| 单词 | functionary |
| 释义 | functionary (once / 1907 pages) n A functionary is someone who fills a specific role in a political party or some other organization. We tend to picture them as people in gray suits who follow the boss's orders and don't think for themselves. The origins of this word go back to the French Revolution, and specifically Napoleon. After conquering most of Europe, Napoleon needed lots of people to help carry out all the functions, or duties, of his huge, centralized state. To build an empire you need soldiers; to run an empire you need office workers. These desk knights, if you will, were called fonctionnaires. WORD FAMILYfunctionary: functionaries+/function: disfunction, functional, functionary, functioned, functioning, functions, misfunction/functional: functionalism, functionality, functionally, nonfunctional, unfunctional/functionalism: functionalist/functionalist: functionalists/functionality: functionalities/functioning: functionings/misfunction: misfunctioned, misfunctioning USAGE EXAMPLESBut Matheson said that fact "does not transform them into lesser functionaries." Reuters(Dec 28, 2016) The investigating commission, however, said that in such cases: “The functionaries of the state would look the other way.” Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016) The reference is to the prisoners forced to work as functionaries in the concentration camps. The New Yorker(Dec 16, 2016) n a worker who holds or is invested with an office Syn|Exp|Hypo|Hyper official Ralph Johnson Bunche United States diplomat and United Nations official (1904-1971) Warren Earl BurgerUnited States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court by Richard Nixon (1907-1995) Salmon Portland ChaseUnited States politician and jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1808-1873) John Foster DullesUnited States diplomat who (as Secretary of State) pursued a policy of opposition to the USSR by providing aid to American allies (1888-1959) Oliver EllsworthUnited States jurist and the third chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1807) Melville Weston FullerUnited States jurist and chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1833-1910) John Kenneth GalbraithUnited States economist (born in Canada) who served as ambassador to India (born in 1908) Edmund Charles Edouard GenetFrench diplomat who in 1793 tried to draw the United States into the war between France and England (1763-1834) Andrei Andreyevich GromykoSoviet ambassador to the United States and to the United Nations (1909-1989) Huig de GrootDutch jurist and diplomat whose writings established the basis of modern international law (1583-1645) Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl HammarskjoldSwedish diplomat who greatly extended the influence of the United Nations in peacekeeping matters (1905-1961) William Averell HarrimanUnited States financier who negotiated a treaty with the Soviet Union banning tests of nuclear weapons (1891-1986) Townsend HarrisUnited States diplomat who was instrumental in opening Japan to foreign trade (1804-1878) Charles Evans HughesUnited States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1862-1948) Cordell HullUnited States diplomat who did the groundwork for creating the United Nations (1871-1955) John JayUnited States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829) Francisco Jimenez de Cisnerosprelate who was the confessor of Isabella I and who was later appointed Grand Inquisitor (1436-1517) Henry Alfred KissingerUnited States diplomat who served under President Nixon and President Ford (born in 1923) Le Duc ThoVietnamese diplomat who negotiated with Henry Kissinger to end the war in Vietnam (1911-1990) Vicomte Ferdinand Marie de LessepsFrench diplomat who supervised the construction of the Suez Canal (1805-1894) Trygve Halvden LieNorwegian diplomat who was the first Secretary General of the United Nations (1896-1968) John MarshallUnited States jurist; as chief justice of the Supreme Court he established the principles of United States constitutional law (1755-1835) Sir Harold George NicolsonEnglish diplomat and author (1886-1968) Thomas Nelson PageUnited States diplomat and writer about the Old South (1853-1922) William Hubbs RehnquistUnited States jurist who served as an associate justice on the United States Supreme Court from 1972 until 1986, when he was appointed chief justice (born in 1924) Anna Eleanor Rooseveltwife of Franklin Roosevelt and a strong advocate of human rights (1884-1962) John RutledgeUnited States jurist and second chief justice of the United States Supreme Court; he was appointed by George Washington and briefly served as chief justice but was ultimately rejected by the United States Senate (1739-1800) Samson(Old Testament) a judge of Israel who performed herculean feats of strength against the Philistines until he was betrayed to them by his mistress Delilah Adlai Ewing StevensonUnited States politician and diplomat (1900-1968) Harlan Fisk StoneUnited