| 释义 |
cardiopulmonary arrest
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  cardiopulmonary arrest - absence of systole; failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to deathasystole, cardiac arrestpathology - any deviation from a healthy or normal condition |
EncyclopediaSeecardiac arrestcardiopulmonary arrest
car·di·o·pul·mo·nar·y ar·restan arrest resulting in absence of cardiac and pulmonary activity.arrest (a-rest') [Fr. arester fr L. arrestare, to stop] 1. The state of being stopped. 2. To bring to a stop. active phase arrestCessation of the progress of labor despite treatment with appropriate doses of oxytocin. It is an indication of the need for cesarean delivery. bradyasystolic arrestCardiac arrest marked by an extremely slow pulse, usually less than 30 beats/min. This can be due to increased vagal stimulation, progressive heart block, hypoxemia, drugs such as beta blockers, or other causes. cardiac arrestSudden cessation of functional circulation. In the U.S., about 1000 people die daily as a result of cardiac arrest. Synonym: cardiopulmonary arrest; sudden cardiac arrest See: arrhythmia; myocardial infarctionEtiologyCoronary artery disease is present in most victims. Cardiac arrest is usually caused by myocardial infarction or ventricular arrhythmias. Contributing causes include cardiomyopathies, valvular heart disease, diseases of the electrical conducting system of the heart (such as the long QT syndrome or the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome), myocarditis, chest trauma, severe electrolyte disturbances, and intoxications with drugs of abuse or prescribed agents, e.g., digitalis. Physical exertion or extreme emotional stress sometimes precipitates cardiac arrest. SymptomsAbrupt loss of consciousness, followed by death within an hour of onset, is the typical presentation of cardiac arrest. TreatmentOpening the airway, establishing effective respiration, and restoring circulation (with chest compression and defibrillation) are the keys to treating cardiac arrest. The effectiveness of treatment depends upon the speed with which resuscitation begins and upon the patient's underlying condition. Because most episodes of sudden cardiac arrest are unwitnessed, most patients die without treatment (spontaneous recovery from cardiac arrest in the absence of advanced cardiac life support is very rare). For resuscitated patients, therapies include implantable defibrillators, beta blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs, and, in patients with coronary artery disease, modification of risk factors, i.e., treatment of hypertension, smoking cessation, and lipid-lowering diets and drugs. See: table, advanced cardiac life support | Route | Pros | Cons |
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| Peripheral IV | Easiest to insert during chest compressions; least traumatic to the patient. | Drugs infused into a peripheral vein take several minutes to reach the heart. | | Central IV | Drugs and fluids infused into central veins reach the heart in seconds. | Insertion may be difficult during chest compressions, intubation, and defibrillation. Arterial injury, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and other complications are common in emergency insertions. | | Intraosseous | Drugs and fluids infused into marrow reach the central circulation rapidly. | Clinical experience with IO* insertion is limited relative to IV† insertion. | | Endotracheal | May be used for drug administration when an airway is present, but other forms of access have not been established. | Double or triple the IV† dose is needed to achieve similar drug effect. Drugs given ET‡ should be diluted in 5–10 ml of sterile water. Correct placement of the ET tube must be confirmed before use. Unlike the other modes of access, this route cannot be used to infuse high volumes of fluids. | * IO=intraosseous † IV=intravenous cannula ‡ ET=endotracheal
cardiopulmonary arrestCardiac arrest.cleavage arrestIn embryology, an obstruction to or a halt in cell division.deep hypothermic circulatory arrest Abbreviation: DHCA
The induction of profoundly low body temperatures, e.g. 20°C (68°F), during surgery to reduce the impact of low organ perfusion and ischemic damage.epiphyseal arrestCessation of the growth of long bones. pelvic arrestA condition in which the presenting part of the fetus becomes fixed in the maternal pelvis.pulseless arrestAn umbrella term for asystole and pulseless electrical activity.respiratory arrestCessation of spontaneous respiration. sinus arrestA condition in which the sinus node of the heart does not initiate impulses for heartbeat. If this condition persists, it usually requires implantation of a permanent cardiac pacemaker. See: artificial cardiac pacemakersudden cardiac arrestCardiac arrest.LegalSeearrestcardiopulmonary arrest
Related to cardiopulmonary arrest: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarctionSynonyms for cardiopulmonary arrestnoun absence of systoleSynonymsRelated Words |