| 释义 |
▪ I. fig, n.1|fɪg|
Forms: 3–5 fige, 4–6 fyg(g(e, (4 fijg), 5–8 figg(e, 6–9 Sc. and 9 dial. feg, 9 dial. vig, 5– fig.
[a. OF. fige, figue, ad. Prov. figa, figua = Sp. higa (obs. rare), It. fica (rare):—popular Lat. *fīca fig, f. L. fīcus (u-stem) fig-tree, fig. The L. fīcus was taken into OE. as fíc (see fike n.1) and was represented directly in OF. by fi (= It. fico, Sp. higo, Pg. figo), and *fīca by fie.]
1. a. The fruit of the fig-tree or Ficus, esp. the fruit of the Ficus carica. † figs of Pharaoh: the fruit of the Sycamore Fig (Ficus Sycomorus).
a1225Ancr. R. 150 Swete frut, þet me clepeð figes. c1325Coer de L. 1549 Fyggys, raysyns, in frayel. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iii. 29 Ne on croked kene þorne kynde fygys wexe. c1400Mandeville (1839) v. 50 Fyge trees þat beren no leves but fyges vpon the smale braunches, & men clepen hem Figes of Pharoon. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 15 An sethe fygys in Wyne & grynde hem. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iii. 573 The milky Fig, the Damson black and white. 1671Salmon Syn. Med. iii. lxxxii. 713 Apply a Cataplasm of Figgs and Raisons stoned. 1730–46Thomson Autumn 679 Beneath his ample leaf the luscious fig. 1801Southey Thalaba ii. xxxiii, Before their guest They laid..the luscious fig. 1870Morris Earthly Par. I. ii. 552 In the orchard hangs aloft The purple fig.
b. = fig-tree. Any tree of the genus Ficus, esp. Ficus carica. Indian fig: the Banyan (F. indica), or the Pipal (F. religiosa).
1382Wyclif Num. xx. 5 The whiche ne fige getith, ne vynes, ne powmgarnettis. c1400Rom. Rose 1364 Fyges, & many a date tree There wexen. c1440Promp. Parv. 159 Fygge or fyge tre, ficus. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 222 Figs and Mulberries will be propagated by their Suckers. 1763Churchill Gotham 1, The Fig, which..gave our first Parents Cloaths. 1860Delamer Kitch. Gard. 150 The Fig—Ficus carica.
c. In the East and West Indies popularly applied (like the corresponding words in Fr., Sp., and Pg.), to the Banana, also to the Cochineal Cactus.
1582N. Litchfield tr. Castaneda's Discov. E. Ind. ix. 22 Fruites: that is to saye, Pomegranets, Figges of the Indias, Orenges. 1700S. L. tr. C. Fryke Two Voy. into E.I. 31 Pisang Figgs, which are a long kind of Figg. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 17 The Indian Fig..call'd Jamacan..is the same Plant that..bears the Cochineal. 1794[see cochineal 2]. 1871Kingsley At Last ii. 49 At St. Thomas's we had been introduced to bananas (figs, as they are miscalled in the West Indies). 1961F. G. Cassidy Jamaica Talk xvi. 351 Bananas named for their..flavour and other qualities..apple or honey (the smallest), fig (very small), plum (small). 1970Country Life 17–24 Dec. 1221/3 In the West Indies a fig is a small banana.
†2. A poisoned fig used as a secret way of destroying an obnoxious person. Often fig of Spain, Spanish fig, Italian fig. Obs.
c1589Theses Martinianæ 21 Have you given him an Italian figge? 1616R. C. Times' Whistle iii. 1151 This boy..long he shall not soe, if figs of Spain..their force retaine. 16..North Theret's Lives (1657) 45 Tamberlaine..did cause a Fig to be given him, and after his death married his widow. 1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals iii. i. 233 Some report he was poyson'd with an Italian Fig. 1691Bethel Provid. God 33 He..durst not have disobeyed for fear of a Dose, or a Fig.
3. As the name of a disease, from the resemblance in shape.
†a. In human beings: The disease Ficus, or the piles. Also pl. Obs.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 707 Hic figus, the fyge. 1483Cath. Angl. 130/1 Þe Figes, quidam morbus, ficus. c1550Lloyd Treas. Health (1585) M ij, It is good if the fygge blede.
b. Farriery. An excrescence on the frog of a horse's foot, somewhat resembling a fig.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 414 Of the Figge. A Horse having receiued any hurt..in the sole of his foot..there will grow in that place a certain superfluous piece of flesh, like a Figge. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 142 You must pare the hoofe..betwixt the sole of the foot and the figge. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Fig in the manege, is a sort of wart on the frush and sometimes all over the body of a horse. 1823in Crabb Technol. Dict.
