| 释义 |
enthymeme|ˈɛnθɪmiːm|
Also 7–9 enthymem; in Lat. form enthymema.
[ad. L. enthȳmēma, a. Gr. ἐνθῡ́µηµα, f. ἐνθῡµέεσθαι to think, consider, infer, f. ἐν in + θῡµός mind.]
†1. Rhet. After Aristotle's use: An argument based on merely probable grounds; a rhetorical argument as distinguished from a demonstrative one. Obs.
1600Holland Livy xxiii. xii. 481 These strange Enthymemes and conclusions. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 256 To wreath an Enthymema with maistrous dexterity. a1677Barrow Serm. (1686) III. ii. 18 Oratours back their Enthymemes (or rational Argumentations) with Inductions (or singular Examples). 1841De Quincey Rhetoric Wks. X. (1862) 27 [Explains Aristotle's use, as distinguished from that of later logicians].
†2. Cicero (Top. xiii.) uses enthymema for a striking antithesis closing a rhetorical period. Hence the following definitions:
1657J. Smith Myst. Rhet., An Enthymem..is, as Cicero saith, when the sentence concluded consisteth of contraries. 1731Bailey, Enthymem (with Rhetoricians) is when the concluding sentence consists of contraries.
3. Logic. A syllogism in which one premiss is suppressed.[This sense is due to a misapprehension (already in Boethius a 524), the description of the enthymeme (sense 1) as ‘an imperfect syllogism’ (ἀτελὴς συλλογισµός) having been interpreted as referring to its form instead of its matter.] 1588Fraunce Lawiers Log. ii. ix. 98 b, An Enthymeme is nothing but a contracted syllogisme. 1656Cowley Pindar. Odes 50 note, In Enthymemes..half is left out to be supplyed by the Hearer. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull (1755) 95, I desire to know whether you will have it by way of Syllogism, Enthymem, Dilemma, or Sorites. 1764Reid Inquiry, Perhaps Des Cartes meant not to assume his own existence in this enthymeme, but the existence of thought. 1795Wythes Decis. Virginia 15 The argument included in this opinion is an enthymema. 1827–36Whately Logic 265 In an Enthymeme the suppressed Premiss should be always the one of whose truth least doubt can exist. 1870Bowen Logic iii. 57 The Common form of argumentation is Enthymeme, which consists of but two propositions. |