| 释义 |
▪ I. stink, n.|stɪŋk|
Forms: 3–4 stinc, 4 stenke, stinck, stync, 4–5 stynke, 4–6 stynk, 4–7 stinke, 7 stincke, 4– stink.
[f. the vb.
Perh. in some instances a dialectal variant of stinch: see stench n. γ]
1. a. A foul, disgusting, or offensive smell: = stench n. 2.
a1300Cursor M. 11860 Þe roting þat him rennes vte, Þe stinck þat ai es him a-bute, Ne mai na liueand man it thole. 1382Wyclif Joel ii. 20 The stynk of hym shal stye vp. c1420Sir Amadace (Camden) vi, Suche a stinke in the chapelle he hade, That dwelle ther he ne myȝte. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 62 b, I am suere that the white laus tibi hath the stynk that Dioscorides speketh of. 1611Bible 2 Macc. ix. 10 And the man that thought a little afore he could reach to the starres of heauen, no man could endure to carry for his intollerable stinke. 1674Boyle Excell. Theol. ii. iii. 150 Why the smell of Castor or Assa Fœtida produces in most persons that which they call a stink rather than a perfume. 1727Pope Thoughts Var. Subj. lxxv, A little Whiff of it [ambergrise]..is very agreeable; but when a Man holds a whole Lump of it to your Nose, it is a Stink. 1857Hughes Tom Brown ii. iii, He had been kicking up horrid stinks for some time in his study. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 676 Hajek has detected in ozæna a short bacillus..which possesses the property of decomposing organic substances with the formation of a penetrating stink.
b. fig.
1673Bunyan Differ. Judgm. 8 The Persons..are now a stink, and reproach to religion.
c. A contemptible person, a stinkard. slang.
1916Joyce Portrait of Artist as a Young Man 8 Rody Kickham was a decent fellow but Nasty Roche was a stink. 1918E. Pound Let. 4 June (1971) 137 Meredith is, to me, chiefly a stink. I should never write on him as I detest him too much ever to trust myself as critic of him. 1950R. Moore Candlemas Bay v. 281 And the rest of you little stinks, shut up, too! 1972D. Devine Three Green Bottles 102 That stink, Celia Armitage, had somehow found out.
2. a. Evil-smelling quality, offensive odour: = stench n. 3.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 2556 Summe he deden in vn-ðewed swinc, for it was fuȝel and ful o stinc. c1366Chaucer A.B.C. 56 But if þou my socour bee To stink eterne he wole my gost exile. c1440Alphabet of Tales 171 Yitt sho mott not com att hur for stynk with-oute sho had at hur nece many wele-saueryng spycis. 1528Lyndesay Dreme 325 That myrke Mansioun is tapessit with stynk. 1608Rowlands Humors Looking Gl. B 4 b, One of the damned crew that liues by drinke, And by Tobacco's stillified stink. 1745Sir C. H. Williams in Jesse Selwyn & Contemp. (1843) I. 65 But when the first [cracker] went off she threw the rest on the tea-table, where, one after another, they all went off, with much noise and not a little stink. 1882‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 184 There is so much stink of oil and sickly smell of silkworms.
b. fig.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 6518 The syxte synne ys glotonye; þat ys a shameful vyleynye þat men doun of mete and drynk, For ouermoche ys abominable & stynk.
3. a. slang. (See quots. 1812 and 1851.) Also, a row or fuss; a furore. Now chiefly in phrs. to raise (kick up, make) a stink.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. s.v., When any robbery of moment has been committed, which causes much alarm, or of which much is said in the daily papers, the family people will say, there is a great stink about it. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 250 The newspapers..had raised before the eye and mind of the public, what the ‘patterers’ of his class proverbially call a ‘stink’,—that is, had opened the eyes of the unwary to the movements of ‘Chelsea George’. 1907[see jim-hickey]. 1913Kipling Diversity of Creatures (1917) 293 We mustn't be tried! It'll make an infernal international stink. 1942Tee Emm (Air Ministry) II. 81 Do you do it merely because there's a stink if you don't? 1948‘N. Shute’ No Highway ii. 31, I remember the Russians kicking up a stink. 1959‘M. Cronin’ Dead & done With iv. 56 The first thing he'd do when he got back was see his M.P. and kick up a stink. 1976L. Sanders Hamlet Warning (1977) iii. 31 [She] commanded a world press. She could raise a tremendous stink if she chose to do so.
b. like stink, furiously, intensely. Cf. like adv. 1 b. colloq.
