| 释义 |
▪ I. † hinder, n. Chiefly Sc. Obs.
[f. hinder v.]
Hindrance, obstruction, impediment, detriment.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 213 Þere teldeð þe werse þe grune of hindre þat is of bipeching. 1481Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 63 The moste hyndre that ye shal haue. 1568Mary Q. of Scots Let. Jan. in H. Campbell Love-lett. App. 31 Doing all the hinder and evill that ȝe may to the said rebellis. 1637–50Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) 167 A great hinder of the work of God.
▪ II. hinder, a.1 and n.|ˈhaɪndə(r)|
Forms: 3– hinder, (3–4 hin-, hyndore, 4–5 hender, 4–6 hynder, -ir, 5 -ur, -yr).
[See hind a. (In Sc. and north. Eng. with short i.)]
A. adj.
1. Situated behind, at the back, or in the rear; posterior. (Notwithstanding its comparative form, it does not differ in sense from hind, but is more frequently used. Cf. yon, yonder.) hinder gate, postern gate.
Formerly, like hind, often hyphened to its n.: cf. 4.
c1290St. Brandan 642 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 237 So þat on is hindore [Percy Soc. 638 hynder] fet An Otur þare cam gon. Bi-twene is forþere fet he brouȝte a fuyr-Ire ant a ston. c1380Sir Ferumb. 3707 Now ne dar he noþyng drede Of þat hyndere falurede, þat comeþ after gon. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 111 Þat þe hyndere [B. hyndore] partie be pleyn. c1400Rom. Rose 5850 False-Semblant and Abstinaunce..Shulle at the hynder gate assayle. 1535Coverdale Josh. viii. 12 He set them in the hynder watch betwene Bethel and Hai. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. vi. 32 Till they agayn returne backe by the hinder gate. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 691 The Bore goeth wider with his hinder legs than the Sow, and commonly setteth his hinder steps vpon the edges of his foresteps on the out-side. 1712Addison Spect. No. 265 ⁋5 As I was standing in the hinder Part of the Box. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 325 The fore feet lose their reflex activity before the hinder.
2. Of time.
a. Last past, ‘last’; as in this hinder day yesterday, this hinder night last night, yesternight.
b. Last, as in hinder end. Sc.
1375Barbour Bruce x. 551 Quhen I wes ȝoung this hendir day. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxxi. 1 This hinder nycht halff-sleiping as I lay. a1549Murning Maidin 2 in Laneham's Let. (1871) Introd. 150 This hinder day I went alone. 1725Ramsay Gent. Sheph. i. i, I dream'd a dreary dream this hinder night. a1774Fergusson Poems (1789) II. 67 (Jam.) Quhilk happen'd on the hinder night.
†3. Latter (as opp. to former). Obs.
1551T. Wilson Logike (1580) 20 b, When the former part (whereof any thing is rehearsed) and the hinder part (whiche is rehearsed of the former) are chaunged. 1669Bunyan Holy Citie 257 By the former Sea, the People of the Jews..and by hinder Sea, the People of the Gentiles.
†4. Comb.: see 1. hinder-fallings, excrements.
1530Palsgr. 231/2 Hynderparte of the necke..Hynder⁓parte of the heed. Ibid., Hynderwarde, garde de derriere. 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 38 b, Take the beanes or hinderfallinges of Goates. 1611Cotgr., Les gardes d'un sanglier, the deaw-clawes or hinder-clawes of a wild Bore. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. 89 [Seals] throw their bodies forward, drawing their hinder-parts after them. 1699Ibid. II. i. 74 The hinderpart or Stern.
B. n. (usu. pl.). Hindquarters, buttocks; hind legs.
1857J. Scholes Tim Gamwattle 20 (E.D.D.), Thir is nah a barro e Smobruff uts big anouff fur iz hoindurs. 1880J. F. S. Gordon Bk. Chron. Keith 55 Boasting of kissing, at their meetings, the Devil's ‘hinder’. 1891M. M. Dowie Girl in Karpathians xiii. 173 The painter spread his coat upon the hinders of the second horse. 1892J. Lumsden Sheep-head & Trotters 268 A pull that brought the pony in a moment back upon its hinders. 1948F. Brown Dead Ringer (1949) xi. 131 He stood up on his short little hinders and got himself a lawyer.
▪ III. † hinder, a.2 Obs.
[app. deduced from OE. hinder- adv. (see hind a.) in comb., as in hinder-ᵹéap not straightforward, crafty, guileful, hinder-hóc snare, artifice, hinder-scipe knavery: cf. also MHG. hinderlist, Ger. hinterlist trickery behind any one's back to his injury. In hinder-word, perh. in comb.]
Deceitful, crafty, insidious.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 59 Mid his hinder worde bicherde him. c1205Lay. 10489 Carrais hine biðohte of ane hindere [c 1275 luþer] cræfte. c1290St. Michael 688 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 319 Hynderful [altered hinder] and of bost I-novȝ.
▪ IV. hinder, v.|ˈhɪndə(r)|
Forms: 1 hindrian, 3–6 hindre, 4–6 hyndre, hendre, hynder, 5 hindire, hunder, 5–6 hindur, hyndur, 5– hinder.