4. a. As a type of anything small, valueless, or contemptible; also, † a dried fig; a fig's end. In phrases: † never a fig = not at all; (to † bid, care, give) a fig, or fig's end for; to mind, value (a person or thing), be worth a fig or fig's end.
c1400Destr. Troy 12206 He fortherit neuer a fyge with his fight yet. c1450Crt. of Love xcviii, A Figge for all her chastite! 1571Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 115 If hee threaten as an enemie, a figge for his Monarchie. a1572Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 173 A feg for the fead, and a buttoun for the braggyne of all the heretikis..in Scotland. 1600Rowlands Let. Humours Blood i. 7 All Beere in Europe is not worth a figge. 1632Sherwood s.v. Figge, Not to care a figge for one, faire la figue à. 1634Withals Dict. 557 Fumi umbra non emerim, I will not give a fig's end for it. 1710Brit. Apollo III. 3/1 No Man Does care a Fig for such a Woman. 1728Vanbr. & Cib. Prov. Husb. ii. i. 49 Pshah! a Fig for his Mony! 1840Thackeray Catherine vii, We have it from nature, and so a fig for Miss Edgeworth. 1852― Esmond iii. ii, Nor..is the young fellow worth a fig that would. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., A feg's end for it. 1887Poor Nellie (1888) 185 Charlie does not care a fig about it.
†b. Used contemptuously; so fig's end used as a substitute for some other word. Also as an exclamation. Cf. fiddlestick(s! fiddlestick's end! Obs.
1604Shakes. Oth. i. iii. 322 Vertue? A figge, 'tis in our selues that we are thus, or thus. Ibid. ii. i. 256 Rodo. She's full of most bless'd condition Iago. Bless'd figges-end. 1752Foote Taste ii. Wks. 1799 I. 23 This is Mynheer Baron de―. Lady. Mynheer Figs-end.
5. dial. A raisin.
1787Grose Prov. Gloss., Figs, raisins, W. 1880in W. Cornw. Gloss. 1882Hampsh. Gloss.
6. slang.
1798Edgeworth Pract. Educ. I. 315 Coiners give..names to..the various kinds of false money which they circulate; such as flats, or figs, or figthings.
7. Soap-making. (See quots.)
1885Carpenter Manuf. Soap i. 12 The appearances known as ‘grain’ or ‘strike’ in a hard soap and ‘fig’ in a soft soap, are due to the crystalline character of soap. Ibid. vi. 161 To produce a grained soft-soap (or ‘fig’).
8. fig (of tobacco): a small piece. Cf. fid.
1837–40Haliburton Clockm. (1862) 187 How are you off for tobacco? said Mr. Slick. Grand, said he, got half a fig left yet. 1893Mrs. C. Praed Outlaw & Lawmaker I. 103 Running round to the store for a fig of tobacco.
9. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib., as fig-box, fig drum, fig-juice, fig-plaster, fig-skin, fig-tart, fig-wasp, fig-wood, fig-yard; fig-like adj.b. objective, as fig-gatherer, fig-lover, fig-seller.
1868Less. Mid. Age 126 The one man of the company set his foot upon the old *fig-box.
1864Thoreau Cape Cod x. (1894) 324, I saw a great many barrels and *fig-drums.
1552Huloet, *Figge gatherer, ficetor.
1853Hickie tr. Aristoph. (1872) II. 637 Pound together garlic with *fig⁓juice.
1845Lindley Sch. Bot. iv. (1858) 28 b, The roots have long *fig-like fibres.
1552Huloet, *Figge louer, ficetor.
1884Browning Ferishtah (1885) 56 Try a *fig-plaster: may it ease thy pangs!
1483Cath. Angl. 129/2 A *Fige celler, ficarius.
1855Browning Fra Lippo 85, I starved..On *fig⁓skins.
1552Huloet, *Figge tartes, collybia.
1883G. Allen in Knowl. 3 Aug. 66/1 The *fig-wasps lay their eggs in the fruit of the caprifico.
1875J. H. Pollen Anc. & Mod. Furn. 33 *Figwood, willow, plane, elm, ash [etc.].
1570Levins Manip. 210/29 The *Fygyeard, ficetum. 1874Farrar Christ 55 Winding thro' the rich figyards and olive groves.
