| 释义 |
English
Eng·lish E0146100 (ĭng′glĭsh)adj.1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of England or its people or culture.2. Of or relating to the English language.n.1. (used with a pl. verb) The people of England.2. a. The West Germanic language of England, the United States, and other countries that are or have been under English influence or control.b. The English language of a particular time, region, person, or group of persons: American English.3. A translation into or an equivalent in the English language.4. A course or individual class in the study of English language, literature, or composition.5. also englisha. The spin given to a propelled ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist.b. Bodily movement in an effort to influence the movement of a propelled object; body English.tr.v. Eng·lished, Eng·lish·ing, Eng·lish·es 1. To translate into English.2. To adapt into English; Anglicize.
[Middle English, from Old English Englisc, from Engle, the Angles.]
Eng′lish·ness n.Word History: English is derived from England, one would think. But in fact the language name is found long before the country name. The latter first appears as Englaland around the year 1000 and means "the land of the Engle," that is, the Angles. The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes were the three Germanic tribes that emigrated from what is now Denmark and northern Germany and settled in England around the fourth century ad. Early on, the Angles enjoyed a rise to power that must have made them seem more important than the other two tribes, for all three tribes are indiscriminately referred to in early documents as Angles. The speech of the three tribes was conflated in the same way: they all spoke what would have been called *Anglisc, or "Anglish," as it were. By the earliest recorded Old English, this had changed to Englisc. In Middle English, the first vowel, originally pronounced (ĕ) in Old English, changed further and became the familiar (ĭ) of today, as reflected in the occasional spellings Ingland and Inglish. The same change in the pronunciation of the short vowel (ĕ) to (ĭ) before the sound (ng) also occurred in other Middle English words, such as streng and weng. In Modern English, these words are now always spelled string and wing with an i, but the old spelling with e, reflecting the vowel's earlier pronunciation, has been kept in the case of England and English. See Note at BritishEnglish (ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ) n1. (Languages) the official language of Britain, the US, most parts of the Commonwealth, and certain other countries. It is the native language of over 280 million people and is acquired as a second language by many more. It is an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch. See also Middle English, Old English, Modern English2. (Peoples) the English (functioning as plural) the natives or inhabitants of England collectively3. (Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) (formerly) a size of printer's type approximately equal to 14 point4. (Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) an old style of black-letter typeface5. (Billiards & Snooker) (often not capital) the usual US and Canadian term for side16adj6. (Languages) denoting, using, or relating to the English language7. (Peoples) relating to or characteristic of England or the English8. (Placename) relating to or characteristic of England or the Englishvb (tr) (Linguistics) archaic to translate or adapt into English. ˈEnglishness nEng•lish (ˈɪŋ glɪʃ or, often, -lɪʃ)
n. 1. the West Germanic language of England: the official language of the United Kingdom and an official, standard, or auxiliary language in the U.S. and regions formerly under British or U.S. dominion, as Ireland, Canada, Australia, and parts of the Caribbean, Africa, South Asia, and Oceania. Abbr.: E 2. (used with a pl. v.) a. the inhabitants of England. b. natives of England or persons of English ancestry living outside England. 3. English language, composition, and literature as a course of study in school. 4. simple, straightforward language. 5. (sometimes l.c.) a. a spinning motion imparted to a ball, esp. in billiards. b. body English. 6. a 14-point printing type. 7. a grade of calendered paper having a smooth matte finish. adj. 8. of or pertaining to England, its inhabitants, or the language English. v.t. 9. to translate into English. 10. to adopt (a foreign word) into English; Anglicize. [before 900; Middle English; Old English Englisc=Engle (pl.) the English (compare Latin Anglī; see Angle) + -isc -ish1] Eng′lish•ness, n. EnglishSee also language.
Anglicism1. a word, idiom, or feature of the English language occurring in or borrowed by another language.
