| 释义 |
estimation|ɛstɪˈmeɪʃən|
Forms: 4–6 estim-, estymacion, -oun, -yon(e, 4 extymacion, 5–6 estymation, -oun, (6 estymacon, esteemation, 7 æstimation), 6– estimation.
[ME. estimacion, -cioun, a. OF. estimacion (mod.F. estimation, corresp. to Pr. estimatio, estimacion, Sp. estimacion, It. stimazione), ad. L. æstimātiōn-em, f. æstimāre: see esteem, estimate.]
The action of estimating or esteeming.
†1. The action of appraising, assessing, or valuing; statement of price or value; valuation.
1382Wyclif Ex. xxii. 5 If eny man harme feeld..what euer best thing he hath in his feeld..he shal restore for estymacioun of the harm [Vulg. pro damni æstimatione; 1388 the valu of harm]. 1413Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle iv. ix. (1483) 62 The prys of myn Appel is of suche valewe that it passeth the estymacion of ony creature. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xiii. 13 They had syluer for theyr horses..at theyre owne estymation, without any grudgyng. 1609Bible (Douay) 1 Kings viii. 5 They immolated sheepe and oxen without estimation and number. 1667E. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. i. iii. ii. (1743) 158 Silver and gold have been chosen to be the Instruments of Exchange and Estimation of all Things. 1776Adam Smith W.N. I. i. xi. 190 In the household book of Henry..there are two different estimations of wheat. 1792A. Young Trav. France 499 The Bureau de la Balance du Commerce at Paris..is beyond all comparison more accurate in its estimations [than the English Custom-house.]
†b. Estimated value; concr. something which one values. Obs.
1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. ii. (Arb.) 155 They be wrought so fynely and conningelye..that the estimation of no costely stuffe is hable to counteruaile the price of the worke. 1611Shakes. Cymb. i. iv. 99 Your Ring may be stolne too, so your brace of vnprizeable Estimations, the one is but fraile, and the other Casuall. 1631T. May tr. Barclay's Mirr. Mindes i. 245 The earth in the bowels of it hath many metalls, both of different natures and estimations. 1775Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 41 For some thing, in their opinion, of more estimation.
2. a. Appreciation, valuation is respect of excellence or merit; esteem considered as a sentiment. Phrase, to have or hold in estimation.
1530Palsgr. 34 If he desyre that his writynges shulde be had in any estymacion. a1535More De quat. Noviss. Wks. 82/2 As rising of an hie estimacion of our self. 1576Fleming Panopl. Ep. 268 So farre from having monie in estimation..I have cast it away from me. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) II. 17 He holds it a kind of Self-Preservation to maintain a good Estimation of himself. 1712Steele Spect. No. 456 ⁋5 Mens Estimation follows us according to the Company we keep. 1787Canning in Microcosm No. 18 Wishing to know in what estimation he was held by man⁓kind. 1796C. Marshall Garden. i. (1813) 1 The degree of estimation that the art of gardening is worthy of. 1848Dickens Dombey 273 Mr. Dombey is so generous in his estimation of any trivial accomplishment. 1882C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xxi. 156 The Provincial Press of Great Britain never stood higher in public estimation than it stands to-day.
†b. The condition of being esteemed; ‘account’ or worth in the opinion of others; esteem considered passively; repute. Of places: Importance, consequence. Phrases, to be in estimation, to grow out of estimation. Obs.
1530Palsgr. 300 Any auctour of estymation. 1531Elyot Gov. i. xiii, The frute..leseth his verdure and taste, and finally his estimation. 1569J. Rogers Gl. Godly Loue 185 How in estimacion a chaste life is. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 159 The name of Hyde..led me to thinke that it had been of more estimation in time past. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. lxxi. 6 Gods miracles growe out of estimacion with us by custome. 1593Nashe Four Lett. Confut. 14 His brother..indeuord to take from mee all estimation of Arte or witte. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. xxiv. (1627) 268 To avoide carefully..whatsoever may diminish his estimation and authority. 1764Franklin Ess. Wks. 1840 II. 349 Gold and silver have..universal estimation. 1792Burke Let. Sir H. Langrishe Wks. 1842 I. 544 A miserable populace, without property, without estimation, without education. 1824–8Landor Imag. Conv. (1846) 51 The family of every criminal is a loser in estimation..by his punishment, however just. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxv, The sole virtue of our commonweal, its strength, and its estimation, lay among the burgher craft of the better class.
3. The process of forming an approximate notion of (numbers, quantities, magnitudes, etc.) without actual enumeration or measurement.
c1400Mandeville v. (1839) 41 That Tour..was of 25 myle in cyrcuyt of the Walles..as Men may demen by estymatioun. 1424Paston Lett. No. 4. I. 12 To the noumbre of four score and more by estimacion. 1473J. Warkworth Chron. 5 A blasynge sterre..iiij. fote highe by estimacyone. 1558in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. v. 182 Three..parcells of pasture grounde..conteyning by estimacion eightene acres. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. 160 If a ship sail 8 Miles South in an Hour, by Log or Estimation. 1772Hutton Bridges 86 The proper estimation of the expence. 1786Phil. Trans. LXXVI. 9 The distance of the nearest threads became a very visible space, answerable to one minute each, and therefore capable of a much further subdivision by estimation. 1838De Morgan Ess. Probab. 128 That which we call estimation means guess formed by a person whose previous habits and experience are such as to make it very likely that he can tell nearly true that which would require instruments to obtain with great approach to accuracy.
†b. Estimated number. Obs.
1513Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. 274 There shall be set brede, trenchours, and spones, after the estymacyon of them that shall syt there.
4. Manner of estimating or judging; opinion, judgement.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. iv. iv. 125 Þou hast quod she þe ryȝt estimacioun of þis. c1400Test. Love i. (Chalm. Poets) 474/1 Thestimacion of the enuious people, ne loketh nothing to desertes of men..but onely to the auenture of fortune. 1447O. Bokenham Seyntys Introd. (Roxb.) 6 Be the blyssyd medyacyoun Of this virgyne aftyr my estimacyoun. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 21 a, Reuchline in the defence of his estimation, aunswereth him [Phefercorn] with another. a1677Barrow Wks. (1741) I. v. 45 He that walketh uprightly..is sure not to come off disgracefully..in the estimations of men. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 39 The crown..in the..estimation of law..had ever been, perfectly irresponsible. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 88 The dearest of men in my estimation. 1864I. Taylor Words & Places 469 In popular estimation, idle and vagabond habits were acquired by those who made the pilgrimage to the..Holy Land.
†b. Conjecture, guessing. Obs. rare—1. Cf. 3.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, i. iii. 273, I speake not this in estimation, As what I thinke might be, but what I know Is ruminated, plotted, and set downe.
†5. ‘Judgement’ as a mental faculty. Obs. Cf. estimative.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iii. xi. (1495) 55 Proprely to speke a hound vsyth no reason but he vsyth a besye and stronge estymacyon. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxiv. ii, These are the v. wyttes..Fyrst, commyn wytte..Fantasy, and estymacyon truely. |