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单词 cemetery
释义

cemetery


cem·e·ter·y

C0194300 (sĕm′ĭ-tĕr′ē)n. pl. cem·e·ter·ies A place for burying the dead; a graveyard.
[Middle English cimiterie, from Old French cimitiere, from Medieval Latin cimitērium, from Late Latin coemētērium, from Greek koimētērion, from koimān, to put to sleep; see kei- in Indo-European roots.]

cemetery

(ˈsɛmɪtrɪ) n, pl -teriesa place where the dead are buried, esp one not attached to a church[C14: from Late Latin coemētērium, from Greek koimētērion room for sleeping, from koiman to put to sleep]

cem•e•ter•y

(ˈsɛm ɪˌtɛr i)

n., pl. -ter•ies. a burial ground for the dead. [1375–1425; late Middle English < Late Latin coemētērium < Greek koimētḗrion a sleeping place <koimân to put to sleep]
Thesaurus
Noun1.cemetery - a tract of land used for burialscemetery - a tract of land used for burials burial ground, burial site, burying ground, graveyard, memorial park, necropolispotter's field - a cemetery for unknown or indigent peopleland site, site - the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located); "a good site for the school"

cemetery

noun graveyard, churchyard, burial ground, necropolis, God's acre There was a small cemetery just outside the town.
Translations
公墓

cemetery

(ˈsemətri) , ((American) -teri) plural ˈcemeteries noun a piece of ground, usually not round a church, where people are buried. 公墓 公墓

cemetery

公墓zhCN

cemetery


See also: National Parks and Monuments (table)National Parks and Monuments

National Parks
Name Type1 Location Year authorized Size
acres (hectares)
Description
Acadia NP SE Maine 1919 48,419 (19,603) Mountain and coast scenery.
..... Click the link for more information.

cemetery,

name used by early Christians to designate a place for burying the dead. First applied in Christian burials in the Roman catacombscatacombs
, cemeteries of the early Christians and contemporary Jews, arranged in extensive subterranean vaults and galleries. Besides serving as places of burial, the catacombs were used as hiding places from persecution, as shrines to saints and martyrs, and for funeral
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, the word cemetery came into general usage in the 15th cent. Group burials have been found in Paleolithic caves, and fields of prehistoric grave mounds, or BarrowsBarrows, Samuel June,
1845–1909, American clergyman and reformer, b. New York City. He was a pastor in Dorchester, Mass., and later edited (1880–96) the Christian Register, a Unitarian weekly.
..... Click the link for more information.
, are located throughout Europe, Asia, and North America. In the ancient Middle East, graves were often grouped around temples and sanctuaries. In Greece the dead were buried outside the city walls along the roads leading into the city in a necropolis (city of the dead). Christian belief in resurrection made chapel crypts and churchyards desirable for burial, but overcrowding and the rise of urban centers made it necessary to establish cemetery plots outside the city limits. Graveyards of all periods tend to reflect the familial and class groupings of their living society. Among the many beautiful and historic cemeteries of Europe are the Père-Lachaise in Paris and the Campo Santo in Pisa. A noteworthy U.S. cemetery is the Arlington National CemeteryArlington National Cemetery,
420 acres (170 hectares), N Va., across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C.; est. 1864. More than 60,000 American war dead, as well as notables including Presidents William Howard Taft and John F. Kennedy, Gen. John J.
..... Click the link for more information.
. The National Park Service also maintains cemeteries (see National Parks and MonumentsNational Parks and Monuments

National Parks
Name Type1 Location Year authorized Size
acres (hectares)
Description
Acadia NP SE Maine 1919 48,419 (19,603) Mountain and coast scenery.
..... Click the link for more information.
, table). See funeral customsfuneral customs,
rituals surrounding the death of a human being and the subsequent disposition of the corpse. Such rites may serve to mark the passage of a person from life into death, to secure the welfare of the dead, to comfort the living, and to protect the living from the
..... Click the link for more information.
; gravegrave,
space excavated in the earth or rock for the burial of a corpse. When a grave is marked by a protective or memorial structure it is often referred to as a tomb. See burial; funeral customs.
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; tombtomb,
vault or chamber constructed either partly or entirely above ground as a place of interment. Although it is often used as a synonym for grave, the word is derived from the Greek tymbos [burial ground]. It may also designate a memorial shrine erected above a grave.
..... Click the link for more information.
.