2. U.S. a Briticism.
3. any manner, idea, or custom typical of the English people. Also called Englishism.Anglicistan authority on the English language or English literature.Briticism, Britishisma word or phrase characteristic of speakers of English in Britain and not usually used by English speakers elsewhere.EnglishEnglish can be an adjective or a noun. 1. used as an adjectiveEnglish means 'belonging or relating to England, its people, or its language'. My wife's English....an English pub....the English language.English is sometimes used to mean 'belonging or relating to Great Britain'. However, it is better to avoid this use, as it may cause offence to people who come from Scotland, Wales, or Northern Ireland. 2. used as a nounEnglish is the language spoken in Britain, the United States, and many other countries. Do you speak English?Half the letter was in Swedish and half in English. English is also the study of the English language or English literature. Karen obtained A levels in English, French, and Geography....an English lesson.People who come from England are sometimes referred to as the English. The English love privacy.You can sometimes refer to a group of English people, for example supporters of the England football team, as the English. Why do so many of us love to see the English being beaten in sport?3. 'Englishman' and 'Englishwoman'You do not refer to a single English person as an 'English'. You refer to them as an Englishman or an Englishwoman. Not a single Englishman was arrested....a beautiful Englishwoman.See Britain - British - BritonThesaurus| Noun | 1. | English - an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countriesEnglish languageWest Germanic, West Germanic language - a branch of the Germanic languagesAmerican English, American language, American - the English language as used in the United Statescockney - the nonstandard dialect of natives of the east end of Londongeordie - the nonstandard dialect of natives of Newcastle-upon-TyneKing's English, Queen's English - English as spoken by educated persons in southern EnglandReceived Pronunciation - the approved pronunciation of British English; originally based on the King's English as spoken at public schools and at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (and widely accepted elsewhere in Britain); until recently it was the pronunciation of English used in British broadcastingMiddle English - English from about 1100 to 1450Modern English - English since about 1450Old English, Anglo-Saxon - English prior to about 1100Oxford English - the dialect of English spoken at Oxford University and regarded by many as affected and pretentiousScots, Scots English, Scottish - the dialect of English used in Scotland | | 2. | English - the people of EnglandEnglish peoplenation, country, land - the people who live in a nation or country; "a statement that sums up the nation's mood"; "the news was announced to the nation"; "the whole country worshipped him" | | 3. | English - the discipline that studies the English language and literaturearts, humanistic discipline, humanities, liberal arts - studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills); "the college of arts and sciences" | | 4. | English - (sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twistsideathletics, sport - an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competitionspin - a swift whirling motion (usually of a missile) | | Adj. | 1. | English - of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people; "English history"; "the English landed aristocracy"; "English literature" | | 2. | English - of or relating to the English language |
TranslationsEnglish (ˈiŋgliʃ) adjective of England or its inhabitants. three English people; the English language. 英格蘭的，英格蘭人 英格兰的，英格兰人 noun the main language of England and the rest of Britain, North America, a great part of the British Commonwealth and some other countries. He speaks English. 英語 英语Englishman – feminine ˈEnglishwoman – noun a person born in England. 英國人 英国人English → 英国人的zhCN, 英语zhCN| English EN-UKEN-GB-P0040940 EN-USEN-US-P0040940 | PT-PTPT-PT-P0040940 → 英语 ZH-CNZH-CN-P0040940 |
English
body EnglishAn often involuntary or unconscious movement of the body to try and manipulate or influence the course of an object that is already in motion. I always find bowlers' body English humorous, as they contort their bodies to try to will the ball toward the pins.See also: body, Englishfull EnglishShort for "full English breakfast," a traditional breakfast meal in England typically consisting of fried eggs, tomato, mushrooms, bacon, sausage, and fried bread or hash browns. Primarily heard in UK. After a long night out at the pubs, there's nothing like a full English the next morning to get you back into shape.See also: English, fullin plain EnglishIn clear, straightforward, and uncomplicated English. Chronic atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries has stopped oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart, leading to a myocardial infarction. In plain English, you've suffered a heart attack. I wish these software agreements would be written in plain English, rather than this legalese gobbledygook.See also: English, plainin simple EnglishIn clear, straightforward, and uncomplicated English terminology. Chronic atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries has stopped oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart, leading to a myocardial infarction. In simple English, you've suffered a heart attack. I wish these software agreements would be written in simple English, rather than this legalese gobbledygook.See also: English, simpleBBC EnglishFormal, proper English, as would be spoken on the BBC (the British Broadcasting Corporation). Just so you know, the professor talks in that BBC English, so you might have a hard time understanding him. And he might not get your slang either.See also: Englishsimple EnglishClear, straightforward, and