1929R. C. Sherriff Journey's End I. 40 If you see a Minnie coming..you have to judge it and run like stink sometimes. 1938M. Allingham Fashion in Shrouds xv. 240 It's raining like stink. 1945‘P. Woodruff’ Call Next Witness ii. v. 114 He clapped in his heels and rode like stink. 1955M. Allingham Beckoning Lady iii. 40 The telephone's here..and when it rings you have to run like stink before the caller gives up. 1972D. Devine Three Green Bottles 11 She wasn't really clever, she just worked like stink.
c. In other colloq. phrases (parallel to the use of hell and similar words).
1942R.A.F. Jrnl. 16 May 26, I bet they've been giving old Jerry stink this afternoon. 1977I. Shaw Beggarman, Thief i. ii. 21 We'd've been in a stink of a mess without him.
4. pl. University and Public School slang for Natural Science (originally and now chiefly for Chemistry) as a subject of study or university examinations.
1869‘Wat. Bradwood’ O.V.H. v, He had abandoned further classics in final schools, and was aiming sedulously at a class in ‘stinks’. 1900Farmer Publ. Sch. Word-bk., Stinks subs. (general).—Chemistry. Also as a nickname for a lecturer thereon. 1902Daily Chron. 12 Nov. 7/1 The old public schools..look on Mathematics as ‘'tics’ and Natural Science as ‘stinks,’ presumably from the days when Chemistry was the only branch of Natural Science taught. 1914‘I. Hay’ Lighter Side School Life iv. 116 Master Nixon..had pointed out that it would be a good thing to enrol as a member some one who understood ‘Chemistry and Stinks generally’. 1928R. Cullum Myst. Barren Lands xi. 107 You can't afford to use up the source that gives you a living so you can carry on with your stinks. 1945‘R. Crompton’ William & Brains Trust vii. 129 ‘English isn't bad, 'cause ole Sarky can't see what you're doin' at the back, an' Stinks isn't bad, 'cause you can get some jolly good bangs if you mix the wrong things together.’ 1955[see lab n.2]. 1961A. Wilson Old Men at Zoo i. 37 Eventually..the laboratory work will be on a scale that will make this place look like a school stinks room.
5. Comb.: stink-ball, a missile contrived for the purpose of emitting a suffocating vapour when thrown among the enemy (see quot. 1802); stink beetle = stink bug; stink berry U.S., the yellow buckthorn; stink-bird, the name in Guyana for the Hoactzin, Opisthocomus cristatus; stink bomb, a small hand-missile which emits a nauseating smell when broken, typically thrown by schoolboys; also transf.; stink brand = stinking smut; stink-bug, a shield bug of the family Pentatomidæ, which includes many species that feed on plants and eject a strong-smelling liquid if attacked; stink bush, (a) a species of star-anise (Illicium floridanum), a shrub growing in the southern United States (Funk's Stand. Dict. 1895); (b) Austral., the rutaceous tree, Zieria smithii; stink-cat S. Afr., the zoril or mariput, Zorilla striata; stinkfinger: in coarse slang phr. to play (at) stinkfinger (see quot. 1903) (now rare or obs.); stink-fish, (a) S. Afr. = bamboo-fish s.v. bamboo n. 2; (b) Ghana = stinking fish (b) s.v. stinking ppl. a. 2 a; stink-fly, a fly belonging to the genus Chrysopa; stink gland, a gland in certain animals producing a fetid secretion; stink grass, an ill-scented grass, Eragrostis major; stink pheasant = stink-bird; stink quartz, a variety of quartz, which emits a fetid odour when struck; stink-rat U.S. = stink-pot 4 (Cent. Dict.); stink-shad, the mud-shad, Dorosoma cepedianum; stink-trap = stench-trap, stench n. 5; stink-tree; (a) some tree native in Sri Lanka, having a disgusting odour; (b) dial. the name in the Isle of Wight for the guelder rose; stink-turtle = stink-pot 4; stinkwort Austral., a plant of the genus Scrophularia.
1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl., s.v. Ball, *Stink-balls, those which yield a great stench when fired to annoy the enemy. 1802C. James Milit. Dict. s.v. Ball, Stink-balls are prepared by a composition of mealed powder,..assa-fœtida, seraphim⁓gum or ferula, and bug and stinking herbs.
