| 释义 |
freshman|ˈfrɛʃmən|
[f. fresh a. + man.]
1. A new comer; a novice; a ‘new hand’. Used by Cheke for † a proselyte.
c1550Cheke Matt. xxiii. 15 Ie go about both bi see and land to maak oon freschman. a1627Middleton More Dissemblers ii. iv, I'll trust no freshman with such secrets. 1679Burnet Hist. Ref. I. 490 Cranmer was an old and experienced captain, and was not to be troubled by freshmen and novices. 1708Royal Proclam. 26 June in Lond. Gaz. No. 4452/2 The Masters of Fishing-Ships..do neglect to produce Certificates of their Compliments of Green Men or Fresh Men. 1871B. Taylor Faust (1875) II. ii. i. 89 Shy and unsophisticated I, as honest freshman, waited.
attrib.1833Whewell in Todhunter Acct. Whewell's Writ. (1876) II. 164 We freshman reviewers are too serious for Lockhart.
2. a. A student during his or her first year, esp. the first term, at a University. rare.
1596Nashe Saffron Walden 4 He was but yet a fresh⁓man in Cambridge. 1628Earle Microcosm., Gentl. of Univ. (Arb.) 44 At Tennis..when hee can once play a Set, he is a Fresh-man no more. 1682Shadwell Lanc. Witches i. B j b, Your Master of Artship That made you lord it over Boys and Freshmen. 1782M. Cutler in Life, Jrnls. & Corr. (1888) II. 206 The admission of so large a class of Freshmen the last year..is matter of agreeable surprise. 1853‘C. Bede’ Verdant Green iii, Freshmen cannot learn the mysteries of college etiquette in a day. 1897–8Vassar Coll. Catal. 90 Freshman Class. Adair, Barbara. Affeld, Antoinette [etc.]. 1971Scotsman 20 May 21/8 The tall, 19-year-old Glasgow University ‘freshman’ faces her first major test of the season.
b. Comb. as freshman class U.S., ‘the lowest of the four classes in an American college’ (Webster 1890); freshman-sophomore U.S. (see quot. 1851); also shortened fresh-soph(omore).
1805D. McClure Diary (1899) 8, I..was examined & admitted into the Freshman Class at Yale College. 1832Coll. New H. Hist. Soc. III. 9 He was..in 1751..admitted a member of the freshman class in Harvard University at the age of twelve years. 1842Knickerbocker XIX. 433 From time immemorial a playful animosity has existed between the freshman and sophomore classes. 1847Yale Lit. Mag. XII. 114, I was a Fresh-Sophomore then, and a waiter in the commons' hall. 1851B. H. Hall College Words, Fresh-soph, an abbreviation of Freshman-Sophomore. One who enters college in the Sophomore year, having passed the time of the Freshman year elsewhere.
Hence ˈfreshmanhood, the condition or state of a freshman; the period during which it lasts; freshˈmanic a., of or pertaining to a freshman; † ˈfreshmanly a. = prec.; ˈfreshmanship = freshmanhood; also humorous, the personality of a freshman.
1568C. Watson Polyb. To Rdr., Thus I put forth this my freshmanly enterprise. 1605B. Jonson Volpone iv. i. (Rtldg.) 195/2 Well, wise sir Pol, since you have practised thus Upon my freshman-ship, I'll try your salt-head, What proof it is against a counter-plot. 1617Hales Serm. 9 This young fencer hath set himselfe vp one of the deepest mysteries of our profession, to practise his freshmanship vpon. c1741Brainerd in Edwards Life i. (1851) 15 Being much exposed on account of my freshmanship. 1837Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 21 Those days of Freshmanic innocence. 1848J. H. Newman Loss & Gain 4 What they had in common was freshmanship, etc. 1876Ruskin Fors Clav. VI. lxvi. 192 That I might not torment Mr. Baker with his freshmanship. 1885Macm. Mag. Nov. 28/1 As it grew in the Freshmanhood of John Henry Newman. |