uncomplicated English terminology. Chronic atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries has stopped oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart, leading to a myocardial infarction. In simple English, you've suffered a heart attack. I wish these software agreements would be written in simple English, rather than this legalese gobbledygook.See also: English, simplethe King's EnglishThe standard form of English, as spoken by educated people in England. (When the ruling monach in the United Kingdom is a queen, it is called "the Queen's English.") We're friends now, so quit being so formal and speaking the King's English. As a professor, you really should speak the King's English.See also: Englishthe Queen's EnglishThe standard, "correct" form of English, as spoken by educated people in Britain. (When the ruling monarch in the United Kingdom is a king, it is called "the King's English.") We're friends now, so quit being so formal and speaking the Queen's English. As a professor, you really should speak the Queen's English.See also: Englishin plain languageIn clear, straightforward, and uncomplicated English. Chronic atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries has stopped oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart, leading to a myocardial infarction. In plain language, you've suffered a heart attack. I wish these software agreements would be written in plain language, rather than this legalese gobbledygook.See also: language, plainbe in plain EnglishTo be in clear, straightforward, and uncomplicated English. A:" Chronic atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries has stopped oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart, leading to a myocardial infarction." B: "Doctor, come on, I need that to be in plain English." I wish these software agreements would be in plain English, rather than this legalese gobbledygook.See also: English, plainput (something) into plain EnglishTo express something in clear, straightforward, and uncomplicated English. A:" Chronic atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries has stopped oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart, leading to a myocardial infarction." B: "Doctor, I need you to put all that into plain English." I wish these software developers would put their agreements into plain English, rather than this legalese gobbledygook.See also: English, plain, putsay (something) in plain EnglishTo say something in clear, straightforward, and uncomplicated English. A: "Chronic atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries has stopped oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart, leading to a myocardial infarction." B: "Doctor, I need you to say all that in plain English."See also: English, plain, saywrite (something) in plain EnglishTo write something in clear, straightforward, and uncomplicated English. I wish these software developers would write their agreements in plain English, rather than this legalese gobbledygook.See also: English, plain, writeput some English on itTo strike or throw a ball in a manner that causes it to spin. You'll never get the ball into the pocket that way! Put some English on it!See also: English, on, putput some reverse English on it1. To strike or throw a ball with a spin that will keep it from moving in particular direction. You'll never get the ball into the pocket that way! Put some reverse English on it!2. To speak in a manner, often related to syntax, that confuses the listener. No wonder he got so confused, with you putting some reverse English on it like that.See also: English, on, put, reverse*in plain language and *in plain EnglishFig. in simple, clear, and straightforward language. (*Typically: be ~; put something [into] ~; say something ~; write something ~.) That's too confusing. Please say it again in plain English. Tell me again in plain language.See also: language, plain(The) Queen's English"Official" British English. He can't even speak The Queen's English! Despicable!See also: Englishbody EnglishMovements of the body that express a person's feelings, as in His body English tells us just how tired he is. This expression originated about 1900 in such sports as bowling and ice hockey, where a player tries to influence the path of a ball or puck by moving his body in a particular direction. (It was based on the earlier use of English to mean "spin imparted to a ball.") See also: body, Englishin plain EnglishIn clear, straightforward language, as in The doctor's diagnosis was too technical; please tell us what he meant in plain English. [c. 1500] Also see in so many words. See also: English, plainthe ˌKing’s/ˌQueen’s ˈEnglish (old-fashioned or humorous) (in Britain) correct standard English: I can’t understand a word you’re saying. Can’t you speak the Queen’s English?See also: Englishin plain ˈEnglish simply and clearly expressed, without using technical language: I don’t understand these documents at all. Why can’t they write them in plain English?See also: English, plainEnglish
English1. the official language of Britain, the US, most parts of the Commonwealth, and certain other countries. It is the native language of over 280 million people and is acquired as a second language by many more. It is an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch 2. the English the natives or inhabitants of England collectively 3. the usual US and Canadian term for side (in billiards) English a language belonging to the west German group of Indo-European languages. English is spoken and used in state affairs, literature, and science by approximately 200 million people in Great Britain and Ireland (together with Irish), the United States, Canada (together with French), Australia, New Zealand, and partially in South Africa and India. It is one of the five official and working languages used by the United Nations. English has its origin in the language of the ancient German