| 释义 |
fixate, v.|ˈfɪkseɪt|
[f. L. fīx-us (see fix a.) + -ate3.]
1. trans. To fix; to render stable.
1885Mind X. 560 The percipient..often judges on general grounds without laboriously fixating the sensation. 1887Science 16 Dec. 293 To fixate and hold one sensation is an art that must be learned.
2. intr. To become fixed.
1888Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. I. 506 Some subjects fixate first and then the eyes close, or are closed by the operator.
3. a. trans. To direct the eyes upon, concentrate the gaze directly on.
1889Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. II. 639 Carefully fixate the point marked, keeping the eye entirely from wandering. 1924R. M. Ogden tr. Koffka's Growth of Mind iii. §5. 71 In fixation, the eye is turned until the fixated object falls upon the place of clearest vision. 1931Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 9 Let a subject fixate a point between two discs of different shades of grey. 1951G. Humphrey Thinking ix. 268 Instructions were: to fixate no special point, but if fixation is necessary to direct attention towards the middle of the dividing line, [etc.]. 1971Sci. Amer. June 36/3 The subject must move his eyes and look around the picture, fixating each part he wants to see clearly.
b. Psychol. Orig., in Freudian theory, to cause (a component of the libido) to be arrested at an immature stage leading a person to abnormal attachments to people or things, etc.; hence, to cause (a person) to react automatically to stimuli in terms which relate to a previous strong emotional experience; to establish (a response) in this way. Usu. pass. or as fixated ppl. a., established or responding in this way; also loosely, obsessed with. Cf. fixation 3 b.
1926W. McDougall Outl. Abnormal Psychol. 133 According to this theory [sc. the theory of the Œdipus complex] the libido..of every infant normally becomes fixated upon the parent of the opposite sex. 1945‘G. Orwell’ Crit. Ess. (1951) 185 It is clear that for many years he remained ‘fixated’ on his old school. 1951N. E. Miller in S. S. Stevens Handbk. Exper. Psychol. 443 When animals that have learned a specific habit..are given a few electric shocks at the choice point, it ‘fixates’ their behaviour. 1952W. J. H. Sprott Social Psychol. ix. 180 Furthermore..frustration may give rise to a response..which gets ‘fixated’ and is repeated in the frustrating situation over and over again, irrespective of its uselessness. 1955Bull. Atomic Sci. Jan. 14/1 As a nation, we became fixated to the transitory moment of our victory. 1957C. M. Anderson Beyond Freud i. 13 The person who is ‘fixated at the anal level’ has traits supposedly characteristic of the child from one to three years. 1958Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Mar. 159/3 The build⁓up is good: a rich, crippled husband, fixated on his only son; a nymphomaniac wife, [etc.]. 1962C. E. Buxton in Hilgard Introd. Psychol. (ed. 3) xvii. 480/1 An individual may in some sense have remained immature by being fixated or caught at one stage of development. |