| 释义 |
▪ I. Graham1|ˈgreɪəm|
Also graham.
The name of Sylvester Graham (1794–1851), used attrib. to designate unbolted wheaten flour, and bread or biscuit prepared from this. Also absol. = Graham bread.
1834Knickerbocker IV. 305 ‘Hail!’ said I, ‘thou pure, unadulterated substitute—Graham bread!’ 1834W. L. Garrison in Life (1885) I. 428 If they are Grahamites we have a fine spring of water in our cellar, and plenty of Graham flour upstairs. 1859Amer. Agriculturist May 150/2 (caption) Graham biscuits or bread. 1874Rep. Vermont Board Agric. II. 509 Large enough to hold the flour, the meal, the rye, the graham, butter. 1882‘M. Harland’ Eve's Daughters 443 Eat lightly—dry bread or biscuit, Graham crackers—anything that is easy of digestion. 1896Godey's Mag. Feb. 207/1 When Mr. Dives turns from his recondite menu to nibble at wheaten grits and graham bread. 1947J. Steinbeck Wayward Bus 220 It's got graham crackers instead of crust. 1957G. Carson Cornflake Crusade (1959) iv. 53 They shared their beans, boiled rice, graham bread and puddings. 1958L. C. Pritchett Cabin at Medicine Springs (1959) xiv. 118 Ma often..made gruel out of coarse graham flour.
▪ II. Graham2|ˈgreɪəm|
[The name of Thomas Graham (1805–69), Scottish chemist.]
Graham's law: that the rates of diffusion and of effusion of a gas are inversely proportional to the square root of its density.
1845Todd & Bowman Physiol. Anat. & Physiol. Man II. xxix. 409 Oxygen being the lighter gas, a larger quantity is required to replace the carbonic acid; 81 parts of the latter will require 95 of the former to replace it according to Graham's law, that the diffusion volume of different gases varies inversely as the square root of the density. 1946Glasstone Elem. Physical Chem. iv. 86 The results of Graham's law of diffusion have been used to determine gas densities by measuring the time required for a definite volume of the gas to effuse through a small hole in a thin metal plate. |