| 释义 |
exaction|ɛgˈzækʃən|
[a. F. exaction, ad. L. exactiōn-em, n. of action f. exigĕre: see exact v.]
The action of exacting.
1. The action of demanding and enforcing payment (of fees, taxes, penalties, etc.); an instance of the same.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 517 Þe þinggus þat ben duwe to prest shulde..be ȝoven frely, wiþouten exaccioun. 1382― 2 Macc. iv. 27 Exactioun of tributis perteynede to hym. 1489Sc. Acts Jas. IV (1597) §18 Of the quhilk tak thair, and exaction thairof, our Souerane Lord..knew na..cause. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. i. iii. 166 What should I gaine By the exaction of the forfeiture? 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 6 Assigning of places for the exaction of it [customs]. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India III. i. 30 He was the proper object of penal exaction. 1832H. Martineau Ireland 108 He could not allow that its [tithe's] exaction deserved the name of plunder. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 303 Exactions of market and harbour dues.
b. The action of enforcing the performance of (a task) or the rendering of (respect, service, obedience, etc.).
1674S. Vincent Gallants Acad. 93 He..is strictly just in the exaction of respect. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. v. 161 The exaction of a written dissertation on a given thesis..seems likely to be efficacious.
2. The action of demanding or requiring more than is due or customary; an instance of the same; an illegal or exorbitant demand; extortion.
1494Fabyan Chron. iv. lxiv. 43 [Allectus] vsed and exercysyd many Tyrannyes and exaccions. 1578T. N. tr. Conq. W. India, Complaintes against Mutezuma of many wrongs and exactions done by him. 1632Lithgow Trav. v. 180 The Master..(who as he was an Infidell, vsed me with great exaction). 1655Digges Compl. Ambass. 21 Great exactions used by the innkeepers at Gravesend. 1785Burke Sp. Nabob Arcot's Debts Wks. IV. 286 Tyrannous exaction brings on servile concealment. 1863M. Howitt F. Bremer's Greece II. xiv. 108 The Christians of the plain are especially exposed to exactions of the Government. 1873F. Hall Mod. Eng. 348 We may, without being chargeable with exaction, ask of him to remit a little the rigour of his requirements.
3. A sum of money which is exacted; an arbitrary and excessive impost.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. xix. (1495) 205 Lordes..ouersette..the people wyth exaccyons and talyages. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. 227 Many cytees in Gyan fel fro the obediens of Prince Edward..for grevous exacciones that were leyde upon hem. 1516Pynson Life St. Birgette in Myrr. our Ladye Introd. 53 The kyng of Swecia wolde haue charged his comons with a great exacion. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, i. ii. 25 They vent reproches Most bitterly on you, as putter on Of these exactions. 1786Burke W. Hastings Wks. 1842 II. 123 The small balance of fifteen thousand pounds remaining of the unjust exaction aforesaid. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. viii. 256 The exactions might have been tolerated if the people had been repaid by protection.
4. Law. (See quot.)
1641Termes de la Ley 149 Extortion is where an Officer demaundeth and wresteth a greater summe or reward than his iust fee: And Exaction is where an Officer or other man demaundeth and wresteth a fee..where no fee..is due at all. 1672in Cowel's Interpr.
b. (See quot. and exact v. 7).
1816Chitty Crim. Law I. 359 The five exactions or callings of the defendant, and his non-appearance at the five successive county courts. |