10. Special comb., as fig-apple, a kind of apple (see quot.); fig-banana, a small variety of the banana common in the West Indies (Cent. Dict.); fig-bean, a name for several species of Lupinus; fig-bird, (a) = beccafico; (b) see quot. 1854; fig-blue, soluble blue; fig-cake (see quot. 1858); fig-dust, finely ground oatmeal, used as food for caged birds (Cent. Dict.); fig-eater, (a) one who eats figs; (b) = beccafico; fig-fauns = L. fauni ficarii (see Forcellini s.v. ficarius); fig-finch = beccafico; fig-flower, a fig of the first crop; fig-frail, a frail or basket of figs (see frail n.); fig-gnat, a gnat, Culex ficarius, injurious to the fig; fig-marigold, a name given to several species of the genus Mesembrianthemum; fig-pecker = beccafico; fig-peepul, the Indian Fig (see above, sense 1 b); fig-shell, a shell somewhat resembling a fig; fig-sue dial., a posset of bread, figs, and ale; fig-Sunday dial., Palm Sunday; fig-water, a decoction of figs. Also fig-leaf, -tree, -wort.
1707Mortimer Husb. 542 The *Fig-apple is also newly propagated, the Tree yielding no Blossoms..nor hath the Fruit in it any Core.
1657W. Coles Adam in Eden ccxii. 333 They are usually called Lupines..yet some call them *Fig-beanes after the Dutch name. 1878–86Britten & Holland Plant-n., Fig-Bean.
1576Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 105 *Figge-birds. 1854J. W. Warter Last of Old Squires xiii. 138 The chiff-chaffs; one of which Sussex people call the fig-bird.
1786N.Y. Directory 26 Coller, Christopher, *fig-blue manufacturer. 1861Mrs. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. 1010 The linen..should again be rinsed..in abundance of cold water slightly tinged with fig-blue.
1837Wheelwright tr. Aristophanes II. 29 She once supplied us with *fig-cakes and figs. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Fig-cake, a preparation of figs and almonds worked up into a hard paste, and pressed into round cakes like small cheeses.
1552Huloet, *Figge eater, ficarius. 1678Ray Willughby's Ornith. 216 The Beccafigo or Fig-eater.
1750Bible (Douay) Jer. I. 39 Therefore shall dragons dwell there with the *fig-fauns.
1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. xviii. 162 The *Fig-finch, the Thrush and the Oisters.
1719London & Wise Compl. Gard. v. 94 Figs bear twice a year, viz. first in July and August, and are usually call'd *Fig-Flowers.
1607Middleton Five Gallants iv. v, Upon paths made of *fig-frails.
1658Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 954 Culex ficarius, i.e. *Fig Gnat.
1731Medley Kolben's Cape G. Hope II. 255 African *Fig-Marygold with a long triangular leaf and a flesh coloured flower. 1881E. Holub Seven Yrs. in S. Africa I. i. 16 Fig-marigolds of various kinds are especially prominent.
1647R. Stapylton Juvenal 267 The ficedula or *figpecker, called by the Italian ‘beccafico’, because it feeds most on figtrees. 1864A. V. Kirwan Host & Guest i. 2 Several species of dates, fig-peckers, roebuck, and wild boar.
1859Lang Wand. India 303 The tamarind, the *fig-peepul, the pomegranate, and others of the plains.
1752Sir J. Hill Hist. Anim. 151 The *Fig-shell, with the depressed clavicle. 1888Riverside Nat. Hist. I. 352 The species of Ficula are known from their shape as fig or pear shells.
1851Cumbrld. Gloss., *Fig-Sue, bread and figs boiled in ale.
1850N. & Q. 1st Ser. II. 68/2 *Fig Sunday.
1747Mrs. Delany Autobiog. (1861) II. 480 *Fig-water has cured him.
▪ II. † fig, n.2 Obs.|fɪg|
[ad. F. figue (in phrase faire la figue to make the gesture described), ad. It. fica; cf. Sp. higa in dar la higa to ‘give the fig’.
By some identified with fig n.1 (for a story purporting to account for the use, see Littré s.v.). According to others, It. fica had an indecent sense: see Tommaseo's Dict.]
A contemptuous gesture which consisted in thrusting the thumb between two of the closed fingers or into the mouth. Also, fig of Spain, and to give (a person) the fig.
1579U. Fulwell Art of Flattery ii. C iv/1 For a token I thee sende A dotinge Figge of Spayne. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iii. vi. 62 The Figge of Spaine. 1600Shepherd's Slumber 90 in England's Helicon Z iv, With scowling browes their follies check and so giue them the Fig. 1891C. E. Norton Dante's Hell xxv. 133 The thief raised his hands with both the figs, crying, ‘Take that God!’
▪ III. fig, n.3|fɪg|
[f. fig v.4 2.
