| 释义 |
‖ facies|ˈfeɪʃɪiːz|
(Pl. facies.)
[L. faciēs: see face.]
†1.
a. Humorously for: Face, countenance. Obs.
1611Cotgr. s.v. Abbé, Face d'abbé, a jollie, fat, and red face; a fierie facies.
b. Med. The appearance or expression of the face.
[1684Blancard Physical Dict. 128 Facies Hyppocratica is when the Nostrils are sharp, the Eyes hollow, the Temples low,..the Complexion pale, livid, of a leaden Colour, or Black. 1807Morris & Kendrick Edin. Med. & Physical Dict. II, Facies hippocratica, that particular disposition of the features which immediately precedes the stroke of death.] 1883J. J. G. Brown Med. Diagnosis (ed. 2) i. 14 There are one or two facies which stand out more prominently than the rest, and which deserve special attention. 1907Practitioner Apr. 520, I can only recall one facies which at all suggested the condition of bien-être associated with the acquired disease. 1908Ibid. Feb. 292 The facies gray. 1932Jewell & Kauntze Handbk. Tropical Fevers xx. 321 During the pyrexial period the face is flushed, the eyes injected (giving a typical ‘ferrety’ appearance to the facies). 1965H. T. Hyman Differential Diagnosis 166/1 In contrast with changes in facies, abnormalities of facial contour are relatively fixed.
2. a. Nat. Hist. General aspect or appearance.
1727–36in Bailey, Facies (in Botanick Writers) a face. 1872Nicholson Palæont. 475 The general facies of the Carboniferous vegetation. 1881J. S. Gardner in Nature No. 623. 531 Not only is the facies of the flora identical, but identical species appear in both continents.
b. Geol. The character of any part of a formation as displayed by the fossils it contains, the composition, texture, etc., of the constituent rocks, or other differentiating qualities; also, a part of a formation having a particular character. In Petrol., a mass of igneous rock that differs in some way from the main body of rock of which it is part.
1849Murchison Siluria vi. 105 They present the uniform ‘facies’ of a thick, yet finely laminated, dark, dull grey shale. 1882A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 615 Every well-marked formation is characterized..by a general assemblage or facies of organic forms. 1910Lake & Rastall Text-bk. Geol. xvi. 285 When a geological series or system is in one district composed chiefly of limestone and in another of clays and shales, it is usual to speak of these different types of deposit as different ‘facies’. 1913J. P. Iddings Ign. Rocks II. i. i. 5 In one region the composition of a nearly homogeneous rock mass..may assume a certain local petrographical significance, while in another region it may appear only as a facies of a rock mass. 1913Hatch & Rastall Petrol. Sedim. Rocks i. 7 Each of the formations..exhibits two very different facies, controlled for the most part by the conditions of formation. 1938A. K. Wells Outl. Hist. Geol. iii. 20 If rocks of a certain age exhibit a lateral change of lithological facies,..a change in conditions of formation is implied. 1951J. Gilluly et al. Princ. Geol. xix. 517 The evidence is not only geometric. The facies of the rocks composing the thrust masses demand great travel also. 1965G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. iv. 38/1 The host-rock is a splintery siliceous bluish-grey slate with some micaceous, talcose and felsic facies. 1970R. C. Selley Anc. Sedim. Environm. i. 4 The geometry of a sedimentary facies may be relatively easy to determine where it crops out at the surface.
c. spec. in Ecol. (See quots.)
1905F. E. Clements Res. Methods Ecol. iv. 238 It is seldom..that the facies and invaders are so equally matched in height and other qualities that they remain in equilibrium. Ibid. 317 Facies, a dominant species of a formation: a distinct area controlled by it is a consocies. 1920[see faciation]. 1932Fuller & Conard tr. Braun-Blanquet's Plant Sociol. ii. 25 The facies is distinguished wholly by differences in the quantity or distribution of species. 1938Weaver & Clements Plant Ecol. (ed. 2) iv. 107 The facies..is the developmental unit of the associes characterized, as is the faciation of climax vegetation, by the grouping of dominants. 1960N. Polunin Introd. Plant Geogr. xi. 334 The seral counterpart of the faciation is the facies.
3. attrib. and Comb., as facies-change; facies fossil, a fossil that is characteristic of a facies as a result of the restricted kind of environment tolerated by the original organism; so facies fauna, the (fossil) fauna characteristic of a facies.
1923L. D. Stamp Introd. Stratigr. ix. 139 It seems that the Pendleside fauna is a ‘facies-fauna’ developed only under special conditions. Ibid. xii. 194 In Germany the ‘facies-fossils’ of the Muschelkalk do reappear at a much higher horizon. 1954J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. xvii. 254 They [sc. fossils] not only date the beds, but in the case of facies faunas, give us valuable evidence as to the conditions under which the beds were formed. 1969Proc. Geol. Soc. Lond. Aug. 146 Once the marker-points are adequately defined, subsequent demonstrations of facies-changes, diachronous boundaries, lacunae or similar phenomena do not affect their validity. |