Cemetery

 

a place set apart for the burial of the dead. The nature of the cemetery and the way in which it is maintained are determined by the burial rites of a particular people, religion, sect, or social group, as well as by the administrative and health standards established by the authorities.

Groups of graves dating from the time of primitive communal and early feudal societies are called burial grounds. The cemeteries of the classical world, ancient East, Mediterranean, and Black Sea region are usually called necropolises. In Russia rural cemeteries were called pogosty (churchyards). Burial places of prominent persons are sometimes called pantheons. In some instances the tombs and tombstones in cemeteries are of artistic value, and the inscriptions on them (epitaphs) may have historical significance.

In Russia cemeteries were often attached to monasteries and urban and rural churches. The dead were buried near every parish church, so that in Moscow by the end of the 17th century there were more than 300 burial places. The separate nemetskoe (“German”) cemetery existed for foreigners. The Arkhangel’skii Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin served as the burial vault of the Muscovite princes and the Russian tsars; the Russian emperors were entombed in the SS. Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg; and the Russian Orthodox hierarchs were buried in the Uspenskii Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin. In October 1723, Emperor Peter I promulgated a ukase prohibiting burial (excepting that of “noble persons”) within city limits, but it was generally ignored. In 1758 the first municipal cemetery in Moscow, the Lazarevskoe, was opened. On Mar. 24, 1771, during a plague epidemic, the Senate issued a ukase ordering that persons who died of the plague in Moscow be buried in special places outside the city and that all others be buried in monasteries and churches away from the center of the city. Later, by the ukase of Nov. 1, 1771, the Senate prohibited burial near churches in all cities and called for the creation of cemeteries beyond city limits. The epidemic of 1771 led to the appearance of new cemeteries in Moscow—the Preobrazhenskoe and Rogozhskoe— which became centers of the Old Believer religious communities. At the beginning of the 1770’s, municipal cemeteries were founded in Moscow, notably the Vagan’kovskoe, Danilovskoe, and Kalitnikovskoe. The cemeteries at the Andronikovskii, Danilovskii, and Donskoi monasteries and the Novodevichii Convent became the traditional burial places for the Moscow aristocracy. Gradually urban cemeteries acquired a planned layout.

In the 18th and 19th centuries military, naval, and prison cemeteries (such as the one within the Shlissel’burg Fortress and the “dissenter” [raskol’nich’e] cemetery within the walls of the Solovki Monastery) were established, as were cemeteries for victims of epidemics. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, with the growth of population and the expansion of cities, the number of cemeteries also increased. Many cemeteries that had been established on the outskirts of cities in the late 18th and early 19th centuries were now within city limits. Some old cemeteries were closed or moved. The close relations between state and church and the existence of an official religion, Orthodoxy, resulted in the differentiation of cemeteries along religious and national lines (Armenian, Jewish, Heterodox, Lutheran, Muslim, Roman Catholic, Tatar, and so forth).

Even in the prerevolutionary period a number of cemeteries in major Russian cities had become unique national historical monuments. Prominent sculptors who created tombstones and monuments include J. A. Houdon, F. G. Gordeev, M. I. Kozlovskii, I. P. Martos, and P. P. Trubetskoi. Among outstanding Soviet sculptors who have executed tombs and monuments are S. D. Merkurov, V. I. Mukhina, I. D. Shadr, and G. A. Iokubonis.

After the October Revolution of 1917 the Soviet government’s decrees on the separation of church and state and on religious freedom transformed cemeteries from religious institutions into civil and secular ones. Civil rites replaced religious ones. Soviet emblems, notably the five-pointed star and hammer and sickle, appeared on tombstones. Epitaphs ceased to be religious.

