(Russian, gofmarshal; from German Hofmarschall), a court post in Germany during the late Middle Ages (after it was differentiated from the post of marshal) and a court rank and post from the 18th century to the early 20th in Russia. The court marshal and the over-court-marshal (obergofinarshal), to whom the court marshals were subordinate, directed the palace household. In Russia they oversaw the provisioning of the court, the arrangement of festivals and receptions, and so on.