| 释义 |
▪ I. trawl, n.|trɔːl|
Also 7 trall, (troul, 8–9 trowl).
[Origin and age obscure. If quot. 1481–90 belongs here, trawelle might be related to rare MDu. traghel drag-net (in Teuthonista 1475), referred by Verwijs and Verdam ult. to L. tragula drag-net. But the MS. reading is indistinct, and some would read tramelle (trammel n.1 1).
Apart from quot. 1481–90, the vb. appears earlier than the n., and may be its source, but is no less obscure in origin. The forms troul, trowl were perh. due to confusion with trowl, troll, another fishing term.]
I.
1. A strong net or bag dragged along the bottom of fishing-banks; a drag-net; = trawl-net 1; esp. that now often distinguished as the beam-trawl, described in its modern form in quot. 1880. Also applied to a similar smaller drag-net used for the scientific investigation of the sea-bottom, dredging for deep-sea organisms, etc.
[1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 192 My lorde Rekened with his netter and he had sent home to stoke a dragge of viij fadam y⊇ fadam xij d... Item a trawelle (?) of vij fadam, the Fadam vj d.] 1759B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. I. Isle of Wight 120 Tho' the Method of using Trawls, which of late Years has prevailed, is no small Diminution of their Plenty, it being found by Experience to destroy the Spawn. 1763Ellis in Phil. Trans. LIII. 419 The Animal..was taken in a trawl in 72 fathoms water. 1834[see trawl-net 1]. 1877W. Thomson Voy. Challenger I. i. 17 A portion of a huge Pyrosoma..was brought up in the trawl. 1880Chamber's Encycl. IX. 524 The Trawl, or Beam-trawl..is a triangular purse-shaped net, about 70 feet long, usually having a breadth of about 40 feet at the mouth, and gradually diminishing to 4 or 5 feet at the commencement of the cod, or smaller end.., which is about 10 feet long, and of nearly uniform breadth. The upper part of the mouth is secured to a wooden beam about 40 feet long, which keeps the net open; this beam is supported on two upright iron frames, known as the trawl-heads or irons. The under side of the net..is made with a deeply-curved margin attached to the ground-rope, the whole length of it in contact with the ground... Two stout ropes..are fastened, one to the front of each of the trawl-heads, the other ends united to form a bridle, to which is shackled a warp 150 fathoms long. By this warp the trawl is towed. Ibid. 525 A kind of trawl called the pole-trawl..is now used only in the south of Ireland. It is much less effective than the beam-trawl. 1884Science IV. 225/2 American appliances for deep-sea investigation.—Trawls and Tangles. Ibid. 226/2 The method of attaching the bridle in the Challenger trawl was similar to that afterwards adopted for the Blake trawl. 1887E. J. Mather Nor'ard of Dogger ix. (1889) 114 The cry of the watch on deck, ‘Haul here! haul the trawl! all haul! all haul!’ roused me at 5 a.m.
2.
†a. (?) The action of trawling, or (?) a trawling-ground. rare. Obs.
1630in Descr. of Thames (1758) 76 No Trawler to work in Tilbury Hope after Michaelmas, with any Manner of Net under four Inches for Plaice all the Net over. And no Trawler To come upon any Trawl with any other Net at any Time of the Year.
b. fig. An act of ‘trawling’ in order to find a person or persons (esp. a new employee) from among a larger population.
1971Daily Tel. 2 Mar. 3/3 A ‘trawl’ is being made among civil servants to find a suitable man and an appointment is expected within two months. 1980C. Moorhead Fortune's Hostages v. 97 The generals..rounded up 4,000 suspected leftists. They did very well in the trawl. 1984Times 5 Apr. 1/8, I am going to make a serious trawl through the profession and see if I can find circuit judges whom I can safely appoint.
II.
3. U.S. Applied to a buoyed line used in sea-fishing, having numerous short lines with baited hooks attached at intervals: see quot. 1864; a trawl-line. Cf. also trawl-anchor, -buoy, -roller in 4.
to set, shoot, or throw a trawl, to place a baited trawl-line in position for fishing; to strip a trawl, to examine a trawl-line in position and remove the fish caught.
