diachronic study
lon·gi·tu·di·nal stud·y
longitudinal study
An epidemiologic study that follows a population forward over time, evaluating the effects of one or more variables on a process. If individuals are followed, it is termed a longitudinal cohort study. If classes—e.g., age classes—are studied, it is a longitudinal cross-sectional study. Longitudinal studies are the converse of horizontal studies.Examples
Cohort studies; case-control studies; Framingham Study in Massachusetts, US; Port Pirie study, an ongoing analysis of the long-term effects of blood lead levels on IQ.