| 释义 |
com·pen·sa·tion
\ˌkämpənˈsāshən, -ˌpen-\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English compensacioun, from Latin compensation-, compensatio balancing of accounts, from compensatus (past participle of compensare to compensate) + -ion-, -io -ion
1. : the act or action of making up, making good, or counterbalancing : rendering equal : amending: as
a.
(1) : the counterbalancing of a defect in bodily structure or limitation in function of an organ by overgrowth of another or by increased function of unimpaired parts of the same organ
< cardiac compensation >
— compare decompensation
(2) : a psychic mechanism or process whereby an individual compensates for a frustrated drive, inadequacy, or imperfection by substituting or stressing another drive, trait, or function
b. : adjustment of the phase retardation of one light ray with respect to that of another
c. civil law : extinction of the mutual debts of two persons that are reciprocally debtors and creditors (as in setoff)
d. phonetics : compensatory lengthening or compensatory doubling
2. : something that constitutes an equivalent or recompense: as
a. : something that makes good a lack
< rewards which are no compensations for the abandoned gratifications — Abram Kardiner >
b. : something that makes up for a loss
< compensation will be made by Germany for all damage done to the civilian population of the Allies … by the aggression of Germany — J.M.Keynes >
specifically : payment received by a worker or his dependents for claims under a workmen's compensation act or cash benefits received by eligible unemployed as provided for by legislation
c. : something that relieves, equalizes, or neutralizes (as pressure, stress, or stimuli) : means of alleviation
< nor did he use letter writing as a compensation for inner tensions — Yale Review >
< for the men who are really up there, the war is a tough and dirty life, without immediate compensation — Walter Bernstein >
< jazz began as the compensation music of a shackled race — Esquire's Jazz Book >
d. : payment for value received or service rendered : remuneration
< the compensation of United States government employees >
< compensation to the Indians for the land ceded by them consisted of livestock — D.E.Clark >
e. : moral or spiritual reward or feeling or sense thereof
< however shoddy his life an artist knows the compensations of creation and achievement >
< there are so many compensations that come from coaching small-time football — Bert LaBrucherie >
f. physics : balance or counteraction of opposed forces |