| 释义 |
▪ I. gag, n.1|gæg|
Also 6–7 gagg(e.
[app. f. gag v.1]
1. a. Something thrust into the mouth to keep it open and prevent speech or outcry; in Surg., an apparatus for distending the jaws during an operation.
1553T. Wilson Rhet. 117 b, Musicians in England have vsed to put gagges in childrens mouthes that they might pronounce distinctely. 1580Sidney Arcadia iii. (1590) 236 They left Miso with a gagge in her mouth and bound hand and foot. 1625Fletcher & Shirley Nt. Walker iii. v, Untye his feet; pull out his gag, He will choak else! 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 611 Some..With Gags and Muzzles their soft Mouths restrain. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 359 He put a gag in my mouth, and..fastened my hands behind my back. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. iv. iv. 158 Lest he should address the people, a gag was stuffed into his mouth. 1857W. Collins Dead Secret v. ii, If I only knew where to lay my hand on a gag, I'd cram it into your..mouth! 1885Du Cane Punishm. & Prev. Crime 14 For women scolds the branks or gag..were authorised punishments.
b. fig. (Now often applied opprobriously to the action of a parliamentary majority in ‘closuring’ a debate.) Also attrib.
1623M. Kellison (title), The Gagge of the Reformed Gospell. 1629T. Adams Serm. Wks. 890 The Eye-lidde is set open with the gagges of Lust and Enuie. 1641Milton Animadv. (1851) 190 Your Monkish prohibitions, and expurgatorious indexes, your gags and snaffles. 1707J. Stevens tr. Quevedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 249 It was convenient to stop his Mouth with a Silver Gag. 1798Aurora (Phila.) 1 Aug. (Th.), Query have the Cherokees any gag-bill? 1840J. Q. Adams Mem. X. 273 Then came Atherton, of New Hampshire, the man of the mongrel gag. 1861Congress. Globe App. 49/1 The Pacific railroad bill, just passed through this House under the ‘gag’, and in violation of the constitution. 1863W. Phillips Speeches xix. 427 The nineteenth century requires sterner gags than the eighteenth. 1890Spectator 6 Sept., The American Senate has adopted the principle of fixing a time at which the vote on a Bill resisted by obstruction must be taken..The House of Representatives has already adopted this peremptory ‘gag’.
c. School slang. (See quot.) Cf. gag v.1 1.
1820Lamb Elia Ser. i. Christ's Hosp. 35 Yrs. Ago, L. has recorded the repugnance of the school to gags, or the fat of fresh beef boiled.
2. Coal-mining. (See quots.)
1747Hooson Miner's Dict., Gag, a slight bit of Timber that is soon made for the present purpose, to clap in..to keep some one Pair or more from settling, which is already begun, and so to stay it for some little time, till better may be had. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, Gags, chips of wood in a sinking pit bottom, or sump. 1888Greenwell Gloss. Coal Trade Terms (ed. 3), Gag, an obstruction in the falls or lids of a bucket or clack which prevents them from working.
3. Theatr.
a. Expressions, remarks, etc. not occurring in the written piece but interpolated or substituted by the actor.
Perh. developed from the sense explained in quot. 1747 under 2, which possibly may have been current in other than mining applications. But cf. gag n.2, v.3
1847Illustr. Lond. News 10 July 27/1 Actors who are too much given to ‘gag’ at the present day. 1861Mayhew Lond. Labour III. 126 The performance consisted of all gag. I don't suppose anybody knows what the words are in the piece. 1884Symonds Shaks. Predecess. viii. 288 Jigs were written in rhyme, plentifully interspersed with gag and extempore action. 1887Frith Autobiog. I. xxv. 383 If he [the actor] found his gag tell upon the audience he repeated it.
b. ? The ‘mounting’ of a piece. rare.
1841Punch I. 106/1, I shall do the liberal in the way of terms, and get up the gag properly, with laurels and other greens, of which I have a large stock on hand.
c. A joke; a humorous remark, situation, action, etc. Cf. gag n.2, esp. quots. 1819 and 1880.
