| 释义 |
degras, dégras
(ˈdɛgrəs, ‖ deˈgra)
[F. dégras, f. dégraisser to remove grease from, with assimilation to gras fat.]
a. The dark wax or grease obtained when fish-oils are rubbed into hides and recovered by expression and by washing the hides with alkali, as in the manufacture of chamois leather; the commercial product usu. contains added quantities of fish-oils and solid fats (cf. moellon2), and is used in currying and fat-liquoring leather; also, a product made from fish-oils in imitation of this.
1882Encycl. Brit. XIV. 390/2 This uncombined oil is washed out with a warm potash solution, and the fat so recovered, known as degras, forms a valuable material for the dressing of common leather by curriers. 1904J. Lewkowitsch Oils, Fats, & Waxes (ed. 3) II. xvi. 1129 A large number of artificial dégras are now being prepared by blowing fish, liver, and blubber oils with air.., thus imitating the natural process of oxidation the oils appear to undergo when skins are converted into chamois leather. 1922H. R. Procter Princ. Leather Manuf. (ed. 2) xxv. 448 The residual oil..constitutes moellon... This is never sold for currying in its original purity; but, mixed with further quantities of fish oils, tallows, and sometimes wool-fat, it constitutes the ordinary dégras of commerce. 1931Wilson & Merrill Anal. Leather xi. 382 The excess oil is pressed out after saturating the skins with water and constitutes the purest and best grade of moellon dégras. 1937Burton & Robertshaw in Atkin & Thompson Procter's Leather Chemists' Pocket-Bk. (ed. 3) xix. 326 Genuine dégras (moellon) and sod oil were originally obtained as by-products of chamoising.., but are now frequently prepared from scrap skins or by direct oxidation of oils. 1958A. Kuntzel in F. O'Flaherty et al. Chem. & Technol. Leather II. xxviii. 431 It is a very valuable leather-greasing agent because of its high water compatibility and is known as degras or moellon.
b. U.S. The crude mixture of wax and fatty acids obtained by scouring wool or treating it with organic solvents, used industrially (e.g. as a source of lanolin and in the manufacture of lubricating greases) and as a substitute for degras (sense a) in leather manufacture; wool-grease, wool-fat.
1894Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. XVI. 535 In this country, the term ‘degras’ is generally applied to the grease or fatty matter recovered from the water in which wool has been scoured. 1915F. S. Hyde Solvents, Oils, Gums, Waxes 124 Wool grease, the English ‘Yorkshire grease’, ‘Suint’, or American ‘degras’—but not the true degras—is a dirty grease with a foul odor, obtained by scouring wool of sheep, and contains, besides fatty acids from soap employed in scouring,..esters of palmitic and myristic acids, other waxy substances,..as well as mineral oil used in lubricating the wool. 1954C. J. Boner Lubricating Greases iv. 149 Wool wax is ordinarily sold under the name of degras or wool grease. |