| 单词 | erythromycin | |||
| 释义 | erythromycine·ryth·ro·my·cinE0205900 (ĭ-rĭth′rə-mī′sĭn)erythromycin(ɪˌrɪθrəʊˈmaɪsɪn)e•ryth•ro•my•cin(ɪˌrɪθ rəˈmaɪ sɪn)n.
erythromycinerythromycin(ĭrĭth'rōmī`sĭn), any of several related antibiotic drugs produced by bacteria of the genus Streptomyces (see antibioticantibiotic,any of a variety of substances, usually obtained from microorganisms, that inhibit the growth of or destroy certain other microorganisms. Types of Antibiotics ..... Click the link for more information. ). Erythromycin is most effective against gram-positive bacteria such as pneumococci, streptococci, and some staphylococci (see Gram's stainGram's stain, laboratory staining technique that distinguishes between two groups of bacteria by the identification of differences in the structure of their cell walls. The Gram stain, named after its developer, Danish bacteriologist Christian Gram, has become an important tool ..... Click the link for more information. ). The antibiotic also has some effect on gram-negative bacteria and some fungi. Erythromycin inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible microorganisms. It is used to treat such diseases as pneumonia caused by fungi, and streptococcus and syphilis infections, especially where the patient is allergic to penicillin. Erythromycina macrolide antibiotic, the chief producer of which is the soil-inhabiting organism Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin is active against most grampositive bacteria (such as staphylococci, streptococci, and pneumococci), certain gram-negative bacteria (such as brucellae), rickettsiae, and large viruses. It fights staphylococci that are resistant to penicillin, antibiotics of the tetracycline group, and streptomycin. Erythromycin is used for treating pneumonia and other infectious diseases. erythromycin[ə‚rith·rə′mīs·ən]erythromycinerythromycin[ĕ-rith″ro-mi´sin]erythromycinerythromycin, ethylsuccinateerythromycin lactobionateerythromycin stearateerythromycin (topical)Pharmacologic class: Macrolide Therapeutic class: Anti-infective Pregnancy risk category B ActionBinds with 50S subunit of susceptible bacterial ribosomes, suppressing protein synthesis in bacterial cells and causing cell death Availabilityerythromycin base Capsules (delayed-release): 250 mg Ointment (ophthalmic): 0.5% Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg Tablets (delayed-release, enteric-coated): 250 mg, 333 mg, 500 mg Tablets (particles in tablets): 333 mg, 500 mg erythromycin ethylsuccinate Oral suspension: 200 mg/5 ml, 400 mg/5 ml Powder for suspension: 100 mg/2.5 ml, 200 mg/5 ml, 400 mg/5 ml Tablets: 400 mg erythromycin lactobionate Powder for injection: 500 mg, 1 g erythromycin stearate Tablets (film-coated): 250 mg, 500 mg erythromycin (topical) Gel: 2% Ointment: 2% Solution: 2% Swabs: 2% Indications and dosages➣ Pelvic inflammatory disease Adults: 500 mg (base) I.V. q 6 hours for 3 days, then 250 mg (base, estolate, or stearate) or 400 mg (ethylsuccinate) q 6 hours for 7 days ➣ Syphilis Adults: 500 mg (base, estolate, or stearate) P.O. q.i.d. for 14 days ➣ Most upper and lower respiratory tract infections; otitis media; skin infections; Legionnaires' disease Adults: 250 mg P.O. q 6 hours, or 333 mg P.O. q 8 hours, or 500 mg P.O. q 12 hours (base, estolate, or stearate); or 400 mg P.O. q 6 hours or 800 mg P.O. q 12 hours (ethylsuccinate); or 250 to 500 mg I.V. (up to 1 g) q 6 hours (gluceptate or lactobionate) Children: 30 to 50 mg/kg/day (base, estolate, ethylsuccinate, or lactobionate) I.V. or P.O., in divided doses q 6 hours when giving I.V. and q 6 to 8 hours when giving P.O. Maximum dosage is 2 g/day for base or estolate, 3.2 g/day for ethylsuccinate, and 4 g/day for lactobionate. ➣ Intestinal amebiasis Adults: 250 mg (base, estolate, or stearate) or 400 mg (ethylsuccinate) P.O. q 6 hours for 10 to 14 days Children: 30 to 50 mg/kg/day (base, estolate, ethylsuccinate, or stearate) P.O. in divided doses over 10 to 14 days ➣ Prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis Neonates: 0.5- to 1-cm ribbon of ointment into each lower conjunctival sac once ➣ Treatment of conjunctivitis of the newborn caused by susceptible organisms Neonates: 50 mg/kg/day (ethylsuccinate) P.O. in four divided doses for at least 14 days ➣ Pertussis Children: 40 to 50 mg/kg/day (estolate preferred) P.O. in four divided doses for 14 days ➣ Pneumonia of infancy Infants: 50 mg/kg/day (estolate or ethylsuccinate) P.O. in four divided doses for at least 3 weeks ➣ Acne Adults and children older than age 12: 2% ointment, gel, or solution applied topically b.i.d. Dosage adjustment• Hepatic impairment Off-label