States jurist who was named chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1941 by Franklin D. Roosevelt (1872-1946) William Howard Taft27th President of the United States and later chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1857-1930) Roger Brooke TaneyUnited States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court; remembered for his ruling that slaves and their descendants have no rights as citizens (1777-1864) Tomas de Torquemadathe Spaniard who as Grand Inquisitor was responsible for the death of thousands of Jews and suspected witches during the Spanish Inquisition (1420-1498) Frederick Moore VinsonUnited States jurist who served as chief justice of the Supreme Court (1890-1953) Morrison Remick WaiteUnited States jurist who was appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1874 by President Grant (1816-1888) Kurt WaldheimAustrian diplomat who was Secretary General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981; in 1986 he was elected president of Austria in spite of worldwide allegations that he had direct knowledge of Nazi atrocities during World War II (born in 1918) Earl WarrenUnited States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1891-1974) Edward Douglas White Jr.United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1910 by President Taft; noted for his work on antitrust legislation (1845-1921) apparatchik a humorous but derogatory term for an official of a large organization (especially a political organization) appointeean official who is appointed bailiffan officer of the court who is employed to execute writs and processes and make arrests etc. beadlea minor parish official who serves a ceremonial function administrative official, bureaucratan official of a bureaucracy caretakeran official who performs the duties of an office temporarily censora person who is authorized to read publications or correspondence or to watch theatrical performances and suppress in whole or in part anything considered obscene or politically unacceptable census taker, enumeratorsomeone who collects census data by visiting individual homes church officera church official city fatheran important municipal official civil servanta public official who is a member of the civil service commissar, political commissaran official of the Communist Party who was assigned to teach party principles to a military unit Comptroller Generala United States federal official who supervises expenditures and settles claims against the government Comptroller of the Currencya United States federal official who regulates the national banks diplomat, diplomatistan official engaged in international negotiations elected officialofficial who won the office in a free election equerryan official charged with the care of the horses of princes or nobles fire marshallan official who is responsible for the prevention and investigation of fires fire warden, forest fire fighter, rangeran official who is responsible for managing and protecting an area of forest hearing examiner, hearing officeran official appointed by a government agency to conduct an investigation or administrative hearing so that the agency can exercise its statutory powers hangover, holdoveran official who remains in office after his term incumbent, officeholderthe official who holds an office Inquisitoran official of the ecclesiastical court of the Inquisition invalidator, nullifier, voideran official who can invalidate or nullify judge, jurist, justicea public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice licenseran official who can issue a license or give authoritative permission (especially one who licenses publications) mace, macebearer, maceran official who carries a mace of office mandarinany high government official or bureaucrat notary, notary publicsomeone legally empowered to witness signatures and certify a document's validity and to take depositions noticersomeone who gives formal notice officeholder, officersomeone who is appointed or elected to an office and who holds a position of trust agent, federal agentany agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau provincial(Roman Catholic Church) an official in charge of an ecclesiastical province acting under the superior general of a religious order postmaster generalthe official in charge of the national postal service proconsulan official in a modern colony who has considerable administrative power prosecuting attorney, prosecuting officer, prosecutor, public prosecutora government official who conducts criminal prosecutions on behalf of the state quaestorany of several public officials of ancient Rome (usually in charge of finance and administration) recruiteran official who enlists personnel for military service record-keeper, recorder, registrarsomeone responsible for keeping records regulatoran official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest returning officerthe official in each electorate who holds the election and returns the results sealeran official