| 释义 |
rectification|rɛktɪfɪˈkeɪʃən|
[a. F. rectification (14th c. in Littré), or ad. late L. rectificātiōn-em, n. of action f. rectificāre to rectify.]
The action of rectifying.
1. a. The correction of error; a setting straight or right; amendment, improvement, correction.
c1460G. Ashby Dicta Philos. 491 The most grettest Rectificacion Ys, from evel thinges to directe a kinge. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. i. iv. i, They haue done more cures in this kind by rectification of Diet, then all other Physick. 1651C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. i. 119 For though rectification be not errour, yet it doth presuppose Errour. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. 48 marg., Rectification of the Feeder. 1765Warburton Div. Legat. v. App., If his Lordship by the present state of things, includes the rectification of them in a future state [etc.]. 1808Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 98/1 That they must bear this patiently, and look to another world for its rectification. 1882Lecky Eng. in 18th Cent. (1892) IV. xvi. 355 A few slight rectifications of territory were at the same time made. 1891Law Rep. Weekly Notes 58/2 Such mistake is not capable of rectification as between ordinary adverse litigants.
(b) spec. in Chinese communism, the correction of errors in ideology and practice within the communist party. Also attrib., as rectification campaign, rectification drive, rectification movement.
1956tr. Sel. Wks. Mao Tse-Tung IV. 111 In the rectification campaign of 1943 all bureaux..of the Central Committee of the Party, all regional and district Party Committees should..endeavour to gain experience. 1959New Statesman 17 Jan. 64/3 We make sure that..any professor or student who needs rectification is encouraged to volunteer for three or four weeks of unskilled labour in the steel works. 1962E. Snow Red China Today (1963) xlvii. 376 It was the opening shot of an official ‘rectification’ or cheng-tung tso-feng movement. 1967tr. Quotations from Chairman Mao Tsetung (ed. 2) 4 As we used to say, the rectification movement is ‘a widespread movement of Marxist education’. Rectification means the whole Party studying Marxism through criticism and self-criticism. 1971J. J. Taylor in D. J. Dwyer China Now (1974) xxii. 425 The Cultural Revolution is to the international united front what the rectification drives within the CCP in 1941 and 1942 were to the anti-Japanese front in China: an effort to maintain purity and fervour in the revolutionary nucleus. 1977Time 21 Mar. 22/3 Mao's..willingness periodically to shake up the bureaucracy in ‘rectification campaigns’.
†b. Astron. and Astrol. Obs.
a1646J. Gregory Terrestrial Globe in Postuma (1650) 286 This is called Rectification, or right setting of the Globe. 1668Dryden Even. Love ii. i, What think you..of the best way of rectification for a nativity?
c. Photogrammetry. The process of preparing a plan view from an aerial photograph taken at an oblique angle.
1920M. N. Macleod Mapping from Air Photographs ii. iv. 54 The rectification, or plotting of photos by comparison with fixed points, is at best a roundabout method. 1921Geogr. Jrnl. LVII. 141 The theory of the rectification of photographs that should have been taken vertically, but are really tilted several degrees in an unknown direction, involves propositions in the theory of perspective which are not readily accessible in convenient form. 1928Ibid. LXXI. 589 Whether the tilt is to be eliminated by photographic ‘rectification’, or by transferring the map grid to the photograph in perspective,..it is first necessary to find the tilt and the height at the moment of exposure. 1944P. G. McCurdy et al. Man. Photogrammetry ii. 54 Optical rectification is the process of projecting the image of a tilted photograph into a horizontal plane. 1968Times 1 Nov. 6/8 A process known as rectification is already standard practice. This is an automatic method of giving correct positions in plan to elevated features such as hills.
2. Chem. The purification or refinement of any substance by renewed distillation or other means.
1605Timme Quersit. iii. 184 Rectification is a reiterated distillation to perfection. 1666Boyle Orig. Formes & Qual. 339 An indifferent good Spiritus Nitri, that even before Rectification would readily enough dissolve Silver. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 56 The Oil of Sugar that remains after Rectification. 1787Keir in Phil. Trans. LXXVII. 267 The acid obtained from vitriol,..deprived by rectification of its smoking quality. 1876Harley Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 354 The oily liquid separates, which is purified by rectification.
transf.1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. iii. 331 To this cure of melancholy..the Rectification of Aire is necessarily required. a1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. iv. ii. 298 This portion of the lower World seems to be the whole residue of the visible Chaotical Mass, which by the former Rectification was reduced to a small portion, like the Caput Mortuum after Distillation.
3. Geom. The finding of a straight line equal in length to a given curve.
1685Wallis Algebra 293 The Year following (1659), Mr. Heurat, lights on the Rectification of the same Curve, which Mr. Neil had done before. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., All we need to find the quadrature of the circle is the rectification of its circumference. Ibid., The rectification of curves is a branch of the higher geometry. 1823J. Mitchell Dict. Math. & Phys. Sci. 413/2 It is..to the doctrine of fluxions that we owe the complete rectification of curve lines, in finite terms. 1892tr. H. Schubert's Math. Ess. 119 The quadrature of the circle stands and falls with the problem of rectification.
4. The process or act of permitting an electric current to flow preferentially in one direction; esp. in Electr., the conversion of an alternating current into a direct current; also in Physiol., the action of nerve membranes in allowing electrical impulses to be conducted preferentially in one direction.
anomalous rectification Physiol., the phenomenon of permitting current to flow preferentially from low to high ionic concentrations.
1895Electrician 9 Aug. 488/1 A commutator..to which current is led and from which it is taken, after rectification. 1905Proc. R. Soc. LXXIV. 485 The rectification is less complete in proportion as the temperature of the carbon filament increases. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 1027/2 The remainder of the plate voltage is created by the rectification by the valve of the speech currents induced in the secondary circuit. 1941Jrnl. Gen. Physiol. XXIV. 562 The most convenient specification of the rectification characteristics of the membrane. 1949A. L. Hodgkin et al. in Arch. Sci. Physiol. III. 139 There is a marked rectification but it evidently takes some time to develop... We therefore propose the use of the term ‘delayed rectification’ to describe this effect. 1962Jrnl. Physiol. CLXIII. 61 A fall in the membrane conductance when the membrane current flows from the inside to the outside of the fibre, and rise in conductance when the current is in the opposite direction has been called anomalous rectification. 1965Math. in Biol. & Med. (Med. Res. Council) vi. 258 In 1941, Cole and Curtis showed that, in the steady state, the membrane of squid nerve has a much lower resistance to outward (depolarizing) currents than to inward (hyperpolarizing) currents. By analogy with the behaviour of electrical rectifiers this phenomenon was called rectification and the term ‘delayed rectification’ was introduced—emphasizing the fact that the changes in resistance take an appreciable time (a few milliseconds) to occur. Ibid., Rectification can occur in the absence of [ionic] concentration gradients.., and in skeletal muscle fibres..and in cardiac muscle fibres..rectification in the opposite direction to that predicted from simple changes in membrane ion concentration occurs. 1966R. G. Kloeffler Electron Tubes x. 209 For the purpose of analysis of rectification by diodes, a clear concept may be obtained by assuming that both the device and the load are linear. 1970J. Shepherd et al. Higher Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) xxv. 798 The semiconductor diode rectifier is now replacing the mercury-arc rectifier for polyphase rectification in all applications except those involving the highest voltages. |