| 释义 |
▪ I. umpire, n.|ˈʌmpaɪə(r)|
Forms: α. 5 owmpere, ovmper, ompar. β. 5–6 umpere (6 vn-), 6 vmppere, 6–7 umpeer(e. γ. 5–7 umper (5 unpar). δ. 6–7 umpyer, -pier (6 impier). ε. 6– umpire (7 umpyre).
[Later form of noumpere, by transference of the n- to the indefinite article, as in adder, apron.]
1. One who decides between disputants or contending parties and whose decision is usually accepted as final; an arbitrator.
αc1400Lydg. æsop's Fab. vi. 43 Among these owmperis was werre none, ne stryf. c1440Promp. Parv. 360/1 Nowmpere, or owmpere, arbiter, sequester. 1483Cath. Angl. 263/2 An Ovmper (A. Ompar), impar.
βc1430Wyclif's Prol. Rom. (MS. Rawl. C. 257 fol. 90 b/2), Þe apostle putte him bitwene as a meene, distriynge alle her questiouns, as a good vmpere. 1450Paston Lett. I. 120 Take ȝe one, and he another; and if they may not accorde, ȝe and I to be umpere, for we stande bothe in like cas. 1552–3in E. B. Jupp Carpenters' Co. (1887) 376 John abbott Rjchard tylton George Kyng John revell..for days men and master Russell for vmppere. 1567Jewel Def. Apol. ii. 312 He is no indifferente umpeere, that firste diuideth Offices equally bitweene twoo, and afterwarde alloteth bothe offices to One alone. 1576A. Hall Acc. Quarrell (1815) 25 The just and consionable dome of so grave umpeers. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 255 They constitute him their arbitraitour and chiefe Vmpeere. 1649Ball Power of Kings 6 These things they may doe as Judges Allegate, or Umpeeres for the People. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 394/2 Being desired to be Umpeer between Apollo and Pan,..Midas passed his verdict against Apollo.
γ1464,1556[see 2]. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 421 The Ladie Flauia..commaunded them both to silence, willing Euphues as vmper in these matters, briefly to speake his minde. 1606Bp. W. Barlow Serm. E j b, The best course..will bee..to make him the vmper, whom they make our Accuser. 1611Grimeston Hist. France 969 Cardinall Medicis..was, as it were, an Vmper of all difficulties in this good and holy reconciliation.
δ1551Robinson tr. More's Utopia Ded. (1895) 3 Some as an vmpier or a judge with my sentence finallye to discusse. 1577F. de L'isle's Legendarie A vij b, The controuersie was referred vnto the arbitrement of three vmpiers. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 168 If this Aunswere..shall seeme but of small credite with you, I will bryng you Augustine for an umpyer betwixt us. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. 23, I rest waiting upon you as umpiers to know what ye advise. 1641Prynne Antip. 274 The Lords in Parliament tooke an Oath to be indifferent umpiers betweene the Bishop and Duke.
ε1599Broughton's Let. vii. 25 He, whom you..made vmpire of that..controuersie. 1606J. Carpenter Solomon's Solace xxviii. 115 If a man sinne against God, who shall bee his Umpire, or Dayes-man? 1640Quarles Enchirid. (1641) 13 When the Frog and the Mouse could not take up the Quarrell, the Kite was umpyre. 1681H. Nevile Plato Rediv. 152 A great person was to be chosen every Parliament, who should be as it were an Umpire between the King and his People. 1717J. Keill Anim. Œcon. (1738) 54 How could I wish for a more impartial Judge, or how could I choose a more proper Umpire? 1751Smollett Rod. Rand. xvii, The constable..pleaded our cause so effectually, that she condescended to make him umpire. 1815Zeluca III. 268, I must become umpire between you and Mrs. Wolsey. 1835Lytton Rienzi x. iii, We might call in an umpire—a foreigner who had no interest in either faction. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 152 To choose an umpire of discourse would be unseemly.
b. transf. Something which serves to decide or settle a matter.
1583W. M. in Foxe A. & M. (ed. 4) II. 2139 Let Gods word be vnpere, To try our true religion, From this euill fauoured geere. 1600Rowland Lett. Humours Blood v. 73 Make Steele and Iron vmpiers to the Fray. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xvi. 48 As if the Law were the sole umpire between King and people. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ iii. i. §9 It is a sign there is little of reason left, where sense is made the only Umpire of all kinds of Beings. 1696Dogget Country-Wake iii. ii. 30 Your Conscience must be Umper in this Case. 1718Rowe tr. Lucan i. 205 The Sword is now the Umpire to decide. 1784Cowper Tiroc. 29 The judgment, umpire in the strife That grace and nature have to wage through life. 1805–6Cary Dante, Inf. xxii. 140 In the boiling lake both fell. The heat Was umpire soon between them. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 55 Take thou, soul, thy solitary stand, Umpire to the champions Fancy, Reason.
†c. Something which stands between others either by way of connexion or separation. Obs.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. Eden 392 For spirits..'Twixt God and man retein a middle kinde; And (Umpires) mortall th' immortall joine. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 745 Those mountaines, which..interpose themselves as Umpiers and Bounders between diverse shires.
2. Law. A third person appointed or called upon to decide a matter submitted to arbitrators who cannot agree. Cf. referee n. 2.