1863H. Morford Sprees & Splashes i. 12 All play⁓goers will remember..a piece of pure nonsense by Brougham, in which an old hunks is intruded upon by his daughter's lover in disguise, the whole farce crowded full of gags. 1923Wodehouse Inimitable Jeeves xv. 195 That..curate wanted to give the public some rotten little fairy play..without one good laugh or the semblance of a gag in it. 1929M. Lief Hangover 235 Maybe I can tell you about the gag one of our better-known critics pulled in his review of Dillingham's new musical comedy..he wrote: ‘Eulalia Duncan sang so off-key last night that she had great difficulty moving her vowels.’ 1965New Statesman 16 Apr. 607/1 Braid Scots is spoken only by comedians, as a gag. Ibid. 621/1 Chekhov, still a one-word gag about gloom to P. G. Wodehouse and Noel Coward.
4. attrib. and Comb.: gag-bill, a theatrical bill summarizing the sensational episodes of a play; gag-bit (see quot.); gag-book, a book containing gags; a joke-book; gag-eater School slang (see 1 c); gag-law U.S., ‘a law or regulation made and enforced for the purpose of preventing or restricting discussion’ (Cent. Dict.); gag-man (orig. U.S.), a deviser or writer of gags; also, a comedian; so gag-writer; gag-writing; gag-piece Theatr., a ‘piece’ or play in which ‘gag’ is freely used; gag-rein, -runner (see quots.); gag-snaffle, a powerful snaffle (see quot.).
1885J. K. Jerome On Stage 147 The old man has got the knack of making out good *gag bills.
1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., *Gag-bit, a bit of very powerful description, used for breaking horses, &c.
1909B. Williams Actor's Story xix. 259 Not having a ‘*gag’ book I had to think how to adapt a scene suitable for my particular line of business. 1961Guardian 23 June 7/5 Peter de Vries's latest novel..reads like a gag-book.
1820Lamb Elia Ser. i. Christ's Hosp. 35 Yrs. Ago, A *gag-eater in our time was equivalent to a goul..and held in equal estimation.
1808J. Q. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 604, I would not repeal it, though it should raise a clamor as loud as my *gag-law. 1870Emerson Soc. & Solit. ix. 192 No exclusions, no gag-laws can be contrived. 1882Times 28 Mar. 9/4 The strange instrument [the Cloture]..which a few years ago he called the ‘gag-law’.
1928Sunday Express 15 Jan. 4 ‘Gag men’ have long flourished in America. One of them thought of making the villain sit on a red-hot stove. 1928Collier's 29 Dec. 28/3 ‘What you need is a smart gag man,’ I say. 1951Dylan Thomas Let. 12 Apr. (1966) 357, I am about to take on a new job; co-writing, with the best gagman in England..a new comic series for the radio. 1957Observer 29 Sept. 12/3 A quiet, mike-clutching gagman, in a discreetly elegant grey suit.
1865in Hotten Slang Dict. (1874) s.v., In certain pieces this [gagging] is allowed by custom, and these are called *gag-pieces. The Critic, or a Tragedy Rehearsed is one of these.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 934/2 *Gag-rein (Saddlery), a rein which passes over runners attached to the throat-latch, so as to draw the bit up into the corners of the horse's mouth when pulled upon.
Ibid. 935/1 *Gag-runner (Harness), a loop depending from the throat-latch; through it the gag-rein passes to the bit.
1856‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Sports ii. iii. i. §3. 395 The *Gag Snaffle is also a useful adjunct with pullers that get their heads down... If the horse does not pull, it is not more severe than a common snaffle; but if he does, it acts with double power, owing to the pulley-like attachment of the rein, and to its drawing against the angle of the mouth.
1959Listener 23 July 124/1 A team of *gag-writers.
1928H. Crane Let. 27 Mar. (1965) 321 Meanwhile there are mechanical jobs such as title-writing, *gag-writing, ‘continuity’ writing, etc. 1959Spectator 11 Sept. 342/2 A young undertaker's clerk given to gag-writing.
▸ gag order n. colloq. (chiefly U.S.) a directive forbidding public disclosure of information on a particular matter, esp. one enforceable by law; (Law) a judicial order preventing any or all of the parties involved in legal proceedings from making details of the case public; cf. gagging order n. at gagging adj. Special uses 2.
