| 释义 |
tribal, a. (and n.)|ˈtraɪbəl|
[f. L. trib-us tribe + -al1: hence mod.F. tribal (Littré).]
1. a. Of or pertaining to a tribe or tribes; characteristic of a tribe.
1632Lithgow Trav. vi. 296 They are..of colour Tauny, boasting much of their triball Antiquity. 1740Warburton Div. Legat. v. iii. ⁋40 Even the tribal Sceptre was established long after the death of Jacob. 1849Stephens Bk. Farm (1891) III. 409 The white face has been well described as the ‘tribal badge’ of the Hereford [ox]. 1906Petrie Relig. Anc. Egypt. viii. 58 Of these some are probably tribal gods.
b. Characterized by the tendency to form groups or by strong group loyalty.
1951H. Arendt Burden of Our Time ii. viii. 227 Tribal nationalism always insists that its own people is surrounded by ‘a world of enemies’, ‘one against all’. 1970G. Greer Female Eunuch 182 In the tribal teenage situation there are some boys with whom one does not go out. 1977Time 10 Oct. 113/1 A Jew in this rural, tribal and fiercely Christian heartland [sc. Savannah, Georgia] is a wanderer indeed.
c. As n., a member of a tribal community (usu. in pl.). Chiefly Indian English.
1958New India: Progress through Democracy iii. vi. 378 Illiteracy is almost universal among tribal peoples... Tribals are being trained as teachers. 1964Economist 18 Apr. 261/1 More are arriving daily, among them Christian and Buddhist tribals. 1971Illustr. Weekly India 25 Apr. 42/2 An elaborate welfare scheme..reached both the settlers and the tribals. 1973Country Life 14 June 1715/2 A ceremonial bag of five tigers slain by tribals in Nagaland in 1964. 1979South China Morning Post 28 Dec. 3/1 Teams of mountain tribals are to join the search for three Singapore Air Force Skyhawks which disappeared over the northern Philippines eight days ago.
2. Special collocations: tribal council, the organ of internal self-government of a recognized U.S. Indian tribe, since the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934; tribal mark, a scar resulting from the traditional or ritual cutting of the face practised among certain African tribes; hence tribal marking; also tribal scar, tribal scarring; tribal territory, an administrative division of the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan (formerly of India).
1948Salt Lake Tribune 17 Dec. 16/5 Other tribal council members, speaking in Navajo.., agreed with Mr. Akeah. 1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 5 July 1-d/4 The Northern Cheyenne Tribal Council has launched a drive for redesignation of the air quality level on the south⁓eastern Montana reservation. 1980New Age (U.S.) Oct. 5/1 Through CERT and the tribal councils, thousands of acres of traditional tribal land have been turned over to mining companies searching for uranium and coal.
1897M. Kingsley Trav. in W. Afr. xxiii. 530 The cicatrices are sometimes tribal marks, but sometimes decorative. 1965W. Soyinka Road 73 Are you sure you know who I mean? Sort of tall but a little on the short side. Tribal marks, but beginning to wear off.
1925W. D. Hambly Hist. Tattooing & its Significance iii. 176 Are there among the accounts of tribal markings any present-day accounts or ancient legends, which reveal that these marks have..an important social significance? 1973‘A. Hall’ Tango Briefing xx. 251 The carved teakwood statuette..was obviously a god, wide nosed and with tribal markings on the forehead.
1977P. Raymond Matter of Assassination iii. 23 An expressionless Negro face marked with tribal scars across the cheeks.
1982D. Wiltse Wedding Guest ii. 33 The ritual scars..had been worked..into her cheeks with a needle... The tribal scarring had been outlawed for thirty years.
1908Imperial Gazetteer India XIX. 166 In tribal territory, besides the tribes already alluded to, the Torwāl and Garhwī reside in the higher ranges of Swāt. 1951Khan & Stark Young Pakistan xxiv. 199 In the far north, an observer standing on the high mountains can in fact look down on five different lands—Afghanistan..and Pakistan (Tribal territory) in the south west. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIII. 256/2 Between the settled districts to the south and the Afghan border is the tribal territory, whose inhabitants enjoy a large measure of independence.
Hence tribally |ˈtraɪbəlɪ| adv., as a tribe; in the manner of, or in relation to a tribe.
1890Science 27 June 383/2 It is probable that Professor Putnam is not justified in concluding that the people of the two sections were tribally identical. 1908F. Spence Chr. Reunion vii. 109 note, The election (federally or tribally) of the elders of the Ecclesia by its members. |