tribes (Angles, Saxons, and Jutes), who migrated from the Continent to Britain during the fifth and sixth centuries. The complex interaction of the ancient German tribal dialects, which were carried to a Britain already settled by Celtic tribes (Bretons and Gaels) and then developed as the English nationality was taking shape, led to the formation of territorial dialects on the old tribal basis. During the Old English period (seventh-11th centuries) the language was represented by four dialects: Northumbrian, Mercian, West Saxon, and Kentish. Because of the economic and political influence of the kingdom of Wessex during the ninth and tenth centuries in the cultural life of England, the West Saxon dialects attained the greatest significance. After the penetration of Christianity into England during the sixth century, the Latin alphabet replaced the ancient German runes and the influence of the Latin language was reflected in English vocabulary. From the language spoken by the Celts, conquered by the Anglo-Saxons, little more than geographical names was retained. The raids of the Scandinavians at the end of the eighth century, ending with the submission of England in 1016 to the Danish king, led to Scandinavian settlement in the country. The interaction between the closely related languages—English and Scandinavian—resulted in the presence of a considerable number of words in modern English of Scandinavian origin as well as several phonetic peculiarities characterizing the dialects of northern England. Merging with the Scandinavian languages strengthened a number of grammatical tendencies in English. The conquest of England by the Normans in 1066 led to a prolonged period of bilingualism when the English language, having three basic territorial dialects (northern, central, and southern), was preserved as the language of the people, but French was considered the language of state. Its prolonged use at the royal court and in Parliament, courts, and schools meant that after the French language was forced out of these areas (toward the 14th century) much French vocabulary remained in the English language. The formation of a national English language on the basis of the London dialect, which combined southern and east-central dialect features, took place during the formation of the nation. During the second half of the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century the features of the southern dialect were noticeably supplanted by the peculiarities of the east-central dialect in the language of London. The Middle English period (12th-15th centuries) in the development of the English language is marked by a number of changes which sharply distinguished the Middle English phonetic system from the Old English. Since all the inflections were unaccented, the reduction of unaccented vowels was also evident in a considerable simplification of morphological structure in the English language. The introduction in England of the printing press (1476) made possible the consolidation and dissemination of the London forms, a process greatly aided by the popularity of the works of the prominent writer G. Chaucer (1340–1400), who wrote in the London dialect. However, the printing of books fixed certain traditional spellings which even then failed to reflect actual contemporary pronunciation. In this manner began the divergence between pronunciation and spelling so characteristic of modern English. During the 16th and 17th centuries the so-called Modern English language took shape. Scientific and philosophical works began to be written in English and not in Latin; this change demanded the development of terminology. The sources for this enlargement of vocabulary were borrowings from Latin and Greek and also in part from Italian and Spanish and during the 17th century from French. In grammar the contemporary English language is characterized by analytical structure—that is, the type of structure in which the basic means of expression of grammatical significance are word order and function words, which demonstrate the relationships between words and groups of words. During the second half of the 17th century and especially during the 18th century there appeared many normative grammars and works on orthoepy whose authors tried to bring order to the grammatical norms of the language, some on the basis of rational grammar, others beginning from the living use of the forms of the language. The purist tendency of the 18th century (J. Swift, J. Addison) was directed against the penetration into literary English of neologisms of a colloquial sort (for example, truncated words) and superfluous borrowings. The colonial expansion of England during the 17th through 19th centuries caused the dissemination of English beyond the borders of Great Britain and led to the origin of several regional differences, mostly in vocabulary. The differences in the American variant of English from the British can be explained by the fact that the first settlers in North America (1607) came from London and its suburbs, with later settlers coming mostly from northern Great Britain and Ireland. In American English there are not so many strongly pronounced dialects as in Great Britain. On the basis of the Linguistic Atlas of the USA and Canada (1939), published under the editorship of Professor H. Kurath, seven dialects are distinguished, including the dialect of the central and western regions of the USA—the most significant in terms of territorial dissemination; in the USA it is considered the basic literary norm (general American). The distinction between American and British variants of English is most evident in vocabulary and to some degree in phonetics; differences in grammar are insignificant. Despite the great number of neologisms in the lexicon of American English, American word-building patterns have remained the same as those of British English. REFERENCESTorsuev, G. P. Fonetika angliiskogo iazyka. Moscow, 1950.