1906N.Y. Times 9 Jan. 1/3 One article about the press censorship matter... A correspondent of a Western paper sent a dispatch dealing with the President's ‘*gag order’ to the Cabinet. 1927S. B. Spero Labor Movement in Govt. Industry 40 The original ‘gag’ order denying the right of petition to Congress was issued by President Roosevelt. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 31 July 3/4 Striking down a Nebraska judge's gag order, the Court held that judges generally cannot impose orders on the press to prevent disclosure of information about criminal cases. 1985Time (Electronic ed.) 7 Jan. Whatever negotiating stance does finally emerge, U.S. officials are bound by a White House gag order not to leak the internal deliberations. 2002Denver Post (Electronic ed.) 3 Feb. c21 He drew a technical foul in the second half for complaining about the officiating. Afterward, Patton clamped an indefinite gag order on the freshman.
▪ II. gag, n.2 slang.|gæg|
[This and the related gag v.3, which occurs earlier, may be fig. uses of gag n.1 and v.1, with the notion of thrusting something down the throat of a credulous person, or testing his powers of ‘swallowing’. On the other hand, the words may be of onomatopœic origin (cf. gaggle) with the original sense of ‘unmeaning chatter’. In the context of the quots. from Lockhart 1819, the n. and vb. are said to be expressions current in Glasgow; but the form actually used there appears to be gegg.]
A ‘made-up’ story; a piece of deception, an imposture, a lie. broad gag (see quot. 1823).
1805Townsman (Manchester) in Spirit Publ. Jrnls. (1806) IX. 364, I hate to hear such gag about a Goliath of thirteen. 1819[Lockhart] Peter's Lett. to Kinsfolk III. 241 Whether the Gag come in the shape of a compliment to the Gaggee, or some wonderful story, gravely delivered with every circumstance of apparent seriousness. 1823‘Jon Bee’ Dict. Turf, Gag, a grand imposition upon the public; as a mountebank's professions, his cures, and his lottery-bags, are so many broad gags. 1871All Year Round 18 Feb. 288 You won't bear malice now, will you? All gag of mine, you know, about old Miss Ponsonby. 1874Hotten Slang Dict., Gag, a lie; ‘a gag he told to the beak’. 1880Antrim & Down Gloss., Gag, a joke; a deception. 1885Daily News 16 May 5/2 We need not gratify the Mahdi by believing any bazaar ‘gag’ he may circulate.
b. U.S. A laughing-stock.
1840Haliburton Clockm. iii. ii. 27 ‘Sam,’ says he, ‘they tell me you broke down the other day in the house of representatives, and made a proper gag of yourself.’
▪ III. gag, n.3 U.S.|gæg|
[Local name.]
A large serranoid fish, Mycteroperca microlepis, found off the coasts of the southern United States.
1884G. B. Goode Fisheries U.S. I. 413 There appear to be..at Key West, as well as in Bermuda, various local forms closely related to this [sc. the rock-fish], one of which is known by the name ‘Gag’. 1896Jordan & Evermann Fishes Amer. 1177 Mycteroperca Microlepis (Gag). 1950R. A. Dahne Salt-Water Fishing viii. 155 The gags seems to be increasing in popularity with many salt-water anglers.
▪ IV. gag, v.1|gæg|
Also 5 gaggyn, 6 gagge, 7 gagg.
[app. imitative of the sound made in choking.]
1.
†a. trans. To strangle, suffocate. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 184/2 Gaggyn, or streyne be the þrote, suffoco.
b. intr. To choke, lit. and fig. Also, to retch. Also trans. (causatively).
1707Hickeringill Priest-cr. ii. v. 49, I do not, in the least, wonder, that he (that swallows Transubstantiation) should Gagg at believing, that [etc.]. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Gag, to nauseate; to reject with loathing, as if the throat were closed against the admission of what is offered; to make an unsuccessful effort to vomit. 1883Hampsh. Gloss., Gag, to choke; like a dog or cat in eating greedily. 1908Practitioner Sept. 367 The operation causes a little gagging and retching at first, but the patient soon becomes accustomed to the feeling of the cords in the throat. 1939H. Hodge Cab, Sir? 49 The stench of stale beer and cheap scent makes me gag. 1945J. Steinbeck Cannery Row xvii. 70 The idea gagged him, but he couldn't let it alone. 1963M. Duggan in C. K. Stead N.Z. Stories (1966) 97 Suppose you gag a little at the sugar coating, its the same old fundamental toffee, underneath.
