Comitative Aspect

a morphological verbal category that indicates the accompanying of an action by someone or something; it is sometimes considered a voice category. The comita-tive aspect exists in many American Indian, Abkhazo-Adyg, and Turkic languages. In the Adygei languages, conjunction is differentiated from the comitative aspect. For example, in the phrase ar ashch d-edzhag” (“he read together with him”), d(e)- is a conjunction marker. In contrast, in the phrase akherze-d-eshlag”ekh (“they played together”), ze-d(e)- is a comitative aspect marker.

In a number of languages, a functional analogue of the verbal category of comitative aspect is the comitative case, which often includes the meaning of the instrumental case.