stimulation of nerves in the prostate gland may cause pain in the penis, one or both testicles, the lower stomach, the low back, and the area between the scrotum and the anus (perineum). Some patients experience pain during or after ejaculation, whenever they sit down or walk, or during bowel movements.
- Sex and fertility. The pain of prostatitis can make it impossible to enjoy sex. Men with prostatitis may be troubled by early release of sperm (premature ejaculation). Occasionally there is blood in the semen. Some of the drugs prescribed to ease the flow of the urine can dampen the desire to have sex. Because the normal prostate secretions make up part of the semen, prostatitis may lower fertility by severely lowering the number of sperm and making them less mobile.
- Psychological problems. A man with prostatitis who feels that nothing can be done and he "just has to live with it" may experience serious depression. Low sexual desire certainly contributes to depression.
A person with acute prostatitis may suddenly develop fever and chills, along with rapidly developing urinary symptoms and pain in the perineum or low back. This state is a medical emergency that demands immediate medical help.DiagnosisMost often the symptoms and physical findings are enough to form a diagnosis of prostatitis. When the examiner inserts a finger in the rectum, the swollen prostate can be felt; it may be extremely tender when probed. Squeezing the gland slightly will produce a few drops of fluid that may be cultured to learn whether bacteria are present. The fluid typically contains a large number of white blood cells, especially the cells used to fight off infection (macrophages). Note: too much pressure on the prostate can force bacteria into the blood and cause a serious general infection. Many patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis also have recurring urinary tract infections (diagnosed by examining and culturing urine samples). These infections can be an important clue to the diagnosis. If doubt remains, the urologist may insert a special instrument called a cystoscope through the penis to directly view the prostate from inside and see whether it looks inflamed.TreatmentAcute prostatitis is first treated with antibiotics. Even though it may be difficult for drugs to actually get into the inflamed prostate, most patients do quickly get better. If intravenous antibiotics are needed or the bladder is retaining urine, a hospital stay may be necessary. Broad-spectrum antibiotics that work against most bacteria are used first. At the same time tests are done with samples of prostatic fluid to determine which bacterium is causing the infection, so that drugs can be prescribed to fight the specific germ. In chronic cases, the best results are obtained with a combination of the antibiotics trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Oral antibiotics should be given for one to three months; longer, if necessary. If a fungus or some other organism is causing infection, special drugs are available. If chronic prostatitis continues despite all medical efforts and is seriously affecting the patient's life, the prostate may be removed surgically.Nonbacterial prostatitis requires other measures to relieve urinary symptoms. These measures include drugs that fight inflammation (steroids or nonsteroids) and a type of drug called an alpha-blocker that reduces muscle tension. Reduced muscle tension eases urine flow, allowing the bladder to empty. A narrowed urethra may be widened by placing a collapsed balloon at the site of obstruction and expanding it. This procedure is called balloon dilation. The effects of such dilation are usually temporary. Some physicians believe that stress is an important factor in prostatitis, and therefore prescribe diazepam (Valium) or another tranquilizer. The type of prostatitis known as prostatodynia is usually treated with a combination of muscle relaxing drugs, heat, special exercises, and sometimes a tranquilizer.There are a number of "tips" for relieving symptoms of prostatitis. They are especially helpful early on, before antibiotics have a chance to cure infection, or for patients with chronic or non-bacterial prostatitis:- Hot sitz baths. Exposing the perineum to very hot water for 20 minutes or longer often relieves pain.
- Ice. When heat does not help, ice packs, or simply placing a small ice cube in the rectum, may relieve pain for hours.
- Water. A patient who has to urinate very often may want to cut back on his fluid intake but this will cause dehydration and increase the risk of bladder infection. Instead, it is best to drink plenty of water.
- Diet. Most doctors recommend cutting out-or cutting down on-caffeine (as in coffee or tea), alcohol, and spicy or acid foods. Constipation should be avoided because large, hard bowel movements may press on the swollen prostate and cause great pain. Bran cereals and whole-grain breads are helpful.
- Exercise. It is especially important for patients with chronic prostatitis to keep up their activity level. Simply walking often will help (unless walking happens to make the pain worse).
