| 释义 |
▪ I. greenback, n.|ˈgriːnbæk|
[f. green a. + back n.1]
A thing that has a green back.
1. a. The popular name for one of the legal-tender notes of the U.S., first issued in 1862 and so called from the devices printed in green ink on the back. Also, ‘by extension, any note issued by a national bank in the U.S.’ (Funk's Stand. Dict.).
1862Times 23 Dec. (Amer. Corr.), Bonds, greenbacks, and postage currency paper..are..to do all the duty of money in this unhappy land. 1870Longfellow in Life (1891) III. 143 Never having known the difference between a bank⁓note and a greenback. 1966New Yorker 22 Oct. 164 We observe him on his way to Mexico with a suitcase full of green-backs.
b. attrib. greenback party, a party in U.S. politics, which advocated that ‘greenbacks’ should be made the sole currency of the country.
1878N. Amer. Rev. CXXVII. 103 The greenback issue has rapidly gained strength. 1884Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 26 July, Hon. Charles Jenkins, twice candidate of the Greenback party in Ohio for Governor. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. iii. lvi. 369 The Greenback party..held a national Nominating Convention in 1876. 1893Nation (N.Y.) 27 Apr. 306/1 The greenback controversies that supervened after the close of the war.
2. As the name of animals. (Cf. blue-back, red-back.)
a. The garfish, Belone vulgaris.
b. The American golden plover, Charadrius dominicus, also called golden-back.
c. U.S. A humming-bird of the genus Panoplites.
d. slang. A frog.
1778Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Warrington, In the river are caught sturgeons, greenbacks [etc.]. 1869J. Burroughs in Galaxy Mag. Aug., VIII. 170 The finest songster among the Sylvia..is the blackthroated greenback. 1880–4Day Fishes Gt. Brit. & Irel. II. 148 Belone vulgaris..green⁓bone or green-back. 1893Farmer Slang, Greenback (common), a frog.
3. A book with a green back. (Cf. yellow-back.)
1893Farmer Slang, Greenback..(University), one of Todhunter's series of mathematical text-books. (Because bound in green cloth.) 1953R. Fuller 2nd Curtain iv. 61 The quart bottle of beer, the Penguin greenback, incongruous modernities. 1960E. Morgan in M. Barry Television Playwright 357 Harry re-enters with the book, a green-back Penguin.
4. A deficiency disease of tomatoes, shown by the calyx end of the fruits failing to ripen.
1926Ann. Appl. Biol. XIII. 338 Exposure of the fruits to excessive sunlight causes a type of blotchiness known as ‘green back’ if the nitrogen and potash supply is inadequate. 1943T. Wallace Diagnosis Mineral Deficiencies in Plants iv. 32 Tomato plants have a high requirement for potassium. When the element is deficient..fruits often fail to ripen evenly, and may show sharply defined, green patches near the stalks (green⁓back). 1961Amat. Gardening 21 Oct. Suppl. 25/1 Green⁓back, a common tomato disorder in which the fruits do not ripen completely but remain green near the stalk.
5. Surfing slang. = greenie.
1965H. A. Klein Surfing iii. 58 Australian surfers use the picturesque word ‘greenbacks’ for a swell as it peaks higher and higher but has not yet begun to spill ‘white water’ down its front face. 1965J. Pollard Surfrider ii. 20 Just out a little further are the ‘green-backs’, the unbroken waves. 1970[see greenie].
Hence (U.S.) ˈgreenbacker, a member of the greenback party. ˈgreenbackism, the principles of the greenback party, advocacy of those principles.
1878N. Amer. Rev. CXXVII. 103 The millions who call themselves Greenbackers. 1882Playfair in Macm. Mag. XLV. 336 The greenbackers advocate an internal, inconvertible, non-exportable currency. 1883American VI. 5 Without criticising his Greenbackism at all. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. iii. lvi. 368 The Greenbackers, who arose soon after the end of the war..demand a large issue of greenbacks. 1892N. Amer. Rev. CLIV. 745 Greenbackism was strongly tinctured with the sentiment of Nationalism.
▪ II. greenback, v. rare.|ˈgriːnbæk|
[f. green a. + back n.1]
trans. To bind in a green cover.
1828Southey Lett. (1856) IV. 99 Bailey's next job will be to green-back the ‘Parnaso Italiano’, fifty-six vols. |