(The connexion of this with sense 1 is doubtful.)
1864Webster, Trawl,..a long line, sometimes extending a mile or more, having short lines with baited hooks attached to it, used for catching certain fish, as cod, mackerel, and the like. Ibid. s.v. Trawl-line, It is used in deep-sea fishing, and is over-hauled every hour or so by men in small boats, who remove the fish (strip the trawl) and rebait the hooks. 1897Kipling Capt. Cour. 75, I helped bait up trawl ashore 'fore I could well walk.
III. 4. attrib. and Comb., as trawl-boat, trawl-fish, trawl-fisherman, trawl-fishing, trawl-hawse, trawl-smack, trawl-twine; trawl-anchor, a small anchor for a trawl-line (Cent. Dict. 1891); trawl-beam, the beam which holds open the mouth of a trawl-net; trawl-buoy, a buoy for buoying up a trawl-line; trawl-head (see quots.); trawl-keg, a keg-buoy used in connexion with a trawl-line (Cent. Dict.); trawl-line: see sense 3; trawl-man, one trained to use a trawl or drag-net; one who fishes with a trawl-net (in either sense); trawl-master, the master of a trawler: see trawler 2; trawl-roller: see quot.; trawl-warp, the warp or rope of a trawl-net; trawl-wings n. pl., towing-nets attached one to each side of a small beam-trawl for the collection of free-swimming animals. See also trawl-net.
1904Kipling in Windsor Mag. Jan. 226/2 At no time could we see the trawler, though we heard the click of her windlass, the jar of her *trawl-beam.
1799Naval Chron. I. 344 A mast for his *trawl boat.
1636Maldon, Essex, Borough Deeds Bundle 110, lf. 4 Re[ceived] for the groundage of a boate that brought *trall fish, 2d. 1865Daily Tel. 5 Jan. 5/1, 80,000 tons of ‘trawl-fish’ alone..are sent to the metropolis in [a year]. 1886York Herald 10 Aug. 7/5 There was a good supply of trawl fish at to-day's market, brought in by cutters.
1907Q. Rev. Jan. 163 Out of 600 bottles more than 54 per cent. were returned by *trawl-fishermen.
1895Daily News 16 Apr. 5/2 The new law enacted by the Danish Government prohibiting the carrying of *trawl fishing-gear within the territorial waters of Iceland. 1904Daily Chron. 24 Oct. 5/2 One shot..went straight through the mizzen-mast, and passed through the casing and the trawl-fishing board.
1904Blackw. Mag. Dec. 730 The swirl of the water beneath the *trawl-hawse.
1858Lewes Sea-side Stud. 277 Along the edge of the wide opening is a stout wooden beam, to the ends of which are fastened the *trawl heads, namely, thick flat semicircular bands of iron. 1880[see sense 1]. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 48 Improved Trawl-heads, capable of clearing with safety submarine cable and similar obstacles.
1867G. E. Clark Seven Years of Sailor's Life 308 The old mother fish, full of spawn, are snaked on, to their miles of *trawl line. 1883Standard 13 Sept. 5/4 The ‘bultow’ is..a set line, called in some places a ‘trawl line’.
1775N. D. Falck Day's Diving Vessel 25 An experienced *trawlman, accustomed to sweeping [dragging the sea-bottom]. 1864[see trawl-net 2].
1902Scotsman 3 Jan. 7/6 In Aberdeen, the headquarters of trawling, *trawlmasters ought to be more careful than anywhere else.
1877Knight Dict. Mech., *Trawl-roller, a roller having a number of grooves cut in its periphery, and attached to the side of the wherry or dory, and over which the trawls are drawn into the boat.
1895Daily News 20 May 7/6 The *trawl smack Hilda also came in with a hand gone.
1864Webster, *Trawl-warp, a rope passing through a block, used in managing or dragging a trawl-net. 1887E. J. Mather Nor'ard of Dogger (1888) 158 Our skipper..run out some eight-inch trawl-warp over each bow.
1884Science IV. 227/2 Fig. 3. The *trawl-wings attached to the beam-trawl in use.
▪ II. trawl, v.|trɔːl|
(Also 8 trowl, 9 troll.)
