| 释义 |
hermaphrodite, n. and a.|həˈmæfrədaɪt|
Also (erron.) 5–6 hermofrodite.
[ad. L. hermaphrodītus, a. Gr. ἑρµαϕρόδῑτος, orig. proper name of Ἑρµαϕρόδιτος son of Hermes (Mercury) and Aphrodite (Venus), who, according to the myth, grew together with the nymph Salmacis, while bathing in her fountain, and thus combined male and female characters.]
A. n.
1. A human being, or one of the higher animals, in which parts characteristic of both sexes are to some extent (really or apparently) combined.
(Formerly supposed to occur normally in some races of men and beasts; but now regarded only as a monstrosity.)
[1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. li. (1495) 811 In harmofroditus is founde bothe sexus male and female: but alway vnperfyte.] c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 5 Cap. ix Of hermofrodite, þat is to seye, þat hath þe schappe of man & womman. 1576Gascoigne Steele Gl. (Arb.) 50, I am in dede a dame, Or at the least, a right Hermaphrodite. 1600Holland Livy xxxi. xii. 780 Another likewise was found of sixteene yeeres of age, a very Hermaphrodite of doubtfull sex between both. 1628Coke On Litt. 3 a, An hermaphrodite may purchase according to that sexe which prevaileth. 1667Phil. Trans. II. 624 An Exact Narrative of an Hermaphrodite now in London. 1756Wesley Wks. (1872) IX. 474 Indeed, we are not told here, that angels are hermaphrodites. 1874Van Buren Dis. Genit. Org. 38 The monstrosity known as hermaphrodite does exist, but is excessively rare.
b. An effeminate man or virile woman.
c. A catamite.
1594Mirr. Policy (1599) H iij, Sardanapalus..burnt himself, by which act he deliuered his subjects from a monstrous Hermophrodite who was neither true man, nor true woman, being in sexe a man, & in heart a woman. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Jas. I, Wks. (1711) 9 The womanish decking of the persons of some few hermaphrodites. 1716Addison Drummer iv. i, He is one of your Hermaphrodites, as they call them.
2. Zool. An animal in which the male and female sexual organs are (normally) present in the same individual, as in various molluscs and worms.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., Divers of the insect and reptile kind are also hermaphrodites; particularly, worms, snails, etc. 1742H. Baker Microsc. ii. xxi. 180 Lice are not Hermaphrodites, as has erroneously been imagined. 1859Darwin Orig. Spec. iv. 100 On the land there are some hermaphrodites, as land-mollusca and earth-worms. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life Introd. 25 Some hermaphrodites, however, are self-impregnating, such as Cestoda, and Trematoda.
3. Bot. A plant or flower in which the stamens and pistils (or equivalent organs) are present in the same flower, as in the majority of flowering plants.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., The latest botanists..make a division of plants, which they call hermaphrodites; as having..the stamina and pistil in the same flower. 1806J. Galpine Brit. Bot. 365 Tussilago..female flowers numerous: hermaphrodites very few. 1862Darwin Fertil. Orchids Introd. 1 No Hermaphrodite fertilizes itself for a perpetuity of generations.
4. fig. A person or thing in which any two opposite attributes or qualities are combined.
1659W. Chamberlayne Pharonnida i. i. (1820) 14 'Twas the short journey twixt the day and night, The calm fresh evening, time's hermaphrodite. 1687Good Advice 38 Henry the Eighth, was a kind of Hermophrodite in Religion, or in the Language of the times, a Trimer. a1711Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 116 He acts the Hermophradite of Good and Ill, But God detests his double Tongue and Will. 1784New Spectator No. 4. 2/2 In the new comedy—I mean dramatic hermaphrodite—of Reparation. 1827Hare Guesses Ser. i. (1873) 10 A race of moral hermaphrodites.
b. Naut. A sailing vessel that combines the characters of two kinds of craft; now esp. one that is square-rigged like a brig forward, and schooner-rigged aft. Also called hermaphrodite brig: see B. 4.
1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 220 An Hermaphrodite is a vessel so constructed as to be, occasionally, a snow, and sometimes a brig. It has therefore two mainsails; a boom mainsail, when a brig; and a square mainsail when a snow. 1831E. J. Trelawny Adv. Younger Son I. 177 She was rigged as a hermaphrodite. 1833M. Scott Tom Cringle v. (1859) 109 A very taught-rigged hermaphrodite, or brig forward and schooner aft.
B. adj.
1. Of men or beasts: Having parts belonging to both sexes (really or apparently) combined in the same individual.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 263 Nero did shew certain Hermaphrodite Mares, wherewithal his Chariot was drawn. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. IV. 18 Their hermaphrodite natures. 1816G. S. Faber Orig. Pagan Idolatry II. 487 That astronomical hermaphrodite deity.
2. Zool.
a. Of an animal: Having the male and female generative organs present in the same individual.
b. Applied to organs which combine the characters of both sexes.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., The common earth-worms easily shew their Hermaphrodite nature. 1797M. Baillie Morb. Anat. (1807) 186 This worm is hermaphrodite. 1870Rolleston Anim. Life Introd. 38 The generative glands of all Vertebrata appear to be hermaphrodite at certain periods of fœtal life. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 113 (Edible Snail) The hermaphrodite gland or ovotestis is lodged [etc.]. Ibid., From the gland a convoluted hermaphrodite duct passes.
3. Bot.
a. Of a flower: Containing both stamens and pistils.
b. Of a plant: Bearing both stamens and pistils in every flower.
1769E. Bancroft Guiana 31 Numerous monopetalous hermaphrodite flowers. 1778Lightfoot Flora Scot. (1789) I. 460 Common Carline Thistle..the florets are all hermaphrodite. 1854Hooker Himal. Jrnls. I. vi. 157 This plant is occasionally hermaphrodite in Sikkim. 1877Darwin Forms of Fl. Introd. 1 Linnæus..divided them into hermaphrodite, monœcious, diœcious, and polygamous species.
4. transf. and fig.
a. Consisting of, or combining the characteristics of, both sexes.
b. More generally, combining two opposite qualities or attributes.
1593Nashe Strange Newes B iv b, With these two Hermophrodite phrases, being halfe Latin and halfe English. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 602 What could that Hermaphrodite-armie doe, wherein were five and twenty thousand armed women? 1651Hobbes Govt. & Soc. Pref., Hermaphrodite opinions of morall Philosophers, partly right and comely, partly brutall and wilde. a1661Fuller Worthies, Linc. ii. (1662) 154 Epicœne, and Hermaphrodite Convents, wherein Monks and Nuns lived together. 1807–8W. Irving Salmag. (1824) 358, I beg of you..to discourage this hermaphrodite mode of dress. 1834Brit. Husb. I. 158 The Hermaphrodite waggon is formed by uniting two carts, corresponding with the fore and hind parts of a waggon, by bolting them together. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast ix. 22 A small hermaphrodite brig. 1882Farrar Early Chr. II. 350 It was only by inventing elaborate series of hermaphrodite pairs of æons or emanations that they could imagine any communication of God's will to man.
Hence herˈmaphrodited pa. pple., united in one person. (nonce-wd.)
c1643A. Brome Death Jos. Shute 47 Divinity and art were so united, As if in him both were hermaphrodited. |