| 释义 |
pulmonary emphysema
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  pulmonary emphysema - an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function; associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old ageemphysemarespiratory disease, respiratory disorder, respiratory illness - a disease affecting the respiratory systemchronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a nonreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; usually patients have been heavy cigarette smokers |
Pulmonary Emphysema
Emphysema, Pulmonary the name for various pathological conditions characterized by an excessive amount of air in the lungs. Pulmonary emphysema may be congenital or acquired, localized or diffuse, and acute or chronic. In humans, it is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme α1-antitrypsin. Acute acquired emphysema is caused by acute bronchial obstruction, as in bronchial asthma. Chronic diffuse emphysema often develops as a complication of chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, and other diseases of the bronchopulmonary system as a result of bronchial obstruction. Exhaling requires increased pressure within the alveoli, which leads to compression of small bronchi, entry of air into collapsed alveoli through the interstitial pores, and merging of the alveoli. The disease also decreases the elasticity of pulmonary tissue. The volume of the lungs increases, the alveolar septa become attenuated, and the capillaries break down. Patients suffer from a cough, sometimes with sputum, as well as shortness of breath and difficulty in exhaling. The chest is barrel-shaped, and the intercostal spaces are flattened. Characteristic body changes are revealed by percussion and auscultation of the lungs, X-ray examinations, electrocardiograms, and the determination of the lung capacity and other parameters of external respiratory function. Progressive emphysema gives rise to cor pulmonale and pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency. Treatment depends on the main process in the lungs. It includes the use of antispasmodics, expectorants, oxygen therapy, antibiotics, sulfanilamides, and corrective exercise. Prevention requires the prompt treatment of chronic respiratory diseases, especially chronic bronchitis. REFERENCESMukharliamov, N. M. Legochnoe serdtse. Moscow, 1973.
Malova, M. N. Emfizema legkikh. Moscow, 1975.N. M. MUKHARLIAMOVAcute pulmonary emphysema also occurs in animals, for example, horses, oxen, and draft dogs after strenuous work. It also occurs as a result of constriction of the lumen of the respiratory pathways or bronchi, or extensive inflammation of the lungs. Treatment includes the administration of sedatives, expectorants, and disinfectants. Chronic pulmonary emphysema develops from acute pulmonary emphysema or some disease associated with severe coughing. It is incurable.pulmonary emphysema
em·phy·se·ma (em'fi-sē'mă), Specify pulmonary, mediastinal, and subcutaneous emphysema, and similar usage unless the exact sense is evident from the context.1. Presence of air in the interstices of the connective tissue of a part. 2. A condition of the lung characterized by increase beyond the normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole (those parts containing alveoli), with destructive changes in their walls and reduction in their number. Clinical manifestation is breathlessness on exertion, due to the combined effect (in varying degrees) of reduction of alveolar surface for gas exchange and collapse of smaller airways with trapping of alveolar gas in expiration; this causes the chest to be held in the position of inspiration ("barrel chest"), with prolonged expiration and increased residual volume. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis often, but not necessarily, coexist. Two structural varieties are panlobular (panacinar) emphysema and centrilobular (centriacinar) emphysema; paracicatricial, paraseptal, and bullous emphysema are also common. Synonym(s): pulmonary emphysema [G. inflation of stomach, etc. fr. en, in, + physēma, a blowing, fr. physa, bellows] em·phy·se·ma (em'fi-sē'mă) 1. Presence of air in the interstices of the connective tissue of a part. 2. A condition of the lung characterized by increase beyond the normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole (those parts containing alveoli), with destructive changes in their walls and reduction in their number. Clinical manifestation is breathlessness on exertion, due to the combined effect (in varying degrees) of reduction of alveolar surface for gas exchange and collapse of smaller airways with trapping of alveolar gas in expiration; this causes the chest to be held in the position of inspiration ("barrel chest"), with prolonged expiration and increased residual volume. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis often, but not necessarily, coexist. Two structural varieties are panlobular (panacinar) emphysema and centrilobular (centriacinar) emphysema; paracicatricial, paraseptal, and bullous emphysema are also common.
Synonym(s): pulmonary emphysema. [G. inflation of stomach. fr. en, in, + physēma, a blowing, fr. physa, bellows]Patient discussion about pulmonary emphysemaQ. EMPHYSEMA what type of disease is it?A. It's a chronic lung disease, characterized by destruction of the walls of the air sacs (alveoli) where the blood exchange oxygen and CO2 with the air. The disease leads to obstruction of the airflow, air trapping inside the lungs, and to many long term complications, and eventually to death. It's caused mainly by smoking.
You may read more here:
www.mayoclinic.com/health/emphysema/DS00296
Q. can you ever get better from emphysema? A. Emphysema is a chronic state where the lungs pathologically expand and cause them to lose their compliance during breathing. This is not a reversible state, and usually the lung pathological changes will continue to deteriorate if the lungs are exposed to the same pathogens that caused the initial damage (for example- smoking). However, smoking cessation is known to have benefitial results in slowing down the progress of lung disability and somewhat reversing part of the damage by regression of the inflammatory processes that are related to the emphysema. Q. Does smoking cause emphysema? I know it sounds like a silly question, as you can read everywhere that smoking damages your lung and cause emphysema and lung cancer, but I know a family with 4 brothers,2 of them not smoking and by the age of 50 both of them had emphysema, and another brothers that doesn't stop smoking but is completely healthy. How can than happen?A. Most of the emphysema patients are smokers, but only a minority of the smokers eventually develop emphysema. More discussions about pulmonary emphysemapulmonary emphysema
Synonyms for pulmonary emphysemanoun an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory functionSynonymsRelated Words- respiratory disease
- respiratory disorder
- respiratory illness
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
|