| 释义 |
kymograph|ˈkaɪməʊgrɑːf, -æ-|
[f. Gr. κῡµο-, combining form of κῦµα wave + -graph; in sense 1, ad. G. kymographion, the name given by A. W. Volkmann (in Die Hämodynamik (1850) iv. 120) to the instrument invented by K. F. W. Ludwig.]
1. An instrument for graphically recording variations of pressure of a fluid, esp. of blood in the vessels of a living animal; a recording manometer; also called kymographion. Later used more widely; the instrument consists of a cylinder rotated by a clockwork or electric motor, together with a stylus designed to trace on a roll of paper wrapped around the cylinder a curve representing pressure variations or motion communicated to the stylus.
1867C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol. (ed. 3), Kymographion, an instrument which shows the relation between the pulse-wave and the undulations produced by respiration. 1872Lancet I. 675 Fick's spring manometer or spring kymograph..are excellent instruments for registering the pulse-motions. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 934 The kymograph registered a very rapid..fall of the arterial pressure. 1901E. B. Titchener Exper. Psychol. I. i. viii. 112 O fixates the outermost grey ring of the disc... As the grey fades or drops out of view, he presses the bulb... As (or when) the grey returns, he relaxes the pressure. The curve of fluctuation is thus written, above the time line, upon the smoked paper of the kymograph. 1918A. L. F. Snell Pause 1 The results in this investigation are based upon speech records made with an apparatus such as is used in experimental phonetics... The kymograph used in all the work was the complete Zimmerman pattern, with Herring slide and writing plane. 1928Science 20 July 62/1 When such phenomena as the speed of a nerve impulse or reaction time are to be recorded, a very fast kymograph drum is an absolute necessity. 1938Trans. Philol. Soc. 76 The apparatus used is the physiological kymograph, fitted with three appropriate Marey tambours. The upper bold tracing is that of jaw movement; the second supplies a record of sound obtained..; the third the time-marking inscribed by a tuning-fork. 1949B. J. Underwood Exper. Psychol. vi. 163 These markers write on a kymograph, a slowly rotating drum covered with waxed or smoked paper. The rat..bounces the cage on the tambours, thus changing the air pressure which in turn activates the markers which record the animal's activity. 1959E. Pulgram Introd. Spectogr. of Speech vi. 52 The kymograph produces registrations representing variations in the total amount of pressure during articulation. 1970Reese & Lipsitt Exper. Child Psychol. iii. 83 Head-turning responses were recorded by means of a head harness mechanically attached to a kymograph.
2. Radiology. An apparatus for recording the movement of the heart or other internal organs by moving an X-ray plate or film past one or more slits in a screen placed between it and the subject, so that movement of the organ in a direction parallel to a slit is recorded as a curve separating differently exposed portions of the radiograph; = roentgenkymograph.
1936P. Kerley Rec. Adv. Radiol. (ed. 2) iv. 69 In its simplest form the X ray kymograph consists of a metal grid with a row of transverse slits of equal width and equidistant from each other. 1938Q. Jrnl. Med. XXXI. 463 In cardiac aneurysm..a paradoxical pulsation—expansion of the sac during ventricular systole—has been recorded by kymograph. 1959P. Cignolini in A. A. Luisada Cardiol. II. iv. viii. 199/1 The RK's of Gott and Rosenthal were recorded through a single slit. Later, Crane (1916) used a kymograph with two overlapping slits.
Hence kymoˈgraphic a., pertaining to or made with a kymograph; hence kymoˈgraphically adv., by means of a kymograph.
1885Med. Times 26 Dec. 888 The new method of writing kymographic curves. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 106/2 Mercurial kymographic tracing from carotid of a dog. 1930J. R. Firth Speech ii. 16 Kymographic speech tracings are invaluable in the study of the length and pitch of vowels..and other characteristic elements of speech. 1936P. Kerley Rec. Adv. Radiol. (ed. 2) iv. 70 The kymographic appearance of the right border of the heart is more complicated than that of the left border. 1942Biol. Abstr. XVI. 496/1 The temp. and the specific gravity of the inner soln. were kymographically recorded. 1948J. W. McLaren Mod. Trends Diagn. Radiol. xiv. 183 Kymographic exposures require much higher loading on an x-ray tube than does ordinary radiography. Ibid. 190 Systolic contraction of the ventricle..recorded kymographically. 1963Amer. Speech XXXVIII. 72 Considerable sampling of Hungarian unstressed vowels recorded in natural situations submitted to kymographic analysis. 1964L. Kaiser in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 106 Rousselot..showed kymographically the large differences in the activity of articulation muscles in stressed and unstressed syllables. |