| 释义 |
gastrectomy
gas·trec·to·my G0054500 (gă-strĕk′tə-mē)n. pl. gas·trec·to·mies Surgical excision of part or all of the stomach.gastrectomy (ɡæsˈtrɛktəmɪ) n, pl -mies (Surgery) surgical removal of all or part of the stomachgas•trec•to•my (gæˈstrɛk tə mi)
n., pl. -mies. partial or total surgical removal of the stomach. [1885–90] gastrectomySurgery to remove the stomach, either part or whole.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | gastrectomy - surgical removal of all or part of the stomachsurgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process, surgery, operation - a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; "they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available"; "he died while undergoing surgery" |
Translationsgastrectomy
gastrectomy[ga′strek·tə·mē] (medicine) Surgical removal of all or part of the stomach. gastrectomy
Gastrectomy DefinitionGastrectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the stomach.PurposeGastrectomy is performed for several reasons, most commonly to remove a malignant tumor or to cure a perforated or bleeding stomach ulcer.DescriptionGastrectomy for cancerRemoval of the tumor, often with removal of surrounding lymph nodes, is the only curative treatment for various forms of gastric (stomach) cancer. For many patients, this entails removing not just the tumor but part of the stomach as well. The extent to which lymph nodes should also be removed is a subject of some debate, but some studies show additional survival benefit associated with removal of a greater number of lymph nodes.Gastrectomy, either total or subtotal (also called partial), is the treatment of choice for gastric adenocarcinomas, primary gastric lymphomas (originating in the stomach), and the rare leiomyosarcomas (also called gastric sarcomas). Adenocarcinomas are by far the most common form of stomach cancer and are less curable than the relatively uncommon lymphomas, for which gastrectomy offers good odds for survival.After gastrectomy, the surgeon may "reconstruct" the altered portions of the digestive tract so that it continues to function. Several different surgical techniques are used, but, generally speaking, the surgeon attaches any remaining portion of the stomach to the small intestine.Gastrectomy for gastric cancer is almost always done by the traditional "open" surgery technique, which requires a wide incision to open the abdomen. However, some surgeons use a laparoscopic technique that requires only a small incision. The laparoscope is connected to a tiny video camera that projects a picture of the abdominal contents onto a monitor for the surgeon's viewing. The stomach is operated on through this incision.The potential benefits of laparoscopic surgery include less postoperative pain, decreased hospitalization, and earlier return to normal activities. The use of laparoscopic gastrectomy is limited, however. Only patients with early stage gastric cancers or those whose surgery is only intended for palliation—pain and symptomatic relief rather than cure—should be considered for this minimally invasive technique. It can only be performed by surgeons experienced in this type of surgery.Gastrectomy for ulcersGastrectomy is also occasionally used in the treatment of severe peptic ulcer disease or its complications. While the vast majority of peptic ulcers (gastric ulcers in the stomach or duodenal ulcers in the duodenum) are managed with medication, partial gastrectomy is  Gastrectomy, the surgical removal of all or part of the stomach, is performed primarily to remove a malignant tumor or to cure a bleeding stomach ulcer. Following the gastrectomy, the surgeon may reconstruct the altered portions of the digestive tract so that it continues to function. (Illustration by Electronic Illustrators Group.)sometimes required for peptic ulcer patients who have complications. These include patients who do not respond satisfactorily to medical therapy, those who develop a bleeding or perforated ulcer, and those who develop pyloric obstruction, a blockage to the exit from the stomach.The surgical procedure for severe ulcer disease is also called an antrectomy, a limited form of gastrectomy in which the antrum, a portion of the stomach, is removed. For duodenal ulcers, antrectomy may be combined with other surgical procedures that are aimed at reducing the secretion of gastric acid, which is associated with ulcer formation. This additional surgery is commonly a vagotomy, surgery on the vagus nerve that disables the acid-producing portion of the stomach.PreparationBefore undergoing gastrectomy, patients may need a variety of tests, such as x rays, computed tomography scans (CT scans), ultrasonography, or endoscopic biopsies (microscopic examination of tissue), to assure the diagnosis and localize the tumor or ulcer. Laparoscopy may be done to diagnose a malignancy or to determine the extent of a tumor that is already diagnosed. When a tumor is strongly suspected, laparoscopy is often performed immediately before the surgery to remove the tumor; this avoids the need to anesthetize the patient twice and sometimes avoids the need for surgery altogether if the tumor found on laparoscopy is deemed inoperable.AftercareIt is important to follow any instructions that have been given for postoperative care. Major surgery usually requires a recuperation time of several weeks.RisksSurgery for peptic ulcer is effective, but it may result in a variety of postoperative complications. After gastrectomy, as many as 30% of patients have significant symptoms. An operation called highly selective vagotomy is now preferred for ulcer management, and is safer than gastrectomy.After a