uses• Chancroid Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug or tartrazine • Concurrent use of astemizole, cisapride, pimozide, or terfenadine • Hepatic impairment (with estolate) • Pregnancy (with estolate) PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • myasthenia gravis • hepatic disease. AdministrationSee Be aware that ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death may occur if drug is given concurrently with potent CYP3A inhibitors (such as clarithromycin, diltiazem, nitroimidazole antifungal agents, protease inhibitors, verapamil, and troleandomycin). • Give erythromycin ethylsuccinate and delayed-release products without regard to meals, but avoid giving with grapefruit juice. • Give erythromycin base or stearate 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals for optimal absorption. • Follow label directions to reconstitute drug for I.V. use. For intermittent infusion, infuse each 250 mg in at least 100 ml of normal saline solution over 20 to 60 minutes. Continuous infusion may be given over 6 to 24 hours as directed.  Adverse reactionsCV: torsades de pointes, arrhythmias EENT: ototoxicity GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain or cramps Hepatic: hepatic dysfunction, hepatitis Skin: rash Other: increased appetite, aggravation of weakness in myasthenia gravis, allergic reactions, superinfection, phlebitis at I.V. site InteractionsDrug-drug. Alfentanil, alprazolam, bromocriptine, buspirone, carbamazepine, clozapine, cyclosporine, diazepam, disopyramide, ergot alkaloids, felodipine, methylprednisolone, midazolam, tacrolimus, theophylline, triazolam, vinblastine, warfarin: increased blood levels and risk of toxicity from these drugs Clindamycin, lincomycin: antagonism of erythromycin's effects CYP3A inhibitors: increased erythromycin blood level, with risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death Digoxin: increased digoxin blood level HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: increased risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis Hormonal contraceptives: decreased contraceptive efficacy Astemizole, cisapride, pimozide, sparfloxacin, terfenadine: increased risk of serious arrhythmias Rifabutin, rifampin: decreased erythromycin effects, increased risk of adverse GI reactions Theophylline: increased theophylline blood level, decreased erythromycin blood level Drug-diagnostic tests. Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin: increased levels Urine catecholamines: false elevations Drug-food. Grapefruit juice: increased erythromycin blood level Patient monitoring• Check temperature, and watch for signs and symptoms of superinfection. • Monitor liver function tests. Watch for signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity. • Assess patient's hearing for signs of ototoxicity. Patient teaching• Instruct patient to take with 8 oz of water 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, and to avoid grapefruit juice. • If drug causes GI upset, encourage patient to take it with food. • Tell patient not to swallow chewable tablets whole and not to chew or crush enteric-coated tablets. See Advise patient to immediately report irregular heart beats, unusual tiredness, yellowing of skin or eyes, or signs and symptoms of new infection. • Tell patient he'll undergo periodic blood tests to monitor liver function. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, and foods mentioned above. e·ryth·ro·my·cin(ĕ-rith'rō-mī'sin), Avoid the mispronunciation ĕ-rith-rō-mī'ă-sin.erythromycin(ĭ-rĭth′rə-mī′sĭn)e·ryth·ro·my·cin(ĕ-rith'rō-mī'sin) Avoid the mispronunciation ĕ-rith-rō-m'ă-sin.erythromycinAn antibiotic of the macrolide class with an action similar to that of the tetracyclines. It binds to the RIBOSOMES in bacterial cells and interferes with the synthesis of protein. Oral erythromycin extends cardiac repolarization. It is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 3A isoenzymes and drugs such as nitroimidazole antifungals, verapamil, diltiazen and troleandomycin that inhibit CTP3A can increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Erythromycin is on the WHO official list. Brand names are Arpimicin, Erymax, Erymin, Erythrocin, Erythroped, Tiloryth, and, formulated with other drugs for external use only, Benzamycin, Isotrexin and Zineryl.erythromycinan antibiotic produced by a strain of STREPTOMYCES that inhibits protein synthesis, particularly in organisms which are Gram-positive (see GRAM'S STAIN).antibiotice·ryth·ro·my·cin(ĕ-rith'rō-mī'sin) Avoid the mispronunciation ĕ-rith-rō-mī'ă-sin.See ERY erythromycin
Synonyms for erythromycin
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