| 释义 |
grading, vbl. n.|ˈgreɪdɪŋ|
[f. grade v.2 + -ing1.]
The action of the vb. grade2.
1. gen. (See the senses of the vb.)
1871Athenæum 29 Apr. 531/1 The art of the painter has supplied that subtle grading of light and tone which all enjoy. 1882C. L. Brace Gesta Chr. 400 The grading and separation of prisoners. 1886Athenæum 11 Dec. 789/2 [The picture] gives with delightful truth..and aërial grading a view near the mouth of the Thames.
2. spec.
a. The action or process of sorting (produce) into grades according to quality. Also attrib.
1883E. Ingersoll in Harper's Mag. June 75/2 It descends another story upon patented grading screens, which sort out the larger-sized grains from the smaller. Ibid. 76/2 The first operation..is the grading of the middlings. 1887Contemp. Rev. May 699 The odious elevator, against which they preferred the charges of false grading.
b. The action or process of reducing (a road, etc.) to practicable gradients; concr. a graded portion of a road. Also attrib.
1835Jrnl. Franklin Instit. XV. 233 The amount of labour in grading, fixing rails, and forming all other parts of the road. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xix. 55 The grading of the road..they could easily understand. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Grading-scraper, a large two handled shovel drawn by a pair of horses..It is used in road-making [etc.]. 1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 130 Fifteen miles..were cleared of brush and some grading was done last year. 1881‘Mark Twain’ Tramp Abr. xvii. 134 The heavy work in..the new railway gradings is done mainly by Italians.
c. The placing of school teachers or pupils in groups according to ability and other qualifications.
1903A. B. Hart Actual Govt. Amer. Conditions 543 The number of children is great enough to allow complete grading. 1923N.Z. Educ. Gaz. 3 Apr. 39/1 Revised grading-marks will reach all primary-school teachers this month. 1923Ibid. 1 Oct. 157/1 The grading of primary-school teachers. 1958S. Ashton-Warner Spinster 90, I have tried.., giving far more to my work than many a crack Infant Mistress in town, dancing upward on the grading list. 1963[see grade n. 4 d]. |