1889H. Vaughan-Williams Visit to Lobengula (1947) xxv. 162, I must mention the *stink beetles, as they are called. They all emit the most horrible stench when killed or even touched. You get them all over South Africa. 1979Jrnl. Arid Environments II. 101 When stink-beetles of the genus Eleodes are placed in a bottle.., their fumes will kill other insects placed inside the bottle.
1869–73T. R. Jones Cassell's Bk. Birds III. 281 The Hoactzin, or *Stink Bird.
1915D. O. Barnett Let. 26 June 192 It seems that the tobacco stores had amalgamated with a *stink-bomb dépôt. 1922A. Haddon Green Room Gossip iv. 117 At this juncture there was a good deal of sneezing and coughing in the auditorium... Both stink bombs and ‘electric snuff’ were thrown from the gallery. 1958‘J. Byrom’ Or be he Dead xiii. 167 He lobbed this [conversational] grenade..as innocently as a child with a stinkbomb. 1974D. Ramsay No Cause to Kill i. 38, I used to sit in the library wishing I had a stink bomb to set off under her nose.
1877Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 4) 647 Squash-bug... A small yellow bug, injurious to the vines of squashes, melons, and cucumbers... In Connecticut, called a *stink-bug. 1891Century Dict., Stink-bug, any one of several malodorous bugs, particularly the common squash-bug, Anasa tristis, of the Coreidæ. 1902L. O. Howard Insect Bk. 313 The stink-bugs and their allies. (Family Pentatomidæ.)
1899Rider Haggard Swallow 50, I have shammed dead like a *stink-cat when dogs are about.
1903Farmer & Henley Slang VI. iii. 369/1 To play at *stinkfinger,..to grope a woman. 1934H. Miller Tropic of Cancer 282, I had no Odette Champs⁓divers with whom to play stinkfinger.
[1902Marine Investigation in S. Afr. I. 116 Bamboesvisch. Stinkvisch. Scarce in Cape Town market, but common in Saldanha Bay.] 1913*Stink-fish [see bamboo-fish s.v. bamboo n. 2]. 1962C. Baeta Prophetism in Ghana ii. 17 Adherents of the Twelve Apostles Church..are not allowed to eat pork, stink-fish, shark's meat or snails.
1902L. O. Howard Insect Bk. 222 Chrysopidæ,..sometimes..called *stink flies.
1887F. G. Heathcote in Phil. Trans. CLXXIX. ii. 164 These organs..are the first pair of *stink glands.
1884Goode Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anim. 610 In the Chesapeake region it is known as the ‘Mud-Shad’, ‘Winter Shad’, or ‘*Stink Shad’.
1782in Abridgm. Specif. Patents, Drains & Sewers (1874) 5 This machine or *stink trap is let into lead or any other sort of pipes. 1873Spencer Study Sociol. iii. (ed. 6) 67 Infecting gases that are kept out only so long as stink-traps are in good order. 1906Hasluck's Sanitary Conveniences & Drainage xv. 151 A ‘trap’, or ‘stink-trap’, as it was formerly called, is [etc.].
1795Thunberg's Trav. IV. 234 The *stink-tree was called by the Dutch Strunt-hout,..on account of its disgusting odour, which resides especially in the thick stem and the larger branches. 1842W. A. Bromfield in Phytologist (1848) III. 421 Viburnum Opulus..is sometimes called stink-tree in this island [Isle of Wight].
1890Kapunda Herald 25 July 2/5 The following letter was received from Mr. J. McDougall..regarding a sample of *stinkwort sent to him:—‘This sample has been duly examined, and I am satisfied that it is useless as a raw material from which to make paper stock’. 1897Westm. Gaz. 23 July 8/1 The Bill which has just been introduced into the New South Wales Parliament for the destruction of noxious weeds..has a scheduled list of weeds, including thistle, stinkwort, and several others.
▪ II. stink, v.|stɪŋk|
Forms: 1 stincan, 3 stinke-n, 4 stenk, stinc, stynke-n (4–5 sting, styng, styngk), 4–6 stynk, 4–7 stinke, stynkkyn, 5–6 stynke, 6 styncke, 6–7 stincke, 4– stink. pa. tense 1–4 stanc, stonc, 3–4 stonk, pl. stunken, 4–5 stonke, 4–7 stanke, 5 stongke, 6 stonck, stunck, 6–9 stunk, 7 stunke, 8– stank; weak forms 5 stynkid, 6 stinckett, stynked. pa. pple. 5 stonken, 6 stuncke, 7– stunk; weak 5 stynked.
[Com. WGer.: OE. stincan str. vb. = OFris. *stiunka (WFris. stjonke), (M)Du., (M)LG. stinken (whence Sw. stinka, Da. stinke), OHG. stinchan (MHG., mod.G. stinken):—WGer. *stiŋkwan, f. Teut. root *stiŋkw- (:*staŋkw-: *stuŋkw-; see stench n. and v.).
The root is coincident in form with that of Goth. stigqan to come into collision, ON. støkkva str. vb. (MSw. stinka, stiunka) to spring, leap, fly off, and the causative form Goth. gastagqjan to collide with, ON. støkkva wk. vb. (MSw. stänkia, mod.Sw. stänka) to cause to spring, sprinkle, OE. stęncan to scatter, disperse. The identity of the root is possible, but in view of the great diversity in meaning it cannot be positively asserted.]
†1. intr. To emit a smell or vapour of any kind; to smell (sweetly or otherwise). Obs.
c725Corpus Gloss. 895 Flagrans, stincendi. c1000ælfric Gram. xxxvii. (Z.) 220 Ic stince swote. c1200Ormin 8194 To strawwenn gode gresess þær, Þatt stunnkenn swiþe swete.
2. a. To emit a strong offensive smell; to smell foully. (In early examples, a contextual use of sense 1.) Const. of.
Now implying violent disgust on the part of the speaker; in ordinary polite use avoided as unpleasantly forcible.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 236 Eal se lichoma stincð fule. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 37 Dis oref..stincð fule for his golnesse. c1200Ormin 4781 & all he toc forrþrihht anan To rotenn & to stinnkenn. a1225Ancr. R. 326 Lazre þet stonc so long he hefde ileien i þer eorðe. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) ii. 5 Þai trowed þat Cristez body schuld hafe stynked. c1450Mirk's Festial 84 How his brethe stinkyth. 1533J. Heywood Johan A j, I wolde bete her..that she shall stynke. 1535Coverdale Exod. viii. 14 The land stanke of them. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. i. 20 A floud of poyson..Which stunck so vildly, that it forst him slacke His grasping hold. a1631Donne Poems, Elegy iii. 31 Waters stincke soone, if in one place they bide. 1717Prior Alma i. 51 When Cabbage stinks, or Roses smell. 1769G. White Selborne, Let. to Pennant 30 Aug., I wish I had not forgot to mention the faculty that snakes have of stinking se defendendo. 1820Shelley Sensit. Pl. iii. 57 The dock, and henbane, and hemlock dank,..stifled the air till the dead wind stank. 1889J. K. Jerome Three Men iv, The High Street stunk of oil. 1899M. Kingsley W. Afr. Stud. i. 3, I myself saw certainly not less than 70 crocodiles at one time, let alone smelling them, for they do swarm in places and stink always.
b. fig. To be offensive; to be abhorrent; to savour offensively of something. Phrases, to stink in (a person's) nostrils; also (slang), to stink of (or with) money: to be ‘offensively’ rich.
a1225Ancr. R. 138 Auh swuch sacrefise stinkeð to ure Louerd. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 8312 Þese twey cytees, boþe þey sank, For þey hadde ioye at synne þat stank. c1450Mirk's Festial 68 For oure forme synne stanke soo yn Godys nase, þat [etc.]. 1535Coverdale Prov. x. 7 The name of the vngodly shal stynke. 1608Shakes. Per. iv. vi. 145 He makes our profession as it were to stincke afore the face of the gods. 1612Benvenuto's Passenger i. ii. 141 A false wicked tongue stinckes of an hereticall conscience, but what then? 1674in Verney Mem. (1907) II. 359 To make me stincke in the nostrills of my ould associates. 1867Goldw. Smith in Brodrick Ess. Reform 230 Reputed renegades, whose names stank in the nostrils of the party which they had left. 1877E. Peacock N.W. Lincs. Gloss. 239/2 A very proud man is said to ‘stink wi' pride’, a very rich one to ‘stink o' brass’. 1886Stevenson Dr. Jekyll i, We told the man we could..make such a scandal out of this, as should make his name stink from one end of London to the other. 1922Joyce Ulysses 9 Touch him for a guinea. He's stinking with money. 1932I. Brown Marine Parade xii. 152 We must do our best. He stinks of money. Will you fix up about rooms and for God's sake let's have a decent dinner.
Prov.c1386,1539[see proffered ppl. a.]
†c. to stink out: to go out with a stink. Obs.
a1637B. Jonson Underwoods, Execr. Vulcan 188 Or in the Bell-Mans Lanthorn, like a Spy, Burn to a Snuff, and then stink out and dye.
†d. trans. To smell offensively of. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 86 Þus þe ualse uikelare..wrieð hore fulðe so þæt heo hit ne muwen stinken... Vor ȝif heo hit stunken, ham wolde wlatien þer aȝean.
e. To exhibit or savour of moral (artistic, etc.) decay. Of persons: also, to be despicable or completely incompetent. Of actions, phenomena, etc.: also spec. in phr. to stink to (high) heaven. colloq.
1934J. T. Farrell Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan viii. 121, I watched you guys go through signal practice. You stunk! 1956H. Kurnitz Invasion of Privacy xv. 99 She regarded Zorn bleakly. ‘You stink, Michael Zorn,’ she said. 1963‘D. Cory’ Hammerhead iv. 61 Sofia was the actress of the family. I stink.
1936Metronome Feb. 61/2 Stinks, what one pub thinks of another's tunes. 1940‘N. Blake’ Malice in Wonderland i. v. 61 Big Business does rather stink, doesn't it? 1959H. Hobson Mission House Murder iii. 21 Rock an' Roll came in..now that's out—that stinks too. 1963C. D. Simak They walked like Men ix. 53 ‘How did you know that?’ ‘Just a guess,’ I said. ‘This whole thing stinks to heaven.’ 1973Times 23 May 16/4 The affairs of Lonrho stunk to high heaven. 1979R. Jaffe Class Reunion (1980) ii. ii. 196 Chris would make it be like the old days. But the old days had stunk too.
3. quasi-trans. with complement. to stink to death, to kill by emitting a bad smell. Chiefly hyperbolical.
1624Middleton Game at Chess v. iii, Hee would hazard to be stunk [v.rr. stung, strucke] to death. 1789Mrs. Piozzi France & Italy I. 173 Chicken-coops, which stink one to death. 1835Browning Paracelsus iii. 443 Such a suffumigation as, once fixed, Had stunk the patient dead ere he could groan.
4. trans. To fill (an animal's earth) with suffocating fumes. Also, to drive (animals or persons) out of a place by stench or suffocating fumes.
1781Beckford Th. Hunting (1802) 338 In open countries foxes, when they are much disturbed, will lie at earth. If you have difficulty in finding, stinking the earths will sometimes produce them again. Ibid., Badgers..they may be caught by stinking them out of a great earth. 1860Reade Cloister & Hearth xliii. (1896) 125 Then with his own hands he let down by a rope a bag of burning sulphur and pitch, and stunk them out. 1880Brit. Med. Jrnl. 7 Aug. 207/2 Treatment..to stink the [Guinea] worm out.
5. a. To cause to stink.
a1300Satire on Monks & People of Kildare xiv, in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems (1862) 155 Daþeit ȝur curteisie, ȝe stinkeþ al þe strete. 1733W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farm. 294 If its Leaf or Seed is rubbed, it will stink the Hands for four or five Hours. 1896F. A. Steel Face of Waters i. vi. (1903) 63 One dead fish stinks a whole tank.
b. With up. To cause (a place) to stink. Also fig. colloq. (orig. and chiefly U.S.).
1956B. Holiday Lady sings Blues (1973) vii. 65 The manager got panicky and began to holler at me that I was stinking up his Grand Terrace. 1967C. Drummond Death at Furlong Post xi. 140 Harassed fat women cooking sauerbraten and stinking up the place with the smell of vinegar. 1977D. MacKenzie Raven & Ratcatcher iii. 44 A rumour..that..I was allowed to resign rather than stink-up the fair name of the Serious Crimes Squad. 1979R. Jaffe Class Reunion (1980) iii. iii. 319 He was sweet even though he did stink up her bedroom because he always forgot to open the window.
6. Comb. in phr. used subst., as stink-alive, the bib or pout, Gadus luscus.
1863J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. III. 306 The Pout is graphically termed by the fishermen the Stinkalive, because it becomes putrid so soon after death. |