who affixes a seal to a document searchera customs official whose job is to search baggage or goods or vehicles for contraband or dutiable items teller, vote counteran official appointed to count the votes (especially in legislative assembly) town clerkthe official who keeps a town's records doorkeeper, usheran official stationed at the entrance of a courtroom or legislative chamber viziera high official in a Muslim government (especially in the Ottoman Empire) weigheran official who weighs and records the weight alcaldea mayor or chief magistrate of a Spanish town ambassador, embassadora diplomat of the highest rank; accredited as representative from one country to another bean counteran accountant or bureaucrat who is believed to place undue emphasis on the control of expenditures canvassera person who takes or counts votes charge d'affairesthe official temporarily in charge of a diplomatic mission in the absence of the ambassador chief justicethe judge who presides over a supreme court churchwardenan officer in the Episcopal church who helps a parish priest with secular matters consula diplomat appointed by a government to protect its commercial interests and help its citizens in a foreign country coyotea forest fire fighter who is sent to battle remote and severe forest fires (often for days at a time) Daniela wise and upright judge Protestant deacon, deacona Protestant layman who assists the minister DA, district attorneyan official prosecutor for a judicial district dogeformerly the chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa elderany of various church officers envoy, envoy extraordinary, minister plenipotentiarya diplomat having less authority than an ambassador Grand Inquisitordirector of the court of Inquisition (especially in Spain and Portugal) high commissionera senior diplomat from one country to another who is assigned ambassadorial rank Indian agenta representative of the federal government to American Indian tribes (especially on Indian reservations) internuncio(Roman Catholic Church) a diplomatic representative of the Pope ranking below a nuncio justiciar, justiciaryformerly a high judicial officer lame duckan elected official still in office but not slated to continue lieutenant governoran elected official serving as deputy to the governor of a state of the United States magistratea lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses) diplomatic minister, ministera diplomat representing one government to another; ranks below ambassador nuncio, papal nuncio(Roman Catholic Church) a diplomatic representative of the Pope having ambassadorial status office-bearerthe person who holds an office Fed, Federal, federal officialany federal law-enforcement officer ordinarya judge of a probate court paper-pushera clerk or bureaucrat who does paperwork persona grataa diplomat who is acceptable to the government to which he is sent persona non grataa diplomat who is unacceptable to the government to which he is sent placeman, placeseekera disparaging term for an appointee plenipotentiarya diplomat who is fully authorized to represent his or her government praetor, pretoran annually elected magistrate of the ancient Roman Republic probation officerthe officer of the court who supervises probationers procurator(ancient Rome) someone employed by the Roman Emperor to manage finance and taxes qadian Islamic judge rapporteura recorder appointed by a committee to prepare reports of the meetings recordera barrister or solicitor who serves as part-time judge in towns or boroughs recruiting-sergeanta sergeant deputized to enlist recruits selectmanan elected member of a board of officials who run New England towns selectwomanan elected member of a board of officials who run New England towns sergeant at arms, serjeant-at-armsan officer (as of a legislature or court) who maintains order and executes commands sacristan, sextonan officer of the church who is in charge of sacred objects state attorney, state's attorneya prosecuting attorney for a state assessor, tax assessoran official who evaluates property for the purpose of taxing it collector of internal revenue, exciseman, internal revenue agent, tax collector, taxmansomeone who collects taxes for the government taxera bureaucrat who levies taxes trial judgea judge in a trial court trierone (as a judge) who examines and settles a case trustbustera federal agent who engages in trust busting vergera church officer who takes care of the interior of the building and acts as an attendant (carries the verge) during ceremonies vestrymana man who is a member of a church vestry vestrywomana woman who is a member of a church vestry George F. Kennan, George Frost Kennan, KennanUnited States diplomat who recommended a policy of containment in dealing with Soviet aggression (1904-2005) skilled worker, skilled workman, trained worker a worker who has acquired special skills |
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英语词典包含147318条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。