| 释义 |
▪ I. hart|hɑːt|
Forms: 1 heorut, heorot, 1–4 heort, 3–6 hert, 4–6 herte, 5–6 harte, 5– hart.
[ME. hert, OE. heort, heorot = OLG. hirot (MDu., Du. hert, LG. hart), OHG. hiruȥ, hirȥ (MHG. hirȥ, Ger. hirsch, from earlier hirsz), ON. hjǫrtr (Sw., Da. hiort):—OTeut. *herut-, perh.:—*herwut-, *herwot-, with dental formative -t, appended to a stem cognate with L. ceruo-s; perh. related to Gr. κερατ- horn, as if = ‘the horned’.]
1. The male of the deer, esp. of the red deer; a stag; spec. a male deer after its fifth year.
c825Vesp. Psalter xli[i], 2[1] Swe swe heorut ᵹewillað to waellum wetra. c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxv. §6 Nan heort ne onscunode nænne leon. c1205Lay. 26762 Swa hund þene heort driueð. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 376 Wo so..slou hert oþer hynde. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1121 (Dido) Ne hound for hert or wilde bor or der. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxv. (1495) 134 As it faryth in horses, camelles, and hartes. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 226 As the hart renneth to the water. 16022nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. ii. v. 889 Your Hart is..the fourth yeare a Stagge, the fift yeare a great Stag, the sixt yeare a Hart. 1611Bible Ps. xlii. 1 As the Hart panteth after the water brookes. 1741Compl. Fam. Piece ii. i. 289 To find out the Harbour or Layer of a Hart. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles iv. ii, See him dart O'er stock and stone like hunted hart.
†b. hart of grease, a fat hart. hart of ten, a hart with ten branches on his horns. hart royal, a hart that has been chased by a royal personage.
c1380Sir Ferumb. 1750 Gyrfacouns y-muwed & white stedes, & hertes of gresse y wene. a1440Sir Degrev. 249 Hys proud hertes of grese Bereth no chartur of pes. c1550Adam Bell in Furniv. Percy Folio (1868) III. 421 Eche of them slew a hart of greece The best they could there see. 1598J. Manwood Lawes Forest 24 b, If the King or Queene doe hunt or chase him, and he escape away aliue, then..he is called a Hart Royall. Ibid. iv. §6. 28 When a Hart is past his sixt yeere, he is generally to be called a Hart of Tenn. 1637B. Jonson Sad Sheph. i. ii, A great, large deer! Rob. What head? John. Forked: a hart of ten. 1674N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. (1677) 6 If hunted by the King, a Hart Royal. 1822Scott Nigel xxvii, There is a pleasure in looking at a hart of grease.
2. Comb., as hart-like adj., hart-skin; hart-berry, a local name of the Bilberry; † hart-bramble, Buckthorn; † hart-evil (see quot.); † hart-fly, an insect. ? the stag-beetle; † hart-horse, tr. Gr. ἱππέλαϕος, ‘lit. the horse-deer, perhaps the rusa, Cervus Aristotelis’ (Liddell & Scott); † hart-hound, a stag-hound; † hart-root, hart's-root (see quots.); hart's-balls = hart's truffles; hart's black (see quot.); † hart's-crest, the imaginary horns on the forehead of a cuckold; † hart's-eye, a plant: see quot.; † hart's-head (see quot.); † hart's-trefoil, Melilot = hartclover; hart's-truffle, a kind of underground fungus (Elaphomyces); † hart-thorn [tr. L. spina cervina], Buckthorn, Rhamnus catharticus; † hart-wolf, a fabulous animal, a hybrid between a deer and a wolf.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 332 Cnua þonne *heorot brembel leaf.
1727Bailey vol. II, *Hart Evil (with Farriers), the Stag-evil, a Rheum or Defluxion, that falls upon the Jaws and other Parts..of a Horse, which hinders him from eating.
1610J. Guillim Heraldry iii. xviii, (1611) 152 As the *Hart⁓fly Beetle, Ladi-cow, [etc.]
1550J. Coke Eng. & Fr. Heralds vii. (1877) 59 Greyhoundes, *hartehoundes, buckehoundes, and begles.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iv. Handicrafts 402 With *Hart-like legs.
1611Cotgr., Libanot, Hearbe Frankincense..*Hart-root.
1677Littleton Lat. Dict., *Harts-root, libanotis [= rosemary]. 1823Crabb Technol. Dict., Hart-Root, the Athamanta of Linnæus.
1866Treas. Bot., *Hart'sballs, Elaphomyces.
1851Dict. Archit., *Hart's Black, that substance remaining..after the spirits, volatile salt and oil, have been extracted from hartshorn..when..levigated it answers the purpose of painters nearly as well as ivory black.
1600J. Lane Tel-troths Message 44 The married men might..shunne the *Harts crest to their hearts content, With cornucopia, Cornewall, and the horne.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 126 Elaphoscum: (that is, as some call it *Harts eye, others Hart-thorne, or grace of God, others wild Ditany).
1686Plot Staffordsh. 26 [Clouds] in the form of the letter V, jagg'd on each side..called by the water-men the *Harts-head.
1483Cath. Angl. 177/1 An *Hartskyn..nembris. 1624Harington Sch. Salerne in Babees Bk. 255 In the Summer-time I chiefly commend garments of Harts-skinnes, and Calues-skins.
1640Parkinson Theat. Bot. Table, *Harts Trefoile is Mellilot.
1866Treas. Bot. 389 Deer balls, a synonym of *Hart's Truffles..Elaphomyces. 1607*Hart-thorne [see hart's-eye]. 1611Florio, Spina ceruina, the wilde Harthorne.
1577Eden & Willes Hist. Trav. 295 *Harte Woolfes..engendred eyther of a Woolfe and a Hynde, or a Hart and a bitch Woolfe. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 166 They have..Hart-Wolves brought up to hunt their own kinde.
▪ II. hart
obs. f. heart; obs. var. art (see be). |