- Frequent ejaculation. Ejaculating two or three times a week often is recommended, especially when taking antibiotics.
Alternative treatmentA treatment popularized in the Philippines is called "prostate drainage." At regular intervals, a finger is inserted into the rectum, to exert pressure on the prostate at the same time that an antibiotic treatment is given. Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine also can be effective in treating prostatitis. Nutritional supplements that support the prostate, including zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, several amino acids, and anti-inflammatory nutrients and herbs, can help reduce pain and promote healing. Western herbal medicine recommends saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) to support the prostate gland. Hot and cold contrast sitz baths can help reduce inflammation.PrognosisMost patients with acute bacterial prostatitis are cured if they receive proper antibiotic treatment. Every effort should be made to get a cure at the acute stage because chronic prostatitis can be much more difficult to eliminate. If the acute illness is not controlled, complications such as a localized infection (prostatic abscess), kidney infection, or infection of the blood (septicemia) may develop. When chronic prostatitis cannot be cured, it still is possible to keep urinary symptoms under control and keep the patient active by using low doses of antibiotics and other measures. If a man with any form of prostatitis develops serious psychological problems, he should be referred to a psychiatric specialist.PreventionPotential sources of infection should be avoided. Good perineal hygiene should be maintained and sex should be avoided when one's partner has an active bacterial vaginal infection. If the kidneys, bladder, or other genitourinary organs are infected, prompt treatment may prevent the development of prostatitis. By far the best way of preventing chronic prostatitis is to treat an initial acute episode promptly and effectively.ResourcesOrganizationsProstate Health Council, American Foundation for Urologic Disease. 1128 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21201. (800) 242-AFUD.Prostatitis Foundation, Information Distribution Center. 2029 Ireland Grove Park, Bloomington, IL 61704. (309) 664-6222. http://www.prostate.org.Key termsCulture — A test in which a sample of body fluid, such as prostatic fluid, is placed on materials specially formulated to grow microorganisms. A culture is used to learn what type of bacterium is causing infection.Cystoscope — A viewing instrument that is passed up the urethra into the region of the prostate to get a good look at the organ "from the inside."Ejaculation — Theprocess bywhich semen(made up in part of prostatic fluid) is ejected by the erect penis.Granuloma — A cluster of cells that form in tissue which has been inflamed for some time.Perineum — An area close to the prostate, between the scrotum and anus.prostatitis [pros″tah-ti´tis] inflammation of the prostate. adj., adj prostatit´ic.allergic prostatitis (eosinophilic prostatitis) a condition seen in certain allergies, characterized by diffuse infiltration of the prostate by eosinophils, with small foci of fibrinoid necrosis.nonspecific granulomatous prostatitis prostatitis characterized by focal or diffuse tissue infiltration by peculiar, large, pale macrophages.pros·ta·ti·tis (pros'tă-tī'tis), Inflammation of the prostate. The NIH consensus designates 4 categories of prostatitis: I, acute bacterial prostatitis; II, chronic bacterial prostatitis; III, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A, inflammatory and B, noninflammatory; and IV, asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis [prostat- + G. -itis, inflammation] prostatitis (prŏs′tə-tī′tĭs)n. Inflammation of the prostate gland.prostatitis Urology Inflammation of the prostate. See Granulomatous prostatitis. pros·ta·ti·tis (pros'tă-tī'tis) Inflammation of the prostate. [prostat- + G. -itis, inflammation]prostatitis Inflammation of the prostate gland. This is commonly caused by bacterial infection which may be sexually acquired. There is pain on passing urine, increased frequency of urination and sometimes discharge. In severe cases there may be fever. Prolonged treatment with antibiotics may be needed.pros·ta·ti·tis (pros'tă-tī'tis) Inflammation of the prostate. [prostat- + G. -itis, inflammation]Patient discussion about prostatitisQ. Can chronic prostatitis be cured? If so, what are the most efficient treatments?A. More discussions about prostatitisprostatitis
Related to prostatitis: Chronic prostatitisWords related to prostatitisnoun inflammation of the prostate gland characterized by perineal pain and irregular urination and (if severe) chills and feverRelated Words |