gastrectomy, several abnormalities may develop that produce symptoms related to food intake. This happens largely because the stomach, which serves as a food reservoir, has been reduced in its capacity by the surgery. Other surgical procedures that often accompany gastrectomy for ulcer disease can also contribute to later symptoms: vagotomy, which lessens acid production and slows stomach emptying, and pyloroplasty, which enlarges the opening between the stomach and small intestine to facilitate emptying of the stomach.Some patients experience light-headedness, heart palpitations or racing heart, sweating, and nausea and vomiting after a meal. These may be symptoms of "dumping syndrome," as food is rapidly "dumped" into the small intestine from the stomach. This is treated by adjusting the diet and pattern of eating, for example, eating smaller, more frequent meals, and limiting liquids.Patients who have abdominal bloating and pain after eating, frequently followed by nausea and vomiting, may have what is called the afferent loop syndrome. This is treated by surgical correction. Patients who have early satiety (feeling of fullness after eating), abdominal discomfort, and vomiting may have bile reflux gastritis (also called bilious vomiting), which is also surgically correctable. Many patients also experience weight loss.Reactive hypoglycemia is a condition that results when blood sugar becomes too high after a meal, stimulating the release of insulin, about two hours after eating. A high-protein diet and smaller meals are advised.Ulcers recur in a small percentage of patients after surgery for peptic ulcer, usually in the first few years. Further surgery is usually necessary.Vitamin and mineral supplementation is necessary after gastrectomy to correct certain deficiencies, especially vitamin B12, iron, and folate. Vitamin D and calcium are also needed to prevent and treat the bone problems that often occur. These include softening and bending of the bones, which can produce pain, and osteoporosis, a loss of bone mass. According to one study, the risk for spinal fractures may be as high as 50% after gastrectomy.Depending on the extent of surgery, the risk for post-operative death after gastrectomy for gastric cancer has been reported as 1-3% and the risk of non-fatal complications as 9-18%.Normal resultsOverall survival after gastrectomy for gastric cancer varies greatly by the stage of disease at the time of surgery. For early gastric cancer, the five-year survival rate is up to 80-90%; for late-stage disease, the prognosis is bad. For gastric adenocarcinomas that are amenable to gastrectomy, the five-year survival rate is 10-30%, depending on the location of the tumor. The prognosis for patients with gastric lymphoma is better, with five-year survival rates reported at 40-60%.Most studies have shown that patients can have an acceptable quality of life after gastrectomy for a potentially curable gastric cancer. Many patients will maintain a healthy appetite and eat a normal diet. Others may lose weight and not enjoy meals as much. Some studies show that patients who have total gastrectomies have more disease-related or treatment-related symptoms after surgery and poorer physical function than patients who have subtotal gastrectomies. There does not appear to be much difference, however, in emotional status or social activity level between patients who have undergone total versus subtotal gastrectomies.ResourcesBooksFeldman, Mark., et al., editors. "Stomach and Duodenum: Complications of Surgery for Peptic Ulcer Disease." In Steisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1998.Key termsAntrectomy — A surgical procedure for ulcer disease in which the antrum, a portion of the stomach, is removed.Laparoscopy — The examination of the inside of the abdomen through a lighted tube, sometimes accompanied by surgery.gastrectomy [gas-trek´to-me] excision of the entire stomach" >stomach (total gastrectomy) or part of it (partial or subtotal gastrectomy); this may be indicated in cases of malignant tumors or ulcers" >gastric ulcers not responsive to medical management or those complicated by perforation or hemorrhage. s. Total gastrectomy (inset) with anastomosis of esophagus to the jejunum (esophagojejunostomy) is the principal intervention for extensive gastric cancer. From Polaski and Tatro, 1996.gas·trec·to·my (gas-trek'tŏ-mē), Excision of a part or all of the stomach. [gastr- + G. ektomē, excision] gastrectomy (gă-strĕk′tə-mē)n. pl. gastrecto·mies Surgical excision of part or all of the stomach.gastrectomy The surgical excision of all or part of the stomach.gastrectomy Surgery The partial or, rarely, complete surgical removal of the stomach Indications Stomach cancer Complications Dumping syndromes. See Dumping, Vagotomy. gas·trec·to·my (gas-trek'tŏ-mē) Excision of a part or all of the stomach. [gastr- + G. ektomē, excision]gastrectomy Surgical removal of the stomach. Partial gastrectomy is commoner than total gastrectomy and is performed for the treatment stomach and duodenal ulcers that cannot be controlled medically, and for cancer of the lower part of the stomach. Surgery for peptic ulceration is usually combined with an operation to cut the nerves responsible for stimulating acid production in the stomach (VAGOTOMY). Since the development of drugs such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE (Zantac), gastrectomy has been performed less often.gastrectomy
Related to gastrectomy: Sleeve gastrectomy, Total gastrectomyWords related to gastrectomynoun surgical removal of all or part of the stomachRelated Words- surgical operation
- surgical procedure
- surgical process
- surgery
- operation
|