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单词 design
释义 de·sign
I. \də̇ˈzīn, dēˈ-\ verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Middle French designer, from Latin designare, literally, to mark out, from de- + signare to mark — more at sign
transitive verb
1.
 a. : to conceive and plan out in the mind
  < a savage on seeing a watch would at once conclude that it was designed — Samuel Butler †1902 >
 b. : devote, consign, destine
  < a city designed to destruction >
  < grants designed in his will for making amends >
 c. : to make up one's mind to set apart : settle in mind to reserve
  < mementos of his travels that he had designed for friends >
 d. : to plan or have in mind as a purpose : intend, purpose, contemplate
  < he was sociable by disposition, and I believe he designed particularly to shine in the world of talk and manners — Osbert Sitwell >
  < when some other foreign power designed division or seizure — Roger Burlingame >
 e. archaic : to have in mind or include as a matter of consideration
 f. : to devise or propose for a specific function
  < a book designed primarily as a college textbook >
  < a program obviously designed as a first approach to this problem >
 g. : to create, plan, or calculate for serving a predetermined end : prepare or lay out deliberately
  < the challenging problem of designing a college curriculum for young women >
  < a little group of members which is designed for study, propaganda, and energetic canvassing — R.M.Dawson >
  < designed to form a frame for what was to come after — E.M.Lustgarten >
2.
 a. obsolete : to indicate with a distinctive mark or sign
 b. archaic : to indicate by name or distinctive phrase
 c. : to designate for office or function
  < designing a friend to act as substitute >
  < the other parties named and designed in the summons >
 d. archaic : assign, grant
3. [Middle French desseigner, from Italian disegnare, from Latin designare]
 a. archaic : to make a drawing or sketch of (an object or scene)
 b. : to outline or sketch in proportion for creating a work of art or to serve as a pattern in the practical arts
  < she has designed the dances for several Broadway hits >
  < a curious woman whose dresses always looked as if they had been designed in a rage — Oscar Wilde >
 c. : to plan and plot out the shape and disposition of the parts of and the structural constituents of : draw the plans for
  < he designed many buildings and bridges >
 d. : to create, fashion, execute, or construct according to plan
  < he was also a clever artist and designed scenes with a flair for color — Winifred Bambrick >
  < buildings of the institution are so designed that each patient's room opens upon a porch — American Guide Series: Michigan >
 e. : to originate, draft, and work out, set up, or set forth : devise, contrive
  < a landscaping authority to design the city's park system >
  < can start to design and execute a foreign policy without fear — H.W.Barber >
  < like most Communist propaganda it was very cleverly designed — Patrick McMahon >
  < knows how to design a part so that it develops and acquires momentum in performance — Brooks Atkinson >
 f. : to plan or produce with special intentional adaptation to a specific end — used in passive or participial form
  < statutes are designed to meet the fugitive exigencies of the hour — B.N.Cardozo >
  < slogans are normally designed to get action without reflection — A.E.Stevenson b.1900 >
  < marriage was a social institution designed to fit instinct into a legal framework — Bertrand Russell >
  < would do it for $5000, a price … designed to discourage offers — Elsa Maxwell >
intransitive verb
1. : to conceive a plan for making something
2. : to draw, lay out, or otherwise prepare a design or designs
 < those who design for the home >
 < in designing for motion pictures there is also the problem of geography — Cedric Gibbons >
 a. : to draw a preliminary figure, outline, or sketch (as for a machine, structure, or work of art)
 b. : to fashion a work of art
 c. : to fashion a decorative figure or pattern
3. : to plan or intend to start out on a trip or course
 < this ship designs for Guam >
 < the young man designs for law >
Synonyms: see intend, plan I
II. noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle French dessein, from Italian disegno, from disegnare to mark out
1. : a mental project or scheme in which means to an end are laid down : plan
 < morality also, like religion, is a product of human design — Benjamin Farrington >
 < had no rivals among the secular rulers of Europe for largeness of designs — R.W.Southern >
2.
