| 释义 |
stipendiary, a. and n.|staɪˈpɛndɪərɪ|
Also 7 Sc. stipendiar.
[ad. L. stīpendiārius, f. stīpendium: see stipend n. and -ary.]
A. adj.
1. That receives a stipend. Of a soldier (now rare): Serving for pay, mercenary.
stipendiary magistrate: in England, a salaried official exercising judicial functions similar to those exercised by the unpaid justices of the peace.
In quot. c 1545 the MS. may have had stipendary.
c1545in Burnet's Hist. Ref. (1681) II. ii. Rec. i. xxvii. 152 Salaries, or Wages of Stipendiary Priests. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. viii. 532 He makes it his first care to fasten to himself, by present largesse, and large promises of future fauours,..all the Stipendiarie Souldiers..of his deceased Brother. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 251 Five stipendiary Cities,..so-called, because they serve the Sweitzers in warre at their stipend. c1620Ibid. iv. (1903) 426 Sigonius the Popes stipendiary Professor of historyes in this Vniversity [Bologna]. 1625Hart Anat. Ur. i. i. 10 Each Citie..hath moe or fewer of those stipendiarie Physitians. 1665Surv. Affaires Netherlands 169 The Ministers..being Poor, and stipendiary, being allowed seldom above {pstlg}50 a year. 1813Hansard's Parl. Deb. XXVI. 100 Sir Samuel Romilly was against the principle of the [Manchester Justices'] Bill, inasmuch as it went to introduce stipendiary magistrates in the place of that respectable class of magistrates, who in this county discharged the functions of magistracy gratuitously. 1817M. Sutton Ibid. XXXVI. 91 A bill ‘to consolidate and amend the laws..for the support and maintenance of stipendiary curates in England’. 1818Hallam Mid. Ages viii. ii. (1819) II. 428 William [I]..had always stipendiary soldiers at his command. 1839Act 2 & 3 Vict. c. 15 §2 Any such Stipendiary Justice to sit and act as a Justice of the Peace of the said County [of Stafford]. 1850Dickens Dav. Copp. xxvi, My very carpet bag was an object of veneration to the stipendiary clerks. 1859Meredith R. Feverel i, Adrian became stipendiary officer in his uncle's household. 1863H. Cox Instit. iii. viii. 703 Stipendiary troops, both national and foreign. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. ii. i, Mr. Bradley Headstone, highly certificated stipendiary school⁓master. 1868Stephens' Laws Eng. (ed. 6) II. 685 note, In certain populous districts, viz., in the metropolis and elsewhere, it has become the practice to appoint paid (or stipendiary) magistrates, and generally with additional powers. 1875Stubbs Const. Hist. II. xvii. 555 To make the king a mere stipendiary officer.
2. Pertaining to a stipend or stipends; of the nature of a stipend. Also, of services: Paid for by a stipend.
1659Milton Hirelings 104 That the magistrate..should take into his own power the stipendiarie maintenance of church-ministers,..can stand neither with the peoples right nor with Christian liberty. 1839Hallam Lit. Europe II. ii. ii. §9. 63 Did they perceive an unjust prejudice against stipendiary instruction? they gave it gratuitously. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 366 The non-compliance of the Government with his application for an augmented stipendiary grant.
3. Roman Law. (See quot.)
1880Muirhead Gaius ii. §21 Stipendiary lands are those situated in provinces regarded as specially belonging to the Roman people; tributary those lying in provinces held to belong specially to the emperor.
B. n.
1. One who receives a stipend; a salaried clergyman or teacher; † a pensioner.
In quot. c 1584 the MS. may have had stipendaries.
c1584Abp. Loftus in Nicolas Life Sir C. Hatton (1847) 358 In the mean season, the several cures of the incumbents of the church must be left to unlearned stipendiaries. 1636Direct. Cure Plague B 3, That these Doctors bee stipendiaries to the City for their liues. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 106 They..post to Lahore to apprehend Sheryar whom they heard was baffled by Godgee Abdul-Hassen once his stipendiary. a1668Chron. Perth (Maitl. Club) 5 He taucht on Sonday befoir none the 28 of September preceding in eodem anno, his executouris cravit ane an, bot gott nane, he was ane nakit stipendiar. 1737Glover Leonidas v. 228 [viii. 261] If thou be'st some fugitive, who, lost To liberty and virtue, art become A tyrant's vile stipendiary. 1817Coleridge Lay Serm., ‘Blessed are ye’ 33 The agriculturalist, the manufacturer, or the trades⁓man (all in short but annuitants and fixed stipendiaries)..would shortly have [etc.]. 1845Sumner True Grandeur Nations (1846) 15 A little cheese and a few vegetables are all that can be afforded to the sick and wounded, those sacred stipendiaries upon human charity. 1849–50Alison Hist. Europe I. v. §34. 594, I know but three ways of living in society: you must be either a beggar, a robber, or a stipendiary. 1853Dickens Bleak Ho. xx, Mr. Guppy's two fellow-stipendiaries are away on leave.
†b. A stipendiary soldier, a mercenary. Obs.
1768Boswell Corsica ii. (ed. 2) 109 It may well be believed, that venal stipendiaries..could not oppose an army of brave men. 1778G. Stuart View Soc. Europe 116 [The fines, etc. levied by the crown] were to produce, in every country of Europe, a multitude of stipendiaries. These forces were a mixture of all nations. 1817G. Chalmers Churchyard's Chips Pref. 26 Churchyard and the English stipendiaries, were under Captain Morgan at the siege of Tergues.
c. A stipendiary magistrate (see A 1).
1875H. Crompton in Fortn. Rev. XXIV. 696 There has been among the stipendiaries as well as among the unpaid magistrates a most extraordinary laxity with reference to crimes of violence. 1881W. S. Shirley Magisterial Law 6 Stipendiaries and police magistrates are appointed not by the Lord Chancellor, but by the Home Secretary.
2. Rom. Antiq. A tributary, tax-payer.
1627C. Mageoghegan tr. Ann. Clonmacnoise (1896) 46 Julius Cæsar after that he had Conquered the Gales and Brittans..made the Brittans stypendiaries. |