| 释义 |
profiling, vbl. n.|ˈprəʊfaɪlɪŋ|
[f. profile v. + -ing1.]
1. The drawing of profiles.
1888W. P. P. Longfellow in Scribner's Mag. III. 426 One of the secrets of good profiling.
2. Engin. The shaping of a part, orig. by means of a tool guided by a template or pattern. Freq. attrib., esp. in profiling machine (= profile machine s.v. profile n. 8).
1892Hasluck Milling machines 152 Fig. 133 is a two-spindle profiling machine, and the cutter will profile or surface to the extreme limit of the table area. 1950C. R. Hine Machine Tools for Engineers ix. 155 (caption) Four-spindle vertical Hydrotel milling machine with automatic 360⁓deg profiling attachment. 1957[see profiler 1]. 1967A. Battersby Network Analysis (ed. 2) 377 This measure is likely to utilize the drilling machine inefficiently, because of the odd bits of time spent in waiting for successive small batches from the profiling machine.
3. Geol. and Physical Geogr. [f. profile n.] The measurement or investigation of profiles, esp. of strata; spec. by means of measurements made at points lying on a straight line.
1929Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining & Metall. Engineers LXXXI. 598 Mapping structures..by means of refraction profiling. 1931F. H. Lahee Field Geol. (ed. 3) xxiii. 680 Field work may be conducted according to one of three main plans: (1) fan-shooting or fanning by the refraction method; (2) profile shooting, or profiling by the refraction method; and (3) profiling by the reflection method. 1938B. McCollum in A. E. Dunstan et al. Sci. of Petroleum I. viii. 396/2 In most cases..the profiling of this very shallow boundary cannot be successfully carried out at the present time by reflection. 1963J. B. Hersey in M. N. Hill Sea III. iv. 65 Continuous refraction profiling should prove especially valuable in the study of unconsolidated sediments in deep water. 1968R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 1227/2 Sub-bottom acoustic profiling..has demonstrated many wave-cut terraces partly hidden beneath a thin veneer of late Holocene sediments. 1977R. J. Rice Fund. Geol. viii. 141 Profiling. A third approach to the analysis of hillslope forms is by measurement of representative profiles.
▸ orig. and chiefly U.S. a. The recording, itemization, or analysis of a person's known psychological, intellectual, and behavioural characteristics, esp. as documentation used (in schools, businesses, etc.) in the assessment of an individual's capabilities; (also) the compilation of databases which store such information and that can be used to identify any particular subgroup of people. Cf. offender profiling n. at offender n. Compounds.
1964U.S. Court of Claims Rep. 157196 The Medical Profiling officer recommended under date of December 17, 1954, that plaintiff be not assigned duties that require more than ordinary activity. 1988M. Warnock Common Policy for Education (1989) iii. 73 Profiling is always likely to be seen as of peripheral importance to the academically able, central only to those who have already been deemed unsuitable for further or higher education. 1991Precision Marketing 16 Sept. 6/5 The summer push will include a direct mail test of 50,000 NDL-profiled names. It is the first time the company has used agency profiling. 2003Entertainm. Design (Electronic ed.) July There have been numerous studies about the psychological profiling of special warfare personnel.
b. Selection for scrutiny by law enforcement officials, etc., based on superficial characteristics (as ethnic background or race) rather than on evidentiary criteria; esp. = racial profiling n. at racial adj. and n. Compounds
1989in J. P. Collum Without Just Cause (WWOR TV script) Segment 2 (O.E.D. Archive) Profiling is illegal. We as state police officers are not allowed to profile. 1999N.Y. Times 9 Jan. b6/6 Two New Haven-area lawmakers are writing a bill that would ban police profiling in Connecticut and set up a system to watch for police officers who unfairly stop motorists because of their race or other factors that do not involve breaking the law. 2001Nation 17 Dec. 5/1 We have succumbed to ethnic profiling. The Justice Department has instructed law enforcement agents across the country to ‘interview’ more than 5,000 immigrants based not on any evidence that they are connected to Al Qaeda or the events of September 11 but solely on their age, gender and country of origin. |