2. a. trans. To stop up the mouth of (a person) with a gag in order to prevent speech or outcry; to put a gag into (the mouth) in order to keep the jaws distended.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxii. (Percy) 159 We saw men in great tormenting, With many ladies, that their mouthes gagged. 1530Palsgr. 559/2, I gagge one, I putte a gagge in his mouthe that he shulde nat speke nor krye, je embaillonne. 1601B. Jonson Poetaster v. iii, Gag him, we may haue his silence. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull iv. i, He could have John gagged and bound whenever he pleased. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho lii, They fastened my arms, and gagged my mouth. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxiii, ‘Let him be gagged instantly’, said Albany. 1886W. J. Tucker E. Europe 195 He bound me, and then gagged my mouth. 1895Erichsen Surgery (ed. 10) II. 691 If the patient be efficiently gagged.
b. To stop the mouth of (an animal) with or as with a gag.
1591Harington Orl. Fur. xi. xlviii. (1607) 85 That one alone the monster should assaile, And gag him with an anker in such sort To make his strength, and life, and all to faile. 1625Bacon Ess., Goodness (Arb.) 201 A Christian Boy in Constantinople, had liked to haue been stoned, for gagging, in a waggishnesse, a longe Billed Fowle.
c. transf. and fig., esp. to deprive of power or freedom of speech; to stop the mouth of.
1601Shakes. Twel. N. i. v. 94 Vnles you laugh and minister occasion to him, he is gag'd. 1640Ld. Falkland Sp. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. iii. (1692) I. 139 He had as it were gagg'd the Commonwealth, taking away (to his power) all Power of Speech from that body. 1647Trapp Comm. Matt. ix. 32 Satan still gags many to this day, that they cannot pray to God. 1792Burns Let. to Mrs. Dunlop 6 Dec. 77, I am a placeman, you know; a very humble one, indeed, Heaven knows, but still so much as to gag me. 1827Macaulay Ess., Machiav. (1887) 48 The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and reason to be hoodwinked. 1859Helps Friends in C. Ser. ii. II x. 267 Without gagging our press. 1871L. Stephen Playgr. Europe xii. (1894) 294 The continuous snow-fields..have gagged the torrent. 1874Green Short Hist. vi. §6. 331 The Church was gagged and its pulpits turned into mere echoes of Henry's will.
†3. To prop open (a window). Obs.
1604Meeting of Gallants 18 He gagged open the Windowes.
4. a. To confine unduly the mouth of, or apply a gag-bit to (a horse). b. To obstruct the working of (a valve), to stop up the valves of (an engine).
1833Regul. Instr. Cavalry i. 75 The reins..are to be shortened by degrees, and with great care not to gag, or confine the horse too much. 1839[see gagged]. 1857Wright Provinc. Dict., Gag, to hinder motion by tightness. Northampt. 1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Gag, To apply a very powerful bit, such as is used in breaking young horses or governing restive ones. 1888Engineer June LXV. 468 The men who gagged the valve knew quite well what they were about.
5. Theat.
a. intr. To introduce ‘gag’ into a piece. (See gag n.1 3.)
1852Dickens Bleak Ho. xxxix, The same vocalist ‘gags’ in the regular business like a man inspired. 1876Tinsley's Mag. XVIII. 180 They ‘gag’ to such an extent that the author oftentimes does not recognise his own dialogue.
b. trans. To fill up (a piece) with ‘gag’.
1861Mayhew Lond. Labour III. 141 We only do the outline of the story and gag it up. 1889L. Wallack Mem. 162, I have read the part very carefully, and if you will let me gag it and do what I please with it, I will undertake it.
c. intr. To tell a joke or jokes. Also trans., with the joke as object.
1942in Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §281/11. 1959 I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. iii. 53 ‘Do you know where Smudger takes his girl?’ gags the would-be comic.