Iartseva, V. N. Istoricheskaia morfologiia angliiskogo iazyka. Moscow-Leningrad, 1960.
Iartseva, V. N. Istoricheskii sintaksis angliiskogo iazyka. Moscow-Leningrad, 1961.
Gal’perin, I. R. Ocherki no stilistike angliiskogo iazyka. Moscow, 1958.
Il’ish, B. A. Sovremennyi angliiskii iazyk,2nd ed. Moscow, 1948.
Smirnitskii, A. I. Drevneangliiskii iazyk. Moscow, 1955.
Smirnitskii, A. I. Leksikologiia angliiskogo iazyka. Moscow, 1956.
Brunner, K. Istoriia angliiskogo iazyka,vols. 1–2. Moscow, 1955–56. (Translated from German.)
Miuller, V. K. Anglo-russkii slovar’, 13th ed. Moscow, 1967.
Russko-angliiskii slovar’. Edited by R. K. Daglish. Moscow, 1967.
Kunin, A. V. Anglo-russkii frazeologicheskii slovar’, bks. 1–2, 3rd ed. Moscow, 1967.
Jespersen, O. A Modern English Grammar, parts 1–6, 4th ed. Heidelberg-London, 1928–42.
Wyld, H. C. A History of Modern Colloquial English, 3rd ed. Oxford, 1936.
Halliday, M., A. McIntosh, and P. Stevens. The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching. London, 1965.
Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, vols. 1–2. London, 1961.
Fowler, H. W. A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, 2nd ed. Oxford, 1965.V. N. IARTSEVA English (1)(Obsolete) The source code for a program, which may be inany language, as opposed to the linkable or executable binaryproduced from it by a compiler. The idea behind the term isthat to a real hacker, a program written in his favouriteprogramming language is at least as readable as English.Usage: mostly by old-time hackers, though recognisable incontext.English (2)The official name of the database language used by thePick operating system, actually a sort of crufty,brain-damaged SQL with delusions of grandeur. The namepermits marketroids to say "Yes, and you can program ourcomputers in English!" to ignorant suits without quiterunning afoul of the truth-in-advertising laws.
["Exploring the Pick Operating System", J.E. Sisk et al,Hayden 1986].MedicalSeesideAcronymsSeeELSSEnglish
Related to English: English vocabulary, English speaking, English Premier leagueSynonyms for Englishnoun an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branchSynonymsRelated Words- West Germanic
- West Germanic language
- American English
- American language
- American
- cockney
- geordie
- King's English
- Queen's English
- Received Pronunciation
- Middle English
- Modern English
- Old English
- Anglo-Saxon
- Oxford English
- Scots
- Scots English
- Scottish
noun the people of EnglandSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun the discipline that studies the English language and literatureRelated Words- arts
- humanistic discipline
- humanities
- liberal arts
noun (sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twistSynonymsRelated Words |