1464Cov. Leet Bk. 329 If in the mean tyme the seid iiij arbitrours can not accorde that then the seid Mair to be unpar. Ibid., That..as the a-fore named iiij arbitrours..cowde not accorde, that then the seid mair to be vmper. 1552Huloet, Impier or umpier, a iudge or mediatoure taken besydes arbitors to deme a matter debated, wher the arbitrors can not agree, sequestor. 1556in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 257 To abyde the arbytrament of..arbytrators,..and that Mr. Pollard shalbe umper. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Umpire, a third Person chosen to put a final End to a Controversy left to the Determination of two Arbitrators. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 16 If they [sc. the arbitrators] do not agree, it is usual to add, that another person be called in as umpire (imperator), to whose sole judgment it is then referred. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 692 An oversman is an umpire appointed by a submission to decide where two arbiters have differed in opinion, or he is named by the arbiters themselves. 1843Penny Cycl. XXV. 501/2 The word umpire..in its legal sense..means a person named in the Submission, or under its authority, by the arbitrators to decide the matters referred, which the arbitrators either cannot or will not decide.
3. In games or contests: One to whose decision all doubtful points are referred, and who sees that the rules of the game or sport are not broken. Cf. referee n. 3 b.
1714in Parkyns Inn-Play (ed. 2) 63 [Wrestling], And in case they can't Decide such Differences, then they shall be referr'd solely to the Decision of the said Sir Thomas Parkyns as Umpire. 1778C. Jones Hoyle's Games Impr. 201 The Umpires are the sole Judges of fair and unfair Play, and have a Power to determine all Disputes. 1837Dickens Pickw. vii, The umpires were stationed behind the wickets. 1857Hughes Tom Brown ii. viii, Their leading men and umpire inspected the ground, criticising it rather unmercifully. 1884Times 15 Sept. 7/3 [Football], Mr. Walker officiated as referee, and Messrs. Davies and Bryan as umpires.
attrib.1889Infantry Drill 406 Umpire Regulations. Ibid. 407 Orders from the Umpire Staff are to be considered as emanating directly from the Umpire-in-Chief.
▪ II. ˈumpire, v.
Also 7 vmpeere, vmper.
[f. prec.]
†1. trans. To adjudge, appoint (a person to an office), in virtue of being umpire. Obs.—1
1592Bacon Observ. Libel in Resuscitatio (1657) 123 That no King of Spain, nor Bishop of Rome, shall umpire, or promote, any beneficiary, or feodatory, King, as they designed to do.
†2. To decide between (persons) as umpire; to act as umpire to. Obs. rare.
1611T. James Corrupt. Scripture iv. 19 Who shall reconcile or vmpire them, decide doubts, determine questions, and take vp all controuersies? a1657R. Loveday Lett. (1663) 19 He is now the great Cardinal that umpires almost all Christendom.
3. To settle or decide (a matter in dispute) as umpire or after the manner of an umpire.
1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. viii. 24 The Pope..therfore vndertooke to vmpeere the debates betwixt those two great Enemies. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. i. 101 The Clergy-men interposed themselues; they were to vmpire the businesse betweene vs. 1637Cartwright Royal Slave iv. iv, I have Two or three servants within call here, they Shall umpire this your variance. 1675R. Burthogge Causa Dei 379 It was the Office of the Druids..to decide and umpire Controversies. 1710R. Ward Life H. More 121, I have heard him pleasantly speaking, How he was fain to umpire the matter between his Mirth and his Sadder Tempers.
b. transf. Of things.
1609[Bp. W. Barlow] Answ. Nameless Cath. 322 The question also then in hand beeing to bee vmper'd onely by the holy Scripture. 1629N. Carpenter Achitophel ii. (1640) 115 Queasi stomacks had rather appetite should umpire their desires, then judgement. 1674T. Flatman Desperate Lover 2/8 A turfe of grass or Monument of Stone Umpires the petty competition.
4. spec. To supervise (games or contests) in the capacity of umpire.
1861Times 12 July, The regatta yesterday was exceedingly well managed, and the races umpired by gentlemen of the Universities. 1884Harper's Mag. Oct. 726/1 It is not an unusual sight to see a game among the officers ‘umpired’ by some..non-commissioned officer. 1887Field 13 Aug. 283/3 The various competitions were umpired from the bows of a launch.
b. To give (a player) out, as umpire.
1894Daily News 20 June 5/2 Conceivably, he ‘umpired out’ the other side whenever he had an opportunity.
5. intr. To act as umpire. Also const. between, betwixt.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 328 We list not to vmpire betwixt Geographers. a1638Mede Wks. (1672) 746 Even Cæsar at first umpired between her and her brother, in matters of difference between them. a1688Cudworth Freewill (1838) 42 In this contest there is no necessary understanding interposing and coming in to umpire between, that does unavoidably and irresistibly determine one way or other. 1716M. Davies Athen. Brit. II. 243, I am sure nothing can be justly pleaded in Bar to their undoubted Prerogative..to Umpire in this Contest about Primitive Christianity. 1881W. Thomson Bacon & Shakespeare 29 None will be readier than he to umpire justly. 1901Weekly Register 22 Nov. 649/2 The famous cricketer, who often used to umpire at boys' matches.
b. With it.
1620R. Brathwait Five Senses in Archaica (1815) II. 51 Nobly interposing himself..to umpire it, that it may be more evenly carried, and more equally composed. 1627W. Sclater Exp. 2 Thess. (1629) 299 While Thomas..must vmpire it in Religion. 1695J. Sage Article Wks. 1844 I. 268 She umpired it between the Queen of Scotland and those who appeared for her son.
Hence † ˈumpirer, an umpire. Obs. rare.
1650Fuller Pisgah i. x. 32 If the extent of their dominions be surveyed, and our eye in the Map made umpirer therein, the case is clear. 1675J. Smith Chr. Relig. Appeal iv. 97 The Umpirers of Difference among the Nations of the World. |