Hence ˈgagging vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. (1870) 85 Whatever the motives of ministers might have been for the sedition, or as it was then the fashion to call them, the gagging bills. 1861Mayhew Lond. Labour III. 126 And after a little business between them, all gagging, he says ‘Slave! get back to the castle.’ 1892Athenæum 6 Feb. 173/2 But for his [Canning's] gagging of the European press..some dismal or unseemly things would not have happened. 1893Times 14 July 9/5 The gagging resolution excluded all debate on the remaining clauses. 1895Erichsen Surgery (ed. 10) II. 690 Efficient gagging is one of the most essential parts of all operations on the tongue.
▸ intr.to be gagging for: to be desperate for, to require urgently.
Originally with reference to air; subsequently also (slang, chiefly Brit.) more widely, esp. in sexual contexts. to be gagging for it: to be desperate for sexual intercourse.
1942C. Mytinger Headhunting in Solomon Islands ix. 65 Both spinners have choked the engine liberally, with the result that if there is any gasoline at all the engine is gagging for air. 1962A. Sexton All my Pretty Ones 25 Didn't I die, blood running down the post, Lungs gagging for air. 1990Viz Dec. 45/5 Join the army cos all the birds are gagging for squaddies. 1996H. Fielding Bridget Jones's Diary (1997) 71, I was going to point out that three potential eligible partners gagging for it plus half the house and the pension schemes wasn't exactly nothing, but I bit my tongue. 1998Cycling & Mountain Biking Today Apr. 40/3 The best of the Brits are all gagging for a chance to show off their jumping skills.
▪ V. † gag, v.2 Obs.
Also 6 (? misspelling) gage, 7 gagg.
[? onomatopœic; cf. jag v.]
1. trans. To jerk; to strike with a sharp blow. Also, to toss up (the head); cf. Sc. geck v.
It is uncertain whether quot. 1587 belongs to this word.
1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1019/2 Minding to haue striken the man to whom he leuelled the shot: but gaging his hand, and missing his marke, he stroke his owne and best freend John Peter. 1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God xiv. xv. 518 A man sometimes..will be angry at sencelesse things, as to gag his pen [L. ut stilum collidat] in anger when it writes badly. 1617Markham Caval. v. 56 Whence hee first learnes to gagg vp his head to loose his reyne.
2. a. trans. ? To wound or prick. b. intr. To make thrusts or pricks (at).
1570Foxe tr. Prudentius' Death Cassianus in A. & M. (ed. 2) 129/2 Some other gage hys flesh and ioyntes as with a poynted nall. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. ii. 180, I was ever so mightily pricked on to revenge, as if (like a beast) the spurres thereof lay still gagging at my sides.
3. intr. To project, stick out. [Cf. ]
1599Minsheu, Púa, any naile or such like sticking or gagging out. 1886Cheshire Gloss., Gagging out, sticking out, projecting.
▪ VI. gag, v.3 slang.|gæg|
[See gag n.2]
a. trans. To deceive, take in or impose upon (a person), to ply with talk, to ‘stuff’.
b. intr. To practise imposture. to gag on: to ‘round’ on, inform against.
1777F. Burney Early Diary 7 Apr., In the most capital scene..I endeavoured, what I could, to soften off the affectation of her sudden change of disposition, and I gagged the gentleman with as much ease as my very little ease would allow me to assume. 1781G. Parker View Soc. II. 154 Having discovered the weak side of him he means to gag. Ibid. II. 155 An old Soldier had gagg'd about London many years. His mode for provoking compassion was to [etc.]. 1819[Lockhart] Peter's Lett. to Kinsfolk III. 241 Gagging..signifies, as its name may lead you to suspect, nothing more than the thrusting of absurdities, wholesale and retail, down the throat of some too credulous gaper. 1823‘Jon Bee’ Dict. Turf s.v., He, in excuse, swears he said ‘they were’ and not ‘are alive’. He thus gags the public. 1825–80Jamieson, Gag, to play on one's credulity, a cant term used in Glasow. 1828G. Smeaton Doings in Lond. 28 Gagging has been practised of late to a considerable extent on simple countrymen. 1874Hotten Slang Dict., Gag, to hoax, ‘take a rise’ out of one; to ‘cod’. 1891Tramps in Gentl. Mag. Apr. CCLXX. 390 She..besought them with (crocodile) tears not to ‘gag’ on them, in other words not to give information to the police. |