 a. : a particular purpose held in view by an individual or group : a planned intention
  < my design in writing this preface is to forestall certain critics >
  < he has ambitious designs for his son >
 b. : deliberate purposive planning
  < what superficially may appear to be a masterpiece of design was likely to have been just an empirical policy of muddling through — Times Literary Supplement >
  < his clumsiness is due to inattention rather than design >
  < battle was joined apparently more by accident than design — John Buchan >
 also : direction toward an ultimate end
  < the teleological, which shows the marks of design in nature, and from them argues to a great designer — Encyc. Americana >
  — opposed to accident
3.
 a. : a deliberate undercover project or scheme entertained with discreditable or hostile and often dishonest, treacherous, sinister, or seductive intent
  < each camp accusing the other of imperialist designs >
  < eager to ferret out any subversive design >
  < a declaration of a design upon his life — John Locke >
 b. designs plural : such a scheme contemplating some rapacious or disruptive aggression or some illicit encroachment — used with on or against
  < the United States has no … designs against any of its neighbors anywhere — A.H.Vandenberg †1951 >
  < has designs on the money >
4. : a preliminary sketch or outline (as a drawing on paper or a modeling in clay) showing the main features of something to be executed : delineation
 < a textile design and its specifications constitute the complete working plan for the manufacture of a fabric — Alfred Higgins & R.L.La Vault >
5.
 a. : a painter or sculptor's preliminary drawing or model
  < he made two or three charming and blasphemous designs — W.B.Yeats >
 b. : a scheme for the construction, finish, and ornamentation of a building as embodied in the plans, elevations, and other architectural drawings pertaining to it
 c. : a conceptual outline or sketch according to which the elements of a literary or dramatic composition or series are disposed
  < his sense of structure, both in the general design of Paradise Lost and Samson, and in his syntax — T.S.Eliot >
  < it is now widely agreed that such compositions as Moby Dick and Billy Budd are complete designs — Nathalia Wright >
  < the main designs of the poem, an imaginative control of dispersed material — Times Literary Supplement >
 d. : a settled coherent program followed or imposed; usually : an underlying scheme that governs functioning, developing or unfolding : pattern, motif
  < his ad-libbing … is not unfortified by design because he is far too fine a professional ever to trust entirely to chance — John Mason Brown >
  < whether or not there be a design, … in nature, a man's biography frequently discloses haunting glimpses of a pattern — Perry Miller >
6.
 a. : the arrangement of elements that make up a work of art, a machine, or other man-made object
  < systematic art instruction begins with the study of design, which includes little except the perception and creation of formal relations — Hunter Mead >
  < made her decide to introduce choreographic design into her free skating — Current Biography >
 b. : the process of selecting the means and contriving the elements, steps, and procedures for producing what will adequately satisfy some need
  < industrial design >
  < included in design are the arrangement of the basic text page, choice of typeface, title page, and special pages — Joseph Blumenthal >
 specifically : the drawing up of specifications as to structure, forms, positions, materials, texture, accessories, decorations in the form of a layout for setting up, building, or fabrication
  < the design of the ship's bridge >
  < his experiments were noted for their simple design >
  < the problems of stability were corrected by better design in duplicating equipment — R.O.Jordan >
 c. : structural constitution or fundamental framework of a musical composition
  < unacceptable to our sense of melodic design — P.H.Lang >
  < inflated music with ambitious and mystical programmatic designs — Nicolas Slonimsky >
7.
 a. : a visual arrangement or disposition of lines, parts, figures, details usually unified by an implicit key or clue of signification or an artistic motif (as in engravings, medals, textiles, metalwork)
  < linoleum in a great number of designs >
  < the designs on the reverse of our coins >
  < an iron balustrade with a design of bows and arrows that rises from the eaves of the house — American Guide Series: Maine >
 b. : a pattern or figuration applied to a surface (as of a vase) : decoration
  < porcelain with carved or engraved floral designs >
  < a gold-tooled design impressed on bookbindings >
Synonyms: see intention, plan
III. adjective
: used as a basis for anticipating practical problems and solving them at the engineering stage — used chiefly in highway designing
 < the design speed of a highway >
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更新时间:2024/9/24 22:27:00