[Goes with trawl n. q.v.: cf. MDu. traghelen to drag, f. traghel.]
1. a. intr. To fish with a net the edge of which is dragged along the bottom of the sea to catch the fish living there, esp. flat-fish; to fish with a trawl-net or in a trawler.
1561Eden Arte Nauig. Pref. {fatpara} iv b, Certayne Fyshermen that go a trawlyng for fyshe in catches or mongers. 1630in Descr. Thames (1758) 77 No Trawler that..doth use to Trawl to take Soal, Chates, Plaice or Thorn-back. 1778Eng. Gazetter (ed. 2) s.v. Rye, All the rest of the year they trowl for soles, plaise,..brills, &c. 1822W. Robinson in J. A. Heraud Voy. & Mem. Midshipm. v. (1837) 91 We managed to trawl several times in going over these banks. 1866Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 7/4 To think that..Columbus, in his most famous voyage of discovery, commanded a craft no bigger than the lugger in which the Brighton fisherman goes out trawling!
b. To drag or dredge: cf. drag v. 7 b.
1861Stockton Times 15 Nov., The body was being trawled for on Saturday.
c. trans. To fish over (a ground) with a trawl-net; in quots. fig.
1906Academy 10 Feb. 136/1 Mr. Macmichael has trawled every source of information. 1979‘J. le Carré’ Smiley's People (1980) xix. 234 Kirov dutifully trawls the émigrés, but without result. 1984Observer 8 Apr. 32/6 We trawled Britain, the United States, Australia and South Africa for a chief executive.
2. intr. To drag a seine-net behind and about a shoal of herring, etc., in order to drive, enclose, and catch them. (Also trans. with the net as obj.: see quots.)
1864Glasgow Daily Herald 24 Sept., Trawling went on in this loch without much objection till the trawlers went into the narrow waters above Otter Spit. If trawling was to be allowed inshore they would trawl out. 1880Chambers's Encycl. IX. 525/1 The term trawling is commonly, although incorrectly, employed in Scotland to designate a particular mode of herring-fishing, which, however, is only seine-net fishing..on the principle of encircling shoals of fish, as has been practised in pilchard-fishing on the south coast of England from time immemorial. 1887Fisheries U.S. Sect. v. II. 306 The net used for driving is 200 fathoms long, 8 fathoms deep, with meshes 6 inches square, made of 9-yarn rope... The net is trawled behind and about the herd [of seals] so as to drive them into the fiord and keep them there. Sometimes they rush under or over the net.
3. trans. To catch or take with a trawl or trawl-net. Hence trawled |trɔːld| ppl. a.
1864Glasgow Daily Herald 24 Sept., I have seen the curers anxious to get the trawled herring. 1864Rep. Sea Fisheries Comm. (1865) II. 1188/1, I believe I got the second shot of trawled fish that was ever fished in this country. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 175 Swatching and Trolling Old Hoods [seals]. 1890Philos. Mag. Ser. v. Aug. 199 A specimen of Triassic conglomerate trawled seven miles south of the Deadman headland. 1906Daily Chron. 15 Oct. 6/2 The steam trawler Herbert Ingram has landed at Boston a Royal sturgeon, which weighed 20 st... It was trawled up in the North Sea.
¶4. Often confounded with trowl, troll v. (q.v.).
The following quot. appears to be the earliest instance of this confusion.
1701Cowel's Interpr. s.v. Trawlermen, Hence to trowle or trawle with a Trowling-line for Pikes.
Add:[1.] d. intr. fig. To engage in an exhaustive or extensive (sometimes indiscriminate) search for something; spec. to search for a suitable candidate by sifting through a large number.
1980‘D. Kavanagh’ Duffy iii. 56 He went trawling at the Caramel Club and took a chubby journalist back to the flat. 1984Times 26 June 15/1 GUS has been trawling for additions to its finance division. 1986P. D. James Taste for Death iii. i. 186 Haven't you seen those dreadful old men, trawling for a committee, angling for a royal commission. 1990Good Housekeeping May 70 (caption) Clare Selerie-Grey, Editor of Woman's Hour takes a good look at the day's papers, trawling for hot items. |