[OE. hindrian = OLG. *hindarôn (MDu., MLG. hinderen), OHG. hintarôn (Ger. hindern), ON. hindra:—OTeut. *hindarôjan, f. *hindar adv.: see hind a. lit. To put or keep back: cf. the parallel further v. to put forward, also backen v.]
†1. trans. To do harm to; to injure, impair, damage. Obs.
c1000Inst. Polity §2 in Thorpe Laws II. 306 (Bosw.) A he sceal hæðendom hindrian. a1100O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1003 Ðonne se heretoᵹa wacað þonne bið eall se here swiðe ᵹehindred. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 193 Þe man hindreð his aȝene soule. 1483Cath. Angl. 186/1 To Hynder, derogare, incommodare. 1535Coverdale Luke xiii. 7 Cut it downe, why hyndreth it the grounde? 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 10 a, If any chylde weare Peony sede about hys body, no euell sprete can hinder him. 1639in T. Lechford Note-Bk. (1885) 80 The Plaintiffe..is otherwise hindred and damnifyed to the summe of twenty pounds.
†b. To speak to the injury of; to vilify, disparage, slander, belittle. Obs.
c1375XI Pains of Hell 102 in O.E. Misc. 226 Bacbyters of men, Þat in word and dede..Hyndren heor euen cristen þat þei may. c1430Lydg. Compl. Bl. Knt. xxx, Hindred..to his lady grace With false tonges. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions 333 To hindre and empaire the name, and memorialle of the deade. 1573–80Baret Alv. H 462 To hinder ones good name, and speake ill of him.
2. To keep back, delay, or stop in action; to put obstacles in the way of; to impede, deter, obstruct, prevent.
c1400Destr. Troy 5612 [That] may hast vs to harme, & hindur our spede. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iii. iv. 53 That was very wrong hyndering the trewe quarell and fortherynge the false. c1450Merlin 23 The prophetes hadden hyndred here purpos. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 6 Not able..to helpe hym any thynge in this his iourney.. but rather to hynder and let hym. 1614Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat., Holy Obs. i. §31. 200 These are not qualities to hinder our love, but our familiaritie. 1715De Foe Fam. Instruct. i. i. (1841) I. 32 Thou shalt go to Church every day, and not be hindered. a1804W. Gilpin Serm. III. vii. (R.), The difficulty of the task should not hinder the attempt. 1874Green Short Hist. i. §2. 15 Strife between these two kingdoms..long hindered the full conquest of Northern Britain.
b. Const. to hinder a person from or in doing something; also (obs. or rare)
c. of, for, to do a thing, that, that not, but that he should do a thing.
b.c1440Gesta Rom. xxiii. 75 (Harl. MS.) A clowde, so derk..þat hit hundrid, & hit assundrid, & departid him fro all þe people. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 279 Demaunding of me, what should hinder me..from the use of such felicitie. 1666–7Pepys Diary 12 Feb., These pleasures do hinder me in my business. 1694Acc. Sev. Late Voy. ii. (1711) 131 This doth hinder the Ship very much in its sailing. 1769Junius Lett. i. 6 Petitions have been hindered from reaching the throne. 1873Holland A. Bonnic. xii. 205 What's to hinder other people from liking one another?
c.c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 431 It semeþ þat privat religiose ben hyndred bi her ordris to kepe Cristis lawe. 1535Coverdale Acts viii. 36 What hyndereth me to be baptysed? 1568Grafton Chron. II. 329 They hindered them nothing at all of their purpose. 1577–87Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1805) II. 296 They would hinder..that no great armie should be made out of France against them. 1600Holland Livy xxv. xxvii. 569 Marcellus..determined to hinder Bomilcar for arriving at Saracose. 1611in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 170 Mr. Rose did persyst..in hindering the towne of a certen walle. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iii. iv. §15 That hinders not but that they are generally less doubtful. 1732Fielding Miser ii. i. Wks. 1882 IX. 307 The death of my mother, whose jointure no one can hinder me of. 1741Monro Anat. Nerves (ed. 3) 31 Their Liquor will be hindred to flow. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. i. ii, He does hinder that it become..a part of it. 1862F. Hall Hindu Philos. Syst. 144 Good works, they say, hinder the soul of emancipation.
†d. to hinder time: to spend time, and so retard matters. Obs. rare.
1712W. Rogers Voy. 12 Not willing to hinder Time to carry her into any Harbour to examine..we let her go.
3. absol. or intr. To delay or frustrate action; to be an obstacle or impediment.
c1386Chaucer Melib. ⁋230 Cassidorie seith that it is a manere sleighte to hyndre whan he sheweth to doon a thyng openly and werketh priuely the contrarie. 1450–70Golagros & Gaw. 358 It hynderis neuer for to be heyndly of speche. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. 82 They will doe them so falsly, as will oft more hinder then further. 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 41 Nor doth it hinder at all, that in their Assignations or Distributions wee so often finde this Particle usque ad Mare. 1720Lett. fr. Lond. Jrnl. (1721) 38 But Fate and all the Politicks of those Times hinder'd. 1828Carlyle Misc., Burns (1872) II. 14 It is not the dark place that hinders, but the dim eye.
Hence ˈhindered ppl. a.
c1440Promp. Parv. 240/2 Hundryd, or harmyd, dampnificatus. 1644Digby Nat. Bodies i. (1645) 366 A hindered water. 1876T. Hardy Ethelberta (1890) 193 Amid the shouts of the hindered drivers. |