| 释义 |
endurance|ɛnˈdjʊərəns|
Also 6–8 indurance.
[f. endure v. + -ance; in OF. endurance.]
1. a. The fact of enduring (pain, hardship, annoyance); the habit or the power of enduring; often absol. as denoting a quality, longsuffering, patience.
α1667Milton P.L. ii. 262 We can create, and work ease out of pain Through labour and endurance. 1839James Louis XIV, IV. 449 He was forgiving, and of long endurance. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. xxvi. 267 The disciplined endurance of the men. 1861Geo. Eliot Silas M. 59 Their aged wisdom was constantly in a state of endurance mitigated by sarcasm. 1879Froude Cæsar viii. 76 The endurance of the inequalities of life by the poor is the marvel of human society. 1888Amer. Humorist 5 May 3/2 Prolonging his visit beyond all endurance.
β1599Shakes. Much Ado ii. i. 246 O she misusde me past the indurance of a block. 1744Harris Three Treat. iii. i. (1765) 137 Not a grain more of Magnanimity, of Candour and Calm Indurance.
†b. Durance, captivity, imprisonment. Obs.
1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 1256 Which..composition..made in the absence and indurance of their Generall, was by the Turkes faithfully kept.
c. Of inanimate things: the power of holding out; the capacity (e.g. of steel) of withstanding strain.
1890Daily News 13 Nov. 5/7 Her speed was 18 knots an hour. Her coal endurance is given as 475 tons stowage, and with that stowed she could have steamed 7,000 miles. 1911Proc. Inst. Mech. Engin. iv. 878 Annealed cast-steel showed rather less endurance than annealed mild-steel, in spite of the much greater tenacity of the cast-steel. 1930Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXXII. 597 The heat-treatment of the rails was found to have markedly increased the endurance of the steel. 1932Discovery May 143/2 The endurance of spiral and laminated springs..is much less than that of the steel of which they are composed.
2. a. Duration or continued existence in time. Also, power of lasting, capacity of continued existence.
1494Fabyan v.cxxix. 111 Some accompt y⊇ enduraunce therof to the laste yere of Burdredus. 1692Lady Russell Lett. II. cxxxvii. 112 The joys of eternal endurance. 1799J. Robertson Agric Perth 74 The leases now commonly granted are of endurance nineteen years. 1811L. M. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. I. 27 Sermons of four hours' endurance. 1855Bain Senses & Int. i. ii. §23 (1864) 63 The undying endurance of an electric wire. 1865M. Arnold Ess. Crit. i. (1875) 7 This is why Byron's poetry had so little endurance in it, and Goethe's so much.
β1596Spenser State Irel. 2 Others more late and of lesse indurance. 1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. 381 The long indurance of the Siege [of Troy].
†b. ? Protraction of an existing condition. Obs. rare—1.
1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, v. i. 122, I should haue tane some paines..to haue heard you Without indurance further.
3. concr. That which is endured; a hardship.
α1608Shakes. Per. v. i. 13 If thine consider'd prove the thousandth part Of my endurance, thou art a man. 1622Bacon Hen. VII, 158 Wee shall also unyoke our People from all heauie Burthens and Endurances. 1812J. Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 134 The endurances we underwent in conjunction. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. I. 286 Is my present endurance none?
βa1555Ridley Wks. 428 I never had of him which suffered indurance at my entrance to the see of London, one penny of his moveable goods. 1622J. Rawlins Recor. Ship Bristol in Arb. Garner IV. 591 Which he must procure, or incure sorer indurances.
4. attrib. (esp. in spec. sense of the durability of metals), as endurance limit, endurance range, endurance test (= fatigue limit, range, test).
1925Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXI. 563 Increase in the elastic ratio increase, the ratio of endurance limit to tensile and torsional strength.
Ibid., With low elastic ratio the full endurance range can be utilised only when the range is between nearly equal and opposite stresses.
1902Phil. Trans. A. CXCIX. 289 The breaking stress for annealed specimens of the type used in the endurance tests was 23·1 tons for Lowmoor iron, and 48 tons for cast-steel. 1930[see attrition 2 b fig.]. 1930Engineering 3 Jan. 27/3 Endurance tests on the complete springs. 1932Auden Orators iii. 109 Are you sure of passing the endurance test? |