The growth of Soviet cities and their socialist reconstruction made it necessary to close or partially eliminate old cemeteries. New cemeteries were established in conformity with modern health and technical requirements. For example, current regulations in the USSR specify that cemeteries must be located at least 300 m from apartment and public buildings: The size of the area set aside for a cemetery is calculated on the basis of 1.2 hectares per 10,000 inhabitants. Cemeteries must have greenery covering at least 20 percent of the total area. The observance of health regulations ensures the normal decontamination and mineralization of the corpses and prevents cemeteries from becoming sources of epidemics or infectious disease.

Participants in military operations and revolutionary events were often buried in mass graves outside the cemetery, sometimes with special honors in the center of the city. This was the origin of such unique memorials as Marsovo Pole in Leningrad and Red Square in Moscow. After the Great Patriotic War (1941–45) memorials were erected in cemeteries where those who had died in military operations and during sieges were buried, for example, the Piskarevskoe Cemetery in Leningrad, the Park of Glory in Kaliningrad, and the Hill of Glory in L’vov.

In the 20th century cemeteries also came to be used as places for burying or preserving urns with ashes.

In the USSR the best-known cemeteries are the Novodevich’e Cemetery, the cemetery of the Donskoi Monastery, Vvedenskie Hills, Vagan’kovskoe Cemetery, and Preobrazhenskoe Cemetery in Moscow; the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery (now the Museum of City Sculpture), Volkovo Cemetery (Literatorskie Mostki), and Smolianskoe Cemetery in Leningrad; the Baikovo Cemetery in Kiev; the Brāļu and Raiņis cemeteries in Riga; the Pantheon on Mtatsminda in Tbilisi; the Lychakovskoe Cemetery in L’vov; the Military Cemetery in Vilnius; and the Metsakalmistu (Forest Cemetery) in Tallinn.

Among the best-known foreign cemeteries are Highgate Cemetery in London, where K. Marx is buried; Père Lachaise in Paris; Arlington National Cemetery outside Washington, D.C.; and the Campo Santo in Pisa and Genoa.

REFERENCES

Rozanov, N. P. O moskovskikh gorodskikh kladbishchakh. Moscow, 1868.
Ostroukhov, V. Moskovskoe Lazarevo Kladbishche. Moscow, 1893. Istoricheskaia spravka o peterburgskikh kladbishchakh. St. Petersburg, 1896.
Shamurin, Iu. “Moskovskie kladbishcha.” Moskva v ee proshlom i nastoiashchem, no. 8 [Moscow, 1911].
Shamurina, Z. I. “Velikie mogily.” Ibid., no. 10 [Moscow, 1911].
Sobolevskii, N. Skul’pturnyepamiatniki i monumenty v Moskve. Chapter 4. Memorialy i nadgrobiia. Moscow, 1947.
Tbilisskii panteon na Mtatsminda (Putevoditel’). Tbilisi, 1956.
Enakolopashvili, I. K. Didubiiskii panteon. Tbilisi, 1957.
Gerodnik, G. O Parkakh dobrykh vospominanii. Tallinn, 1970.
Beliavskii, M. T. “Pamiat’ nuzhna zhivym.” Istoriia SSSR, no. 3, 1972.
Grab und Friedhof der Gegenwart. Edited by S. Hirzel. Munich, 1927.
Auzelle, R. Derniers demeures. Paris [1965].

V. I. KANATOV

What does it mean when you dream about a cemetery?

Finding oneself in a cemetery in a dream may indicate sadness or unresolved grief. Alternatively, it may simply represent one’s “dead” past.

Cemetery

(dreams)A cemetery is a collection of dead organic matter. It is a sad and depressing place that doesn't reflect any joy, and reflects even less hope. Dreaming about cemeteries may be a reflection of your mood or unresolved grief. It may literally represent sadness that comes from losing someone that you love, or it could represent your past and long-gone experiences.
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cemetery


  • noun

Synonyms for cemetery

noun graveyard

Synonyms

  • graveyard
  • churchyard
  • burial ground
  • necropolis
  • God's acre

Synonyms for cemetery

noun a tract of land used for burials

Synonyms

  • burial ground
  • burial site
  • burying ground
  • graveyard
  • memorial park
  • necropolis

Related Words

  • potter's field
  • land site
  • site
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更新时间:2025/2/23 1:58:09