It has been asserted that in fashion prints ‘Full fig.’ (abbreviation for figure) and ‘Demi-fig.’ were formerly used for front and back or side views of the figure; but we have failed to find confirmation of the statement.]
1. Dress, equipment, only in phr. in full fig.
1841T. Hook Fathers & Sons xxi, In full fig for the ceremony. 1839De Quincey Casuistry Rom. Meals Wks. III. 269 All belted and plumed, and in full military fig. 1866Motley Corr. 14 Aug. II. 247 We all turned out in full fig the other day.
2. Condition, form.
1883Sherer At Home in India 203 Lord Alaric was in great fig. Mod., The horse was in good fig for the race.
▪ IV. † fig, v.1 Obs. rare.
[f. fig n.1]
trans. only in † to fig away (a person): to get rid of by means of a poisoned fig. Obs. Cf. fig n.1 2.
1609Bp. W. Barlow Answ. Nameless Cath. 23 Cardinals Allen and Tollet; yea Pope Sixtus quintus himselfe, all figg'd away in a trice. Ibid. 109 What an excellent veine both Popes haue in Figging each other away.
▪ V. † fig, v.2 Obs.
[f. fig n.2]
trans. To insult (a person) by giving him the fig: see fig n.2
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, v. iii. 123 When Pistoll lyes, do this, and figge me, like The bragging Spaniard.
▪ VI. † fig, v.3 Obs.
Also 7 figge.
[var. of fike v.1; cf. also fidge v.]
intr. To move briskly and restlessly; to jog to and fro. Also, to fig about.
1595Enq. Tripe-wife (1881) 148, I trotted from my trotter stall, And figd about from neates feete neatly drest. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. Handie-Crafts 505 Like as a hound that..upon the sent doth ply, Figs to and fro, and fals in cheerfull cry. 1644Quarles Barnabas & B. (1651) 73 They that..run to sermons, figge to lectures, pray thrice a day [etc.]. a1734North Exam. i. iii. § 125 (1740) 204 Multitudes of factious People incessantly figed about.
Hence ˈfigging vbl. n., and ppl. a.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 6 Not medling with figging, chopping, & changing, nor seeking their living by handycrafts. 1601Deacon & Walker Answ. to Darel 190 Your violent fiskings and figgings about those your idle vagaries. a1627Middleton Chaste Maid iii. ii, Their short figging little shittle-cock heels! a1659Osborn Observ. Turks Wks. (1673) 334 Their daily figging up and down the streets..unattended. a1693Urquhart Rabelais ii. xxxii, Their..figging Itch, wrigling Mordicancy. a1734North Lives I. 99 His figging about at the first entrance.
▪ VII. fig, v.4|fɪg|
[var. of feague.]
1. trans. = feague v. 2 b. to fig out (a horse): to trot out in lively condition. Also to fig up, to make lively or spirited.
1810Sporting Mag. XXXVI. 182 He said the horse..was figged with ginger. 1819Moore Tom Crib's Mem. 24 In vain did they try to fig up the old lad. 1825C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 177 Fig out two lively ones [horses].
2. to fig out: to dress, ‘get up’. Also to fig up: to furbish up, make ‘smart’.
1825M. Wilmot Let. 26 Sept. (1935) 223, I figg'd up the petticoat into a broad sash for Wm's waist. 1837Marryat Dog-fiend xx, Landsmen are figged out as fine as Lord Harry. 1841Thackeray Second Funeral Napoleon i, Cowards fig themselves out..as ‘salvage men’. 1872Punch 9 Nov. 196/1 It [a house] wants a little figging up. 1883W. C. Russell in Longm. Mag. III. 123 The waiter's costume, as he styled the dress I had figged myself out in.
†3. ? To stuff. Obs. rare—1.
Johnson explains this: ‘To put something useless into a person's head. Low Cant.’
1692R. L'Estrange Fables cccciii. 378 Away to the Sow she goes, and Figs her in the Crown with another Story.
▪ VIII. † fig, v.5 slang. Obs.
[Of doubtful origin; perh. (like feague, fig v.4, fake) repr. Ger. fegen: see fake v. The spelling fegge (see fig-boy) seems to support this.]
intr. To pick pockets. Hence ˈfigger (see quot.). ˈfigging vbl. n. only in figging-law (see quot. 1785).
c1550Dice-Play B v a, Hyghe law robbery; Figginge law, picke purse crafte. 1611Dekker Roaring Girle Wks. 1873 III. 220 All his traine study the figging law. 1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tong., Figger, a little boy put in a window to hand out goods to the diver. Ibid., Figging law, the art of picking pockets. |