| 释义 |
▪ I. † foin, n.1 Obs.
Forms: 4–7 foyn(e, 5 fooyne, fune, Sc. fonȝe, founȝe, foynȝe(e, funȝe, 6 fowyng, fouoyne, 6–8 foin(e.
[a. OF. foine (Fr. fouine), altered form (after OF. fou:—L. fāgum beech) of faïne:—late L. fāgīna, f. fāg-um; the animal was so named from its feeding on beech-mast.]
1. An animal of the polecat or weasel kind; the beech-marten (Mustela foina).
1423Jas. I. Kingis Q. clvii, There sawe I..The martrik sable; the foynzee, and mony mo. 1550J. Coke Eng. & Fr. Heralds §213 (1877) 118 We have marterns, foynes..squerelles, etc. 1619Middleton Triumphs Love & Antiq. Wks. V. 289 The names of those beasts bearing fur..Ermine, foine, sables, martin [etc.].
2. The fur of this animal; in pl., trimmings or garments made of the fur.
c1394P. Pl. Crede 295 A cote haþ he furred, Wiþ foyns, or wiþ fitchewes. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles iii. 150 Ffurris of ffoyne and oþer ffelle-ware. 1493in Halyburton's Ledger (1867) 30 Item 100 rygis of fownȝes. 1562in Heath Grocers' Comp. (1869) 426 note, Anye kind of furs in their gownes, but onlye foynes and budge. 1641Triumph Chas. I in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) V. 96 About eighty comely and grave citizens, in foins and liveries. 1718Ozell Tournefort's Voy. II. 376 The French Foines are much in esteem there.
3. attrib. and Comb., as foin(s-back, foin-skin, foin-tail, etc.; foins-bachelor, one of a company dressed in gowns trimmed with foins, who took part in London civic processions (see bachelor 2); foins-gown, one trimmed with foins.
1561in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. vi. 189 My gowne..faced with *foyne backes. 1612Sc. Bk. Customs in Halyburton's Ledger (1867) 306 Furres called..Foynes—backes..tailes..powtes.
1681T. Jordan Lond. Joy 1 A youthful number of *Foyns Batchellors.
1692Lond. Gaz. No. 2812/4 Also *Foins Gowns, and Scarlet Hoods for Rich Batchelors.
1718Ozell Tournefort's Voy. II. 376 These *Foine-Skins.
▪ II. foin, n.2|fɔɪn|
Forms: see vb.
[f. foin v.]
1. A thrust or push with a pointed weapon. to cast a foin at: to make a thrust at. Obs. or arch.
c1450Fencing w. two handed Sword in Rel. Ant. I. 309 Thy quarters abowte, Thy stoppis, thy foynys. 1558T. Phaer æneid vii. U iv, They..fight with foyne of pointed speare. 1565Golding Ovid's Met. xii. (1593) 284 Sir Dryant with a stake..did cast at him a foine, And thrust him through. c1570Marr. Wit & Science v. iv, Kepe at the foyne; come not wythin his reache. 1638Heywood Wise Woman iv. Wks. 1874 V. 330, I had my wards, and foynes, and quarter-blowes. 1814Southey Roderick xxv. 400 Many a foin and thrust Aimed, and rebated.
fig.1589Pappe w. Hatchet B ij, I thought that hee which thrust at the bodie in game, would one day cast a foyne at the soule in earnest. c1610J. Davies Scourge Folly (Grosart) 10/2 They with foynes of wit, The foes of their vpholders home do hit.
†b. A wound made by such a stroke. Obs.
1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. iii. i. xv. 107 This playstre..is convenient at the begynnyng of a foyne. 1576Baker Jewell of Health 66 a, The water..healeth all maner of woundes..foynes or cuttes.
†2. = foil n.5 Obs.
[1631Gouge God's Arrows 206 Such recreations as..playing at wasters and foines.] 1656Osborn Adv. Son 22 The vast difference between a Foyn and a Sword. 1701Collier M. Aurel. Life p. 1, Ordering the [Gladiators] to fight with Foins, or Buttons upon their Swords.
▪ III. foin, v.|fɔɪn|
Forms: 4–7 foyn(e(n, (4 foygne, Sc. funȝe), 6–7 foine, 5– foin.
[app. f. OFr. foine, foisne, fouisne (Fr. fouine), a three-pronged fish-spear:—L. fuscina in same sense.
This etymology involves some difficulties, as there is no evidence of the adoption of the n. in Eng., nor of the existence of any OF. verb *foisnier, foinier.]
1. intr. To make a thrust with a pointed weapon, or with the point of a weapon; to lunge, push. Often to foin at (a person) or with (a weapon). arch.
1375Barbour Bruce viii. 307 Thai..Fwnȝeit and fawcht all sturdely. a1400Morte Arth. 1494 They..ffoynes faste att þe fore breste with flawmande swerdez. a1440Sir Degrev. 274 With speres ferisly they foynede. 1565Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 571 Ye foine only at your owne shadow, and hit nothing. 1635N. R. Camden's Hist. Eliz. iii. 353 That deadly manner of foyning with the rapier. 1700Dryden Palamon & Arc. ii. 196 They lash, they foin, they pass, they strive to bore Their Corslets. 1826Scott Woodst. xviii, The fellow foins well. 1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! (1861) 49 Foining with his point.
transf. and fig.a1562G. Cavendish Wolsey in Wordsworth Eccl. Biog. (1839) I. 527 The boare continually foining at him with his great tuskes. 1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 101 He whetteth his Horne..and in his fight wardeth and foyneth at the Elephant his bellye. 1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. ii. ix. 211 Heat, and..Cold, are always persecuting and foyning at the weaker..parts of Nature.
†2. trans. To thrust at, stab, pierce, prick.
c1380Sir Ferumb. 5640 Foygnede hym with þat knyf. 1520Caxton's Chron. Eng. vii. 118/2 They..foyned theym with theyr swerdes and speres thrugh theyr bodyes. 1548Patten Exped. Scot. I iiij b, Lashe at þe legges of þe horse, or foyne him in þe belly.
transf.c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 428 Þat fele hit [a head] foyned wyth her fete.
Hence ˈfoining vbl. n. and ppl. a.; ˈfoiningly adv.
c1400Destr. Troy 10287 Fell was the fight foynyng of speires. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccclxxiii. 617 With their foyninge the Englyssheman was ouerthrowen to the erthe. 1558T. Phaer æneid vii, Borespeares longe they whirle, or foynyng forks. 1599Shakes. Much Ado v. i. 84 Sir boy, ile whip you from your foyning fence. 1618Fletcher Loyal Subj. i. iv, Are you afraid of foining? 1620Thomas Lat. Dict., Punctim..foiningly, pointingly. 1628Wither Brit. Rememb. iii. 